scholarly journals Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Noil Hemp Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites by Resin Modification and Fiber Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zili Yan ◽  
Jianchun Zhang ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Interfacial Bonding ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Hydrophobically Modified ◽  
Fiber Treatment ◽  
Fibre Treatment ◽  
Adhesion Factor

The present study aims to improve the reinforcement of hemp fibre to polypropylene (PP) by simple resin modification and fibre treatment. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used as resin modifier by direct mixing with PP, and hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMHEC) was used as fibre treatment reagent by immersing fibre into its aqueous solution. The influences of fibre content, resin modification, and fibre treatment on the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact strengths) of composites were investigated. The change of interfacial bonding between fibre and resin in composites caused by MAPP and HMHEC was studied by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis. Resin modification and fibre treatment were effective to enhance the mechanical properties of the composites. The improvement in interfacial bonding is quantitatively evaluated with adhesion factor.

Revaluation of Australian palm residues in polypropylene composites: Statistical influence of fiber treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 002199832096053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelle C Zanini ◽  
Rennan FS Barbosa ◽  
Alana G de Souza ◽  
Derval S Rosa ◽  
Daniella R Mulinari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
Fiber Treatment ◽  
Fiber Matrix

Australian palm residues are generated by palm heart industry in large quantities and are considered an underused material with a composition rich in lignocellulosic structures. This residue is generally utilized as briquettes for energy or sheep feed; however, few works investigate this residue as composite fillers. This work aimed to revalue Australian palm residues (PR) by preparing polypropylene composites through melt mixing, using different fiber contents (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt%), and evaluate the statistical influence of fibers (residues) alkali treatment (MPR) in composites mechanical properties. PR and MPR were evaluated by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and composites were assessed using thermal and mechanical analysis, in which ANOVA statistical analysis was applied. The residues addition increased the mechanical properties and their treatment enhanced the stiffness of the composites compared to pristine PP. However, ANOVA demonstrated that at low residues contents, surface treatment does not increase fiber-matrix interactions effectively, then tensile properties were statistically similar to PP. Considering tensile properties, 20% MPR showed statistically distinct properties, with significative enhancements; no filler contents dependence was verified. Flexural properties were more sensitive to residue loading, and composites with 30% PR and MPR presented superior mechanical performance. This difference is associated with a higher sensitivity of tensile stress towards fiber-matrix interactions, which was improved with fiber treatment. Also, the residues content and treatment influenced the composites' thermal stability, with better results for PP-MPR. Results indicate that palm residue is an excellent filler for improving composites' thermal and mechanical properties, with a greener character.

scholarly journals Studies on Hemp and Recycled Aggregate Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer Ghosn ◽  
Nour Cherkawi ◽  
Bilal Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Silane Treatment ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Fiber Treatment

Abstract This paper reports on the first phase of a multi-phase research program conducted at the American University of Beirut (AUB) on “Hemp and Recycled Aggregates Concrete” (HRAC). HRAC is a new sustainable concrete material where hemp fibers are incorporated in the mix, the coarse aggregate content is reduced by 20% of the concrete volume, and 50% of the natural coarse aggregates (NCA) are replaced by recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), thus saving on natural resources and addressing the problem of waste material disposal. The effect of the new material on concrete consistency and hardened mechanical properties was studied. Also, few durability tests were conducted. Variables included percentage replacement of NCA by RCA (0 or 50%), maximum size aggregate (10 or 20 mm), hemp fiber length (20 or 30 mm), and hemp fiber treatment (alkali or silane or acetyl). Fiber characterization tests were conducted including morphology, crystallinity, and thermal analysis. The tests indicated that alkali and acetyl fiber treatments were better than the silane treatment in removing impurities on the fiber surface. Also, alkali and acetyl treatments have increased the crystallinity of the fibers while silane treatment decreased it. Results of mechanical properties tests showed that while HRAC has considerable lower compressive strength and modulus of elasticity than plain concrete, the flexural strength and splitting tensile strength are not significantly affected. The flexural stress–strain behavior of HRAC is ductile as compared to the brittle behavior of the plain concrete beams indicating positive impact on toughness and energy dissipation. The durability tests indicated that whereas HRAC mixes have higher absorption than plain concrete, they have better thermal properties and their resistance to freeze–thaw cycles is comparable to plain concrete. All test results were not significantly affected by fiber length or fiber treatment.

Enhancement of mechanical properties of composites made of calcium carbonate modified bamboo fibers and polypropylene

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Cheng ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Ge Wang ◽  
Sheldon Q. Shi ◽  
Shuangbao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Fiber Treatment ◽  
Bamboo Fibers ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Abstract The work aimed at the improvement of the mechanical properties of bamboo fiber-polypropylene composites (BaFPPC) by treatment of the fibers with CaCO3 at various concentrations of the solution (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mol l-1). CaCO3 particles were successfully deposited in situ to bamboo fibers by means of ionic reaction of Na2 CO3 and CaCl2 aqueous solution at various temperatures. Then BaFPPC were produced, and various tests on single fibers and the composites were performed. The compatibility between BaF and PP matrix was improved by the treatments. The crystallinity of inorganic materials was significantly affected by the reagent’s concentration. A 10.4% increase in tensile strength and a 16.7% increase in tensile modulus were observed after fiber treatment with CaCO3 at a concentration of 0.2 mol l-1.

