scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Production in Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains, Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mexico City

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cabrera-Contreras ◽  
Rubén Morelos-Ramírez ◽  
Ada Nelly Galicia-Camacho ◽  
Enrique Meléndez-Herrada
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Resistance Markers

Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from nosocomial infections represent a serious problem worldwide. In various Mexican states several reports have shown isolates from hospitals with antibiotic resistance to methicillin. In Mexico City, there is scarce information on staphylococcal infections in hospitals. Here, our research findings are shown in a four-year period study (2006–2010) for Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. Susceptibility and/or resistance to antibiotics in SE strains were assessed by phenotypic and molecular methods as mecA gene by PCR, as well as the correlation with biofilm production for these isolates and the relationship to the infection site. Out of a total of 161 (66%) negative biofilm SE strains, just 103 (64%) SE strains were confirmed as MRSE by PCR to mecA gene. From 84 (34%) positive biofilm SE strains, 76 (91%) were confirmed as MRSE by PCR to mecA gene. Higher percentages of resistance to antibiotics and higher number of resistance markers were found in biofilm-forming clinical strains (9 to 14) than non-biofilm-forming SE strains (3 to 8). These research findings represent a guide to establish infection control programs for this hospital.

scholarly journals Genomic diversity of antibiotic multi-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from a tertiary care hospital in México City

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cabrera-Contreras ◽  
Rosa I Santamaría ◽  
Patricia Bustos ◽  
Irma Martínez-Flores ◽  
Enrique Meléndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Worldwide Distribution

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a human commensal and opportunistic pathogen worldwide distributed. To ascertain which pathogenic S. epidermidis clones are circulating in a local tertiary hospital setting, we sequenced the complete genomes of 17 S. epidermidis isolates obtained from neonatal infections at a Hospital Care Unit in México City. Genomic comparisons between S. epidermidis isolates revealed high pairwise whole genome nucleotide identities of about 97% to 99% and essentially a clonal structure. We inferred eight Multilocus Sequence Types (MLST´s), six of them of worldwide distribution, and two showing allelic variants, not in MLST databases. The profile of virulence includes genes involved in biofilm and modulin formation; most of the strains are multi-resistant to methicillin and several other beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides. Uneven distribution of insertion sequences, phages, and CRISPR-Cas immunity phage systems suggest frequent horizontal gene transfer. Rates of recombination between S. epidermidis strains were more frequent than the mutation rate and affected the whole genome. Therefore, recombination properties shape the population structure of local nosocomial S. epidermidis strains, formed by pathogenic and probably, non-pathogenic clones.

scholarly journals Molecular Analyses of Biofilm-Producing Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-587
Author(s):  
Balaram Khamari ◽  
Manmath Lama ◽  
Chanakya Pachi Pulusu ◽  
Amarendra Pratap  Biswal ◽  
Sai Manoz Lingamallu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Class 1

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of the study was to determine the presence of antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) genes, virulence genes, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in 14 biofilm-producing clinical isolates of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> PCR amplification was performed to analyse the prevalence of genes associated with antibiotic resistance (extended-spectrum β-lactamases [ESBLs] and metallo-β-lactamases [MBLs]), virulence factors, MGEs (class 1 integron, Tn<i>1213</i>, and <i>A. baumannii</i> antibiotic resistance [AbaR]), and <i>comM</i> among the study isolates. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR was then deployed to understand their phylogenetic relationship. All the isolates were investigated for biofilm production. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Two isolates were antibiotic-sensitive (AS), 3 were multi-drug-resistant (MDR), and the remaining 9 were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). The majority of the isolates were found to be positive for biofilm production and were sensitive against tetracycline and colistin only. Ab14 and Ab11 were found to be resistant to minocycline and colistin, respectively. <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>OXA</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>NDM</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>VIM</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>SIM</sub>, and <i>bla</i><sub>PER-1</sub>; class 1 integron; composite transposon Tn<i>1213</i>; AbaR island, and virulence factor genes were detected among the isolates. These pathogens were found to have originated from multiple clonal lineages. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Biofilm-producing <i>A. baumannii</i> with multiple virulence and AMR genes pose serious clinical challenges. The presence of MGEs further compounds the situation as these isolates serve as potential reservoirs of AMR and virulence genes. Together with their capacity for natural competence, <i>A. baumannii</i>, if left unchecked, will lead to the spread of resistance determinants to previously sensitive bacteria and may aid in the emergence of untreatable pan-drug-resistant phenotypes.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study on Association between Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Biofilm Production of E. coli in NonCatheterised UTI Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolkata

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 542-546
Author(s):  
Debalina Das ◽  
Parthasarathi Chakrabarty ◽  
Sipra Saha ◽  
Nandita Pal ◽  
Susmita Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Biofilm Production

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections are some of the most common community-acquired as well as nosocomial infections with E. coli being the most common pathogen. There is increased antimicrobial resistance among bacteria worldwide. One of the important mechanisms of resistance and virulence of bacteria is biofilm formation. This study was conducted to find out the association between antibiotic resistance pattern and biofilm formation in E. coli in non-catheterised patients of UTI in a tertiary care hospital. We further wanted to determine the association between the ability of E. coli to form biofilm and their ability to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase in non-catheterised patients. METHODS Urine samples collected from 300 non-catheterised patients who had symptoms of UTI were inoculated into MacConkey’s agar and blood agar media. Then identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were done. Phenotypic detection of ESBL production was done by double disc diffusion test and carbapenemase production was done by mCIM (modified carbapenem inactivation method) and eCIM (EDTA carbapenem inactivation method) tests according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2019 guideline. Biofilm detection was done by Congo red agar (CRA) method. RESULTS Out of 78 isolates E. coli were the commonest (61.5 %) isolate. Out of 48 E. coli isolates from non-catheterised UTI patients, 26 (54.1%) were biofilm producers. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern among the E. coli isolates showed the highest susceptibility of the strains to amikacin, whereas the least susceptibility was for amoxicillin. Out of 48 E. coli, 20 (41.6 %) were ESBL producers, 16 (33.33 %) E. coli were carbapenemase producers. Significant association was found between ESBL and biofilm production. However, no statistical significance was found between the association of carbapenemase production and biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS Uropathogenic E. coli is not an uncommon pathogen for biofilm formation even in non-catheterised patients. The antibiotic-resistance rate was higher among biofilm producing E. coli isolates. The biofilm forming ability was found to be significantly higher among ESBL producing strains but was not statistically significant for carbapenemase producing strains of E. coli. KEYWORDS Biofilm, Uropathogen, Congo Red Agar (CRA) Method, UTI, ESBL, Carbapenemase

scholarly journals 99. Effectiveness of Antibiotic Prophylaxis Among Patients Undergoing Elective Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S179-S180
Author(s):  
Thana Khawcharoenporn ◽  
Pimjira Kanoktipakorn
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Observational Cohort

