scholarly journals Subclinical Ketosis on Dairy Cows in Transition Period in Farms with Contrasting Butyric Acid Contents in Silages

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Vicente ◽  
María Luisa Rodríguez ◽  
Adela Martínez-Fernández ◽  
Ana Soldado ◽  
Alejandro Argamentería ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis

This study examines the relationship between subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows and the butyric acid content of the silage used in their feeding. Twenty commercial farms were monitored over a period of 12 months. The feed at each farm and the silages used in its ration were sampled monthly for proximal analysis and for volatile fatty acid analysis. A total of 2857 urine samples were taken from 1112 cows to examine the ketonuria from about 30 days prepartum to 100 postpartum. Wide variation was recorded in the quality of silages used in the preparation of diets. Approximately 80% of the urine samples analyzed had no detectable ketone bodies, 16% returned values indicative of slight SCK, and the remainder, 4%, showed symptoms of ketosis. Most of the cases of hyperkenuria were associated with the butyric acid content of the silage used (r2=0.56;P<0.05). As the metabolizable energy content of the feed was similar, no relationship was observed between the proportion of cows with SCK and the energy content of the feed. In our study, the probability of dairy cows suffering SCK is higher when they are eating feed made from silage with a high butyric acid content (35.2 g/kg DM intake).

Detection of Subclinical Ketosis in Urine of Cattle and Buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishtha Kushwah ◽  
Mahendra Singh ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Sahiwal Cows

Background: Subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows is a common metabolic disorder and a strong determinant of the health and performance of cows throughout lactation. Considerable amount of milk loss takes place with SCK incidence in dairy animals. Greater benefits are to be gained by monitoring the cows for SCK. The current study was aimed to find out incidence of SCK by urine test strip (Keto-Diastix). Methods: The present investigation was carried out on crossbred and Sahiwal cows and Murrah buffaloes (n=180) of the institute herd and rural dairy farms (n=97) around Karnal. The urine samples were tested for subclinical ketosis (SCK) 5-60 days postpartum from August 2019 to March 2020. Meteriological data on wet and dry bulb temperature and ambient temperature was collected and THI was calculated. Data of SCK incidence was classified based on stages of early lactation (5-20, 21-40 and 41-60d), parity (I, II, III and above), seasons (hot-humid, autumn, winter and spring) and milk production level ( less than 10kg, 10-20 kg and greater than 20 kg/d). Milk yield and environment variables were recorded during the experiment. Urine ketone and glucose level was detected by keto-Diastix to find out incidence of SCK. Result: Mean level of ketone bodies in urine was higher (P less than 0.01) in high yielding cows as compared to the medium yielders; however it did not vary in buffaloes. Ketone bodies in urine were high (P less than 0.01) in crossbred cows than that of buffaloes and Sahiwal cows. Urine glucose level did not vary among cows and buffaloes. It is concluded that high producing crossbred cows are more vulnerable to SCK between 41-60d of lactation and in III parity and above due to peak milk production. Sahiwal cows and buffaloes suffer less from SCK probably due to medium level of milk production. Factors like high milk yield, higher parity and hot-humid stress makes the animal more vulnerable to SCK. The screening of urine samples of animals at monthly intervals may be practiced by the farmers to monitor the incidence of SCK.

scholarly journals METHOD OF INCREASING BY ENERGY SATURATION OF HIGH-PRODUCTIVE COWS DIETES

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Александр Головин ◽  
Aleksandr Golovin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Energy Saturation ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the research is increase the concentration of energy in the dry matter of cows diets with a productivity of 7-8 thousand kg of milk per year in the first third of lactation with the use of dry palm fats prepared by various technologies. In the experiment carried out on three groups of Holstein dams cows of Black-Motley Breed with the productivity of about 7.500 kg of milk per year for 9 cows each, it was found that the inclusion of dry palm fat (II experimental group – 300 g of fractionated fat with a predominance of saturated fatty acids and III experimental group – 368 g of fat in the form of calcium salt) in the composition of the rations of cows experimental groups with the aim of balancing the metabolizable energy content to the level of crude fat in an amount of 5% of the dry matter, has no adverse effect on dry matter intake of the ration, the digestibility of nutrients of feed and the use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus. The result of balancing the ration of cows of the experimental groups the concentration of metabolizable energy in dry matter from 10.3 MJ/kg in the control to 10.7 MJ/kg in the experimental groups, the increase in cow milk yield, standard (4%) fat content for 100 days of lactation was 8.8% (P≤0.05) and 7.6% increase in the yield of milk fat and protein. Feed costs per 1 kg of milk of cows of experimental groups, expressed in exchange energy, were below control by 3.7 and 2.6%, respectively. According to the results of biochemical blood tests, against the background of the tendency of increasing the intensity of nitrogenic and lipid metabolism, a significant decrease in the concentration of ketone bodies in the blood of cows of experimental groups was found. Feeding by dry palm fats in tested quantities does not reduce the reproductive function of cows and is economically justified.