Study of effect of wood-flour content on mechanical, thermal, rheological properties and thermoformability of wood-polypropylene composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Marathe ◽  
Hemant Joshi ◽  
Pratiksha Kambli ◽  
Pramod Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Small Amplitude Oscillatory Shear ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical

Abstract Wood plastic composites (WPC) were made from polypropylene (PP), impact copolymer (ICP) and wood flour (WF) by varying the WF content from 10 to 40% with PP grafted maleic anhydride as a coupling agent. The effect of varying WF content was studied on rheological, thermal, mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties. Experimental small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) data was compared with the Einstein–Batchelor and empirical Krieger–Dougherty relations. Significant dependence of mechanical and rheological properties on WF content was observed. Young’s modulus, flexural modulus and dynamic shear viscosity increased with WF content. Results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed increase in storage modulus with WF content. Three millimeter thick compression molded composites sheets were thermoformed using axisymmetric molds with two draw depths. Sag observed visually during thermoforming decreased with increasing WF content. Components made from the composites showed close to uniform thickness distribution as compared to those from ICP.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Green Recycled Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene (MAPP) Coupling Agent

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Izzati Zulkifli ◽  
Noorasikin Samat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
Tensile Impact

Recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose (rPP/MCC) composites were prepared by adding different loadings of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent. The tensile, impact and morphological properties of the composites were investigated. The obtained results show that the tensile and impact strengths of the composites were significantly enhanced with the addition of MAPP loading from 2 to 5 wt%, as compared with unfilled rPP/MCC composites. However, it was found that at low filler content, different amounts of MAPP resulted in no appreciable change in the tensile strength and modulus. Moreover, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results indicated that, increasing the amount of MAPP loading from 2 to 5 wt% in rPP/MCC provide better stiffness of the composite compared to those neat rPP and neat PP. Field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM) has shown that the composite, with MAPP loading, promotes better fibermatrix interaction.

Effect of carbon fiber amount and length on flame retardant and mechanical properties of intumescent polypropylene composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemiye Atabek Savas ◽  
Aysenur Mutlu ◽  
Ali Sinan Dike ◽  
Umit Tayfun ◽  
Mehmet Dogan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Index Value

The effects of carbon fiber amount and length were studied on the flame retardant, thermal, and mechanical properties of the intumescent polypropylene composites. The flame retardant properties of the intumescent polypropylene-based composites were investigated using limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test (UL-94), and mass loss calorimeter. The mechanical properties of the composites were studied using tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis. According to the flammability tests results, the antagonistic interaction was observed between carbon fiber and ammonium polyphosphate. The limiting oxygen index value reduced steadily as the added amount of carbon fiber increased. Mechanical test results revealed that the addition of carbon fiber increased the tensile strength and the elastic modulus as the added amount increased. No effect of carbon fiber length was observed on the flammability, fire performance, and tensile properties of composites, whereas the elastic modulus increased as the carbon fiber initial length increased.

Effect of Fiber Surface Modification with Different Functional Groups Silane Agents on Mechanical Properties of Hemps/Polypropylene Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 470 ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chang Han ◽  
X. Lu Gong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Propyl Methacrylate ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Sem Morphology

In this paper, we firstly treated the hemp fiber with alkali solution, followed by chemical modification with silane agents: 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (MPS), N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyaniline (PAPS) and (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APS), respectively. These treated fibers were then blended with polypropylene (PP). SEM morphology and FT-IR spectra confirmed the successful modifications of MPS, PAPS and APS with hemp fiber. The tensile tests results showed that APS improved the mechanical properties of composite, due to the amino of APS could react with maleic anhydride forming amide covalent bond which is benefit in the stress transferring from PP matrix to fiber. In contrast, since the incompatibility of aniline with propylene, PAPS modification decreased the fracture stress composites. The existences of ester and vinyl groups in MPS contributed to the increase of composite fracture strain caused by chain slips.

scholarly journals Hybridization of Hemp Fiber and Recycled-Carbon Fiber in Polypropylene Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niyati Shah ◽  
Joseph Fehrenbach ◽  
Chad A. Ulven
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Composites

In recent years there has been a substantial growth in the use of natural fiber reinforced composite in more advanced applications. However, high strength applications require high mechanical properties. Hybridization of natural fibers with synthetic fibers is an effective method of increasing the field of application and mechanical properties. The effects of hybridizing hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fiber with recycled-carbon fiber were investigated in this study to determine the trends in mechanical properties resulting from varied weight fractions. Characterization of void content was accomplished using micro computed tomography (micro-CT). Through hybridizing hemp fiber and recycled carbon fiber in a polypropylene thermoplastic, a new class of high performance, low cost composites were demonstrated for injection molding applications. This study showcased a 10–15% increase in tensile strength after the reinforcement of recycled-carbon fiber with hemp fiber. A 30–35% increase was observed in the flexure strength after the reinforcement of recycled-carbon fiber with hemp fiber. Impact strength also had an increase of 35–40% for hemp fiber reinforced recycled-carbon fiber polypropylene composites.

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