scholarly journals Biological Efficacy of Cochlioquinone-9, a Natural Plant Defense Compound for White-Backed Planthopper Control in Rice

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Yoon-Hee Jang ◽  
Sopheap Yun ◽  
Jae-Ryoung Park ◽  
Eun-Gyeong Kim ◽  
Byoung-Ju Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Defense Compound ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Global Food Supply

Rice is exposed to various biotic stresses in the natural environment. The white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera, WBPH) is a pest that causes loss of rice yield and threatens the global food supply. In most cases, pesticides are used to control WBPH. However, excessive use of pesticides increases pesticide resistance to pests and causes environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop natural product-based pesticides to control WBPH. Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites for protection. Secondary metabolites act as a defense against pathogens and pests and are valuable as pesticides and breeding materials. Cochlioquinone is a secondary metabolite that exhibits various biological activities, has a negative effect on the growth and development of insects, and contributes to plant defense. Here, we compared plant growth after treatment with cochlioquinone-9 (cq-9), a quinone family member. cq-9 improved the ability of plants to resist WBPH and had an effect on plant growth. Gene expression analysis revealed that cq-9 interacts with various defense-related genes to confer resistance to WBPH, suggesting that it is related to flavonoid compounds. Overall, this study provides insight into the mechanisms of WBPH resistance and suggests that cq-9 represents an environmentally friendly agent for WBPH control.

Associated microflora of medicinal ferns: biotechnological potentials and possible applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 4927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhi Srivastava ◽  
Paul A. K.
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Plant associated microorganisms that colonize the upper and internal tissues of roots, stems, leaves and flowers of healthy plants without causing any visible harmful or negative effect on their host. Diversity of microbes have been extensively studied in a wide variety of vascular plants and shown to promote plant establishment, growth and development and impart resistance against pathogenic infections. Ferns and their associated microbes have also attracted the attention of the scientific communities as sources of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. The ferns and fern alleles, which are well adapted to diverse environmental conditions, produce various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoid compounds, variety of amino acids and fatty acids along with some unique metabolites as adaptive features and are traditionally used for human health and medicine. In this review attention has been focused to prepare a comprehensive account of ethnomedicinal properties of some common ferns and fern alleles. Association of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere of these medicinally important ferns and their interaction with the host plant has been emphasized keeping in view their possible biotechnological potentials and applications. The processes of host-microbe interaction leading to establishment and colonization of endophytes are less-well characterized in comparison to rhizospheric and phyllospheric microflora. However, the endophytes are possessing same characteristics as rhizospheric and phyllospheric to stimulate the in vivo synthesis as well as in vitro production of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities such as plant growth promotion by production of phytohormones, siderophores, fixation of nitrogen, and phosphate solubilization. Synthesis of pharmaceutically important products such as anticancer compounds, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antiviral substances and hydrolytic enzymes could be some of the promising areas of research and commercial exploitation.

scholarly journals Trichoderma Secondary Metabolites that Affect Plant Metabolism

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Vinale ◽  
Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam ◽  
Emilio L. Ghisalberti ◽  
Michelina Ruocco ◽  
Sheridan Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Plant Growth Promoters

Recently, there have been many exciting new developments relating to the use of Trichoderma spp. as agents for biocontrol of pathogens and as plant growth promoters. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the positive effects of these microorganisms on the plant host. One factor that contributes to their beneficial biological activities is related to the wide variety of metabolites that they produce. These metabolites have been found not only to directly inhibit the growth and pathogenic activities of the parasites, but also to increase disease resistance by triggering the system of defence in the plant host. In addition, these metabolites are also capable of enhancing plant growth, which enables the plant to counteract the disease with compensatory vegetative growth by the augmented production of root and shoot systems. This review takes into account the Trichoderma secondary metabolites that affect plant metabolism and that may play an important role in the complex interactions of this biocontrol agent with the plant and pathogens.

scholarly journals Endophytic Fungi from Terminalia Species: A Comprehensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo ◽  
Fabrice Fekam Boyom
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Insight Into

Endophytic fungi have proven their usefulness for drug discovery, as suggested by the structural complexity and chemical diversity of their secondary metabolites. The diversity and biological activities of endophytic fungi from the Terminalia species have been reported. Therefore, we set out to discuss the influence of seasons, locations, and even the plant species on the diversity of endophytic fungi, as well as their biological activities and secondary metabolites isolated from potent strains. Our investigation reveals that among the 200–250 Terminalia species reported, only thirteen species have been studied so far for their endophytic fungi content. Overall, more than 47 fungi genera have been reported from the Terminalia species, and metabolites produced by some of these fungi exhibited diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anticancer, and biocontrol varieties. Moreover, more than 40 compounds with eighteen newly described secondary metabolites were reported; among these, metabolites are the well-known anticancer drugs, a group that includes taxol, antioxidant compounds, isopestacin, and pestacin. This summary of data illustrates the considerable diversity and biological potential of fungal endophytes of the Terminalia species and gives insight into important findings while paving the way for future investigations.

