scholarly journals An Insight into the “-Omics” Based Engineering of Streptomycetes for Secondary Metabolite Overproduction

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Dipesh Dhakal ◽  
Jae Kyung Sohng
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Strain Development ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Chemical Factory ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

Microorganisms produce a range of chemical substances representing a vast diversity of fascinating molecular architectures not available in any other system. Among them,Streptomycesare frequently used to produce useful enzymes and a wide variety of secondary metabolites with potential biological activities.Streptomycesare preferred over other microorganisms for producing more than half of the clinically useful naturally originating pharmaceuticals. However, these compounds are usually produced in very low amounts (or not at all) under typical laboratory conditions. Despite the superiority ofStreptomyces, they still lack well documented genetic information and a large number of in-depth molecular biological tools for strain improvement. Previous attempts to produce high yielding strains required selection of the genetic material through classical mutagenesis for commercial production of secondary metabolites, optimizing culture conditions, and random selection. However, a profound effect on the strategy for strain development has occurred with the recent advancement of whole-genome sequencing, systems biology, and genetic engineering. In this review, we demonstrate a few of the major issues related to the potential of “-omics” technology (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) for improving streptomycetes as an intelligent chemical factory for enhancing the production of useful bioactive compounds.

Cytotoxicity and Anti-cancer Activity of the Genus Achillea L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (41) ◽  
pp. 6910-6925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantina Papakosta ◽  
Maria-Eleni Grafakou ◽  
Christina Barda ◽  
Ioannis V. Kostopoulos ◽  
Ourania Tsitsilonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
Selection Of

Background: The genus Achillea L. is rich in bioactive sesquiterpenes and flavonoids; most of the studied species exhibit several biological activities and are used as emmenagogue, wound healing and analgesic agents. Some species are also used in local folklore medicine. Objective: Following a literature survey, we discuss the anti-cancer properties of Achillea species, taking into consideration ethnopharmacological data on their use in traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer. In addition, we screened extracts and isolated secondary metabolites from A. coarctata for cytotoxicity, upon information based on local traditional medicine. The plant was collected in Kozani (Northern Greece), where it is locally used for treating gastrointestinal disorders, including stomach cancer. Methods: A selection of the relevant data was performed through a search in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases. In addition, extracts and isolated compounds from A. coarctata were tested for their in vitro activity against the human cancer cell lines MCF-7 and HeLa. Conclusion: The genus Achillea L. is a valuable source of bioactive secondary metabolites. The most significant outcome of the investigation of medicinal plants is the documentation and the assessment of the traditional information and its use and perspectives in the light of modern pharmacology.

scholarly journals Endophytic Fungi from Terminalia Species: A Comprehensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo ◽  
Fabrice Fekam Boyom
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Insight Into

Endophytic fungi have proven their usefulness for drug discovery, as suggested by the structural complexity and chemical diversity of their secondary metabolites. The diversity and biological activities of endophytic fungi from the Terminalia species have been reported. Therefore, we set out to discuss the influence of seasons, locations, and even the plant species on the diversity of endophytic fungi, as well as their biological activities and secondary metabolites isolated from potent strains. Our investigation reveals that among the 200–250 Terminalia species reported, only thirteen species have been studied so far for their endophytic fungi content. Overall, more than 47 fungi genera have been reported from the Terminalia species, and metabolites produced by some of these fungi exhibited diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anticancer, and biocontrol varieties. Moreover, more than 40 compounds with eighteen newly described secondary metabolites were reported; among these, metabolites are the well-known anticancer drugs, a group that includes taxol, antioxidant compounds, isopestacin, and pestacin. This summary of data illustrates the considerable diversity and biological potential of fungal endophytes of the Terminalia species and gives insight into important findings while paving the way for future investigations.

Recent advancement in the discovery and development of COX-2 inhibitors: Insight into biological activities and SAR studies (2008–2019)

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 103007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrinda Sharma ◽  
Parth Bhatia ◽  
Ozair Alam ◽  
Mohd. Javed Naim ◽  
Farah Nawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sar Studies ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Discovery of a polybrominated aromatic secondary metabolite from a planctomycete points at an ambivalent interaction with its macroalgae host

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Panter ◽  
Ronald Garcia ◽  
Angela Thewes ◽  
Nestor Zaburannyi ◽  
Boyke Bunk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Plant Toxin

AbstractThe roles of the majority of bacterial secondary metabolites, especially those from uncommon sources are yet elusive even though many of these compounds show striking biological activities. To further investigate the secondary metabolite repertoire of underexploited bacterial families, we chose to analyze a novel representative of the yet untapped bacterial phylum Planctomycetes for the production of secondary metabolites under laboratory culture conditions. Development of a planctomycetal high density cultivation technique in combination with high resolution mass spectrometric analysis revealed Planctomycetales strain 10988 to produce the plant toxin 3,5 dibromo p-anisic acid. This molecule represents the first secondary metabolite reported from any planctomycete. Genome mining revealed the biosynthetic origin of this doubly brominated secondary metabolite and a biosynthesis model for the com-pound was devised. Comparison of the biosynthetic route to biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for formation of polybrominated small aromatic compounds reveals evidence for an evolutionary link, while the compound’s herbicidal activity points towards an ambivalent role of the metabolite in the planctomycetal ecosystem.