Abstract Background Data existing on effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) for transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) are limited in the era of antibiotic resistance. Methods A 4-year prospective observational cohort study was conducted among patients undergoing TURP in an academic tertiary-care hospital during 2016–2019. Patients were excluded if pre-operative (pre-op) urine cultures were not sent or grew mixed (&gt;2) organisms, or they had pre-op urinary tract infection (UTI) or lost follow-up after TURP. Appropriateness of AP was defined as 1) correct dosing and duration and narrowest spectrum according to the hospital AP guidelines and local epidemiology and 2) being active against uropathogens isolated from the pre-op culture. Primary outcome was the rate of UTI within 30 days post TURP compared between appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis (AAP) and inappropriate antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) groups. Results 342 patients were screened and 61 were excluded. Of the 281 patients included, 139 (49%) received AAP and 142 (51%) received IAP. The reasons for IAP were prescribing too broad-spectrum antibiotics (57%), inactive antibiotics (41%) and incorrect dosing (2%). Pre-op urine cultures were no growth in 148 patients (53%). Among the 133 positive urine cultures with 144 isolates, Escherichia coli (52%) was the most commonly isolated. Thirty-one percent of these 144 isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and 23 (16%) isolates were multidrug-resistant. The resistant rates of Enterobacteriaceae were 73% for ciprofloxacin, 65% for TMP-SMX and 46% for ceftriaxone. The two most commonly prescribed prophylactic antibiotics were ceftriaxone (51%) and ciprofloxacin (34%). The rate of UTI within 30 days post-TURP was significantly higher in IAP group compared to AAP group (47% vs 27%; P&lt; 0.001). Prescribing inactive prophylactic antibiotics was the independent factor associated with 30-day post-TURP UTI (adjusted odds ratio 2.88; P=0.001). Conclusion Appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduced UTI within 30 days of elective TURP. Obtaining pre-op urine culture and prescribing an active prophylactic agent are critical for preventing post-TURP UTI in the era of antibiotic resistance. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Evaluation of Parental Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use in Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslınur Albayrak ◽  
Nazmi Mutlu Karakaş ◽  
Bensu Karahalil
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract BackgroundUpper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common in children. Most URTIs have been shown to be of viral origin. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the main causes of antibiotic resistance. The problem of unnecessary antibiotic use among children is a concern for antibiotic resistance in low- and middle-income developing countries.MethodsOur study is a cross-sectional survey study. It was carried out between 14 December 2020 and 1 April 2021 for parents over 18 years of age with a child under 18 years’ old who applied to the general pediatrics outpatient clinics of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Department of Pediatrics.Results554 parents responded to the questionnaire. A total of 15.7% of parents stated to use antibiotics in any child with fever. 37% of parents believed that antibiotics could cure infections caused by viruses. 6.3% of parents declared that they put pressure on pediatricians to prescribe antibiotics. 85.6% of the parents stated that they never gave their children non-prescription antibiotics when they had a high fever. 80.9% of them declared that they never used past antibiotics in the presence of a new infection. Female gender, high level of education, high income level and low number of antibiotics used in the last 1 year were found to be statistically significant with the better knowledge level of the parents (p <0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results of our study of parents' lack of knowledge about antibiotics in Turkey, though generally it shows proper attitude and behavior. It shows that some of the restrictions imposed by the National Action Plan are partially working. However, it is still necessary to continue to inform parents, pediatricians and pharmacists about the use of antibiotics, and to be more sensitive about the prescribing of antibiotics, and if necessary, sanctions should be imposed by the state in order to prevent unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.

scholarly journals MULTIPLE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE INDEXING OF NON- FERMENTING GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Bhuvaneshwari Gunasekar
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
Surgery Department

Objective: The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexing and finding Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria will help to indicate the origin from high risk of contamination where the antibiotics are often used. Hence this study was carried out to give the MAR index of non-fermenting Gram negative bacilli in a tertiary care hospital which would help our infection control team also.Methods: Drug resistance was tested by Kirby bauer’s disc diffusion method. MAR index was calculated using the formula, a/b (were a= number of antibiotics to which the organism was resistant and b= total number of antibiotics to which the organism was tested).Results: Out of 240 Gram negative non-fermenters isolated, 117 (49%) strains were greater than 0.2 of MAR index, 95(81%) was from in-patient department. 73(62%) were hospitalized for more than 3 days, 44 (38%) was from surgery department. 49(42%) was wound specimen. Out of 117 multiple antibiotic resistant isolates 99 (85%) were MDR isolates.Conclusion: 51% prevalence of isolates >0.2 MAR index shows that the source of contamination can still be brought up down by proper surveillance and management with proper usage of  surface and skin disinfectants especially in surgery ward where the MAR index has indicated more usage of antibiotics

scholarly journals Spectrum and antibiotic resistance of uropathogens between 2004 and 2015 in a tertiary care hospital in Hungary

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Magyar ◽  
Béla Köves ◽  
Károly Nagy ◽  
András Dobák ◽  
Vinodh Kumar Adithyaa Arthanareeswaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital
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