scholarly journals An Insight into the “-Omics” Based Engineering of Streptomycetes for Secondary Metabolite Overproduction

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Dipesh Dhakal ◽  
Jae Kyung Sohng
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Strain Development ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Chemical Factory ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

Microorganisms produce a range of chemical substances representing a vast diversity of fascinating molecular architectures not available in any other system. Among them,Streptomycesare frequently used to produce useful enzymes and a wide variety of secondary metabolites with potential biological activities.Streptomycesare preferred over other microorganisms for producing more than half of the clinically useful naturally originating pharmaceuticals. However, these compounds are usually produced in very low amounts (or not at all) under typical laboratory conditions. Despite the superiority ofStreptomyces, they still lack well documented genetic information and a large number of in-depth molecular biological tools for strain improvement. Previous attempts to produce high yielding strains required selection of the genetic material through classical mutagenesis for commercial production of secondary metabolites, optimizing culture conditions, and random selection. However, a profound effect on the strategy for strain development has occurred with the recent advancement of whole-genome sequencing, systems biology, and genetic engineering. In this review, we demonstrate a few of the major issues related to the potential of “-omics” technology (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) for improving streptomycetes as an intelligent chemical factory for enhancing the production of useful bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals The Effects of Halomonas sp. and Azotobacter sp. on Ameliorating the Adverse Effect of Salinity in Purple Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arghavan Salimi ◽  
Mohammad Etemadi ◽  
Saeid Eshghi ◽  
Akbar Karami ◽  
Javad Alizargar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Nacl Salinity ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

The role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on enhancing tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses is well reported, but the effects of RGPRs on plants under salinity stress are not widely studied in the literature. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of Halomonas sp. and Azotobacter sp. on antioxidant activity, secondary metabolites, and biochemicals changes of purple basil under salinity stress conditions. The applied salt concentrations in this study were 50, 100, and 150 mM sodium chloride (NaCl). Salinity stress had a negative effect on plant growth parameters. Moreover, a reduction in some of the osmolytes and oxidative stress markers was observed. Inoculated plants ameliorated the oxidative damage by reducing the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and by increasing osmolytes (proline, total proteins, and soluble sugars), antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) and secondary metabolites (flavonoids). Overall, among treatments, plants inoculated with Azotobacter showed a better impact on physiological attributes to alleviate the adverse effects of 150 mM NaCl salinity stress on basil growth.

Application of Chitosan in Plant Defense Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasinee Pongprayoon ◽  
Thanapoom Siringam ◽  
Atikorn Panya ◽  
Sittiruk Roytrakul
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress

Chitosan, a copolymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine, which possesses properties that make it useful in various fields, is produced by the deacetylation of chitin derivatives. It is used in agriculture as a biostimulant for plant growth and protection, it also induces several responsive genes, proteins, and secondary metabolites in plants. Chitosan elicits a signal transduction pathway and transduces secondary molecules such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide. Under biotic stress, chitosan can stimulate phytoalexins, pathogenesis-related proteins, and proteinase inhibitors. Pretreatment of chitosan before exposure to abiotic stresses (drought, salt, and heat) induces plant growth, production of antioxidant enzymes, secondary metabolites, and abscisic acid (ABA). It also causes changes in physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of the plant cells. However, plant responses depend on different chitosan-based structures, concentrations, species, and developmental stages. This review collects updated information on chitosan applications, particularly in plant defense responses to biotic and abiotic stress conditions.

scholarly journals Secrets of plants: Endophytes

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asiya Nazir ◽  
Habeeb Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
The Impact

Endophytic fungi are an important component that colonizes in healthy tissues of living plants and can be readily isolated from any microbial or plant growth medium. They act as reservoirs of novel bioactive secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, phenolic acids, quinones, steroids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids that serve as a potential candidate for antimicrobial, anti-insect, anticancer and many more properties. Their huge diversity and particular habituation, they can provide a good area for research in the field of making new medicines and novel drug-like molecules. Because of the impact of endophytes on host plant by enhancing their growth or increasing their fitness, also making them tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses and holding the secondary metabolites, endophytes are gaining attention as a subject for research. This review aims to comprehend the contribution and uses of endophytes and relationships between endophytic fungi and their host medicinal plants.

scholarly journals Insight into secondary metabolites of Stachybotrys, Memnoniella, Doratomyces and Graphium between benefits and harmful

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Waill A. Elkhateeb ◽  
Ghoson M. Daba
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Insight Into

Stachybotrys, Memnoniella, Doratomyces and Graphium all these genera belonging to Class: Sordariomycetes. This review is to demonstrate description, ecology, and secondary metabolites from Stachybotrys, Memnoniella, Doratomyces and Graphium and some of their reported biological activities. Besides, describing the importance and potentials of those fungi in order to encourage for further studies to each genus metabolites and purify already known metabolites.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document