scholarly journals Progress in Research on Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Deep-Sea Derived Microorganisms

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Nan Wang ◽  
Ling-Hong Meng ◽  
Bin-Gui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms

Deep sea has an extreme environment which leads to biodiversity of microorganisms and their unique physical and biochemical mechanisms. Deep-sea derived microorganisms are more likely to produce novel bioactive substances with special mechanism of action for drug discovery. This article reviews secondary metabolites with biological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory isolated from deep-sea fungi and bacteria during 2018–2020. Effective methods for screening and obtaining natural active compounds from deep-sea microorganisms are also summarized, including optimizing the culture conditions, using genome mining technology, biosynthesis and so on. The comprehensive application of these methods makes broader prospects for the development and application of deep sea microbial bioactive substances.

scholarly journals Biological Efficacy of Cochlioquinone-9, a Natural Plant Defense Compound for White-Backed Planthopper Control in Rice

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Yoon-Hee Jang ◽  
Sopheap Yun ◽  
Jae-Ryoung Park ◽  
Eun-Gyeong Kim ◽  
Byoung-Ju Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Defense Compound ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Global Food Supply

Rice is exposed to various biotic stresses in the natural environment. The white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera, WBPH) is a pest that causes loss of rice yield and threatens the global food supply. In most cases, pesticides are used to control WBPH. However, excessive use of pesticides increases pesticide resistance to pests and causes environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop natural product-based pesticides to control WBPH. Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites for protection. Secondary metabolites act as a defense against pathogens and pests and are valuable as pesticides and breeding materials. Cochlioquinone is a secondary metabolite that exhibits various biological activities, has a negative effect on the growth and development of insects, and contributes to plant defense. Here, we compared plant growth after treatment with cochlioquinone-9 (cq-9), a quinone family member. cq-9 improved the ability of plants to resist WBPH and had an effect on plant growth. Gene expression analysis revealed that cq-9 interacts with various defense-related genes to confer resistance to WBPH, suggesting that it is related to flavonoid compounds. Overall, this study provides insight into the mechanisms of WBPH resistance and suggests that cq-9 represents an environmentally friendly agent for WBPH control.

Recent Advancement in the One-Pot Synthesis of the Tri-Substituted Methanes (TRSMs) and Their Biological Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Verma ◽  
Ajay Thakur ◽  
Renu Sharma ◽  
Ruchi Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
One Pot ◽  
One Pot Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into

: The history of tri-substituted methanes (TRSMs) in chemical industries is much older. Tri-substituted methanes were previously used as dyes in the chemical industries. Still, there is a significant surge in researchers' interest in them due to their wide range of bioactivities. Tri-substituted methane derivatives show a wide range of biological activities like anti-tumor, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic activities. Due to the wide range of medicinal applications shown by tri-substituted methanes, most of the methodologies reported in the literature for the synthesis of TRSMs are focused on the one-pot method. This review explored the recently reported one-pot processes for synthesizing tri-substituted methanes and their various medicinal applications. Based on the substitution attached to the -CH carbon, this review categorizes them into two major classes: (I) symmetrical and (II) unsymmetrical trisubstituted methanes. In addition, this review gives an insight into the growing opportunities for the construction of trisubstituted scaffolds via one-pot methodologies. To the best of our knowledge, no one has yet reported a review on the one-pot synthesis of TRSMs. Therefore, here we present a brief literature review of the synthesis of both symmetrical and unsymmetrical TRSMs covering various one-pot methodologies along with their medicinal applications.

scholarly journals Insight into secondary metabolites of Stachybotrys, Memnoniella, Doratomyces and Graphium between benefits and harmful

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Waill A. Elkhateeb ◽  
Ghoson M. Daba
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Insight Into

Stachybotrys, Memnoniella, Doratomyces and Graphium all these genera belonging to Class: Sordariomycetes. This review is to demonstrate description, ecology, and secondary metabolites from Stachybotrys, Memnoniella, Doratomyces and Graphium and some of their reported biological activities. Besides, describing the importance and potentials of those fungi in order to encourage for further studies to each genus metabolites and purify already known metabolites.

Synthesis, Characterization and Antiproliferative Activity Assessment of a Novel 1H-5-mercapto-1,2,4 Triazole Derivative

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Mioc ◽  
Sorin Avram ◽  
Vasile Bercean ◽  
Mihaela Balan Porcarasu ◽  
Codruta Soica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Triazole Derivative ◽  
Activity Assessment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Selection Of

Angiogenesis plays an important function in tumor proliferation, one of the main angiogenic promoters being the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which activates specific receptors, particularly VEGFR-2. Thus, VEGFR-2 has become an essential therapeutic target in the development of new antitumor drugs. 1,2,4-triazoles show a wide range of biological activities, including antitumor effect, which was documented by numerous reports. In the current study the selection of 5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole structure (1H-3-styryl-5-benzylidenehydrazino-carbonyl-methylsulfanil-1,2,4-triazole, Tz3a.7) was conducted based on molecular docking that emphasized it as suitable ligand for VEGFR-2 and EGFR1 receptors. Compound Tz3a.7 was synthesized and physicochemically and biologically evaluated thus revealing a moderate antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.

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