Energy balance in transition cows and its association with health, reproduction and milk production

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (06) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakao ◽  
M. Hoedemaker ◽  
C. Furken
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Loose Body ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Time Periods

SummaryObjective: It was the purpose of this study to determine the effects of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations at different time periods of the transition period as well as lactation number on metabolism, health, reproduction and milk production in dairy cows. Material and methods: This trial was conducted in a single dairy herd located in Northern Germany. Of the herd, which comprised 330 lactating Holstein cows housed in a free stall barn and fed a total mixed ration (TMR), 83 primiparous and multiparous cows were randomly selected. Animals were checked for body condition score (BCS), locomo tion score, calving data, quality of colostrum, reproductive measures, daily rectal temperature of the first 10 days post-partum (p. p.), health data and culling rates up to 200 days in milk (DIM) as well as milk production until 305 DIM. Three different time periods were considered: 3 and 1 week ante partum (a. p.); partus and 1 week p. p.; 3 weeks p. p. Results: Animals with NEFA concentrations 0.4 mmol/l ante partum had a higher risk of no ovarian activity in week 5 p. p. and of subclinical ketosis post partum than cows with lower NEFA concentrations (p < 0.05). Cows with NEFA concentrations 1.1 mmol/l in week 1 p. p., in comparison to those with lower NEFA concentrations, showed a higher prevalence of clinical ketosis (24.1% vs. 5.9%), subclinical ketosis (62.1% vs. 34.0%) and culling rate within 200 DIM (34.5% vs. 14.0%) (p < 0.05). Cows with NEFA concentrations 0.3 mmol/l at week 3 p. p. had higher 100- and 305-day milk yields than cows with lower NEFA concentrations (p < 0.05). First lactating heifers were at higher risk to loose body condition ante partum, of dystocia, fever within the first 10 DIM, metritis, clinical and subclinical ketosis as well as to develop a disease within the first 30 DIM (p < 0.05). Multipara were more likely to loose body condition after calving, to a prolonged calving to first service interval and to higher milk yields (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion increased NEFA concentrations during the transition period as well as parity can have an influence on health, production and reproduction of dairy cows.

scholarly journals Energetic status of crossbreed dairy cows during transition period in two different seasons

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1327-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Moreira ◽  
E. J. Facury Filho ◽  
R. M. Meneses ◽  
F. L. M. Mendonça ◽  
J. A. M. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Different Seasons

ABSTRACTWe used 31 crossbreed dairy cows to compare the energetic profile in summer and winter. Blood samples were taken weekly prepartum, at calving and on days 2, 5, 10, 15, 21 and 30 postpartum. All metabolic indicators analyzed were influenced by the physiological status. The glucose concentrations were higher during winter while the triglyceride concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were higher in the summer. The season influenced the concentrations of cholesterol, AST and GGT, showing a different pattern between summer and winter. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hidroxibutirate (BHB) were not influenced by the season. Cows that calved during winter had a greater body condition score (BCS) and lost more BCS until calving. During summer, 32.26% of the animals and 29.03% during winter had NEFA concentrations above the optimum level and 22.58% of the animals in summer and 19.35% in the winter had subclinical ketosis at some point during the transition period, making then more susceptible to diseases.

scholarly journals Use of a glycogenic precursor during the prepartum period and its effects upon metabolic indicators and reproductive parameters in dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-420
Author(s):  
Carlos Leyva Orasma ◽  
Jesús Jaime Benitez-Rivas ◽  
Juan Luis Morales Cruz ◽  
Cesar Alberto Meza-Herrera ◽  
Oscar Ángel-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Retained Placenta

The aim was to evaluate if 1-2 propanodiol plus calcium propionate (glycogenic precursor) supplementation during the transition period in high yielding dairy cows reduces metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions during early lactation. Cows (n=202) where divided into two homogeneous groups regarding number of lactations and body condition score. 1) Treated Group (GG; n=112) received 60g/cow/day  15d of a glycogenic precursor during the transition period. 2) Control Group (GC; n = 90) received no treatment. Postpartum levels of BHB (GG= 0.9±0.2 mmol/L vs GC =1.3±0.2 mmol/L; P < 0.05), and NEFA (GG= 0.6 ± 0.1 mEq/L vs GC = 0.8 ± 0.1 mEq/L; P < 0.05) were higher for GC. Likewise, GC-cows had a higher percentage of retained placenta (23% vs. 13%; P ≤ 0.06) subclinical ketosis (GG = 10%, GC = 56%; P < 0.05), and mastitis (GG = 8%, GC = 16%; P < 0.05). Metritis, dystocia, abortions, clinical ketosis, hypocalcemia and ruminal acidosis showed no differences. Administration of a glycogenic precursor during the transition period demonstrated a positive effect upon BHB and NEFA blood levels during early lactation. Also, levels of subclinical ketosis and retained placenta were reduced.

scholarly journals Metabolic evaluation of dairy cows submitted to three different strategies to decrease the effects of negative energy balance in early postpartum

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra M.B García ◽  
Felipe C Cardoso ◽  
Rómulo Campos ◽  
Diego X Thedy ◽  
Félix H.D González
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis

In early lactation dairy cattle suffer metabolic alterations caused by negative energy balance, which predisposes to fatty liver and ketosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic condition of high yielding dairy cows subjected to three treatments for preventing severe lipomobilization and ketosis in early lactation. Fifty four multiparous Holstein cows yielding >30 L/day were divided into four groups: control (CN= no treatment), glucose precursor (PG= propylene-glycol), hepatic protector (Mp= Mercepton®), and energy supplement with salts of linolenic and linoleic faty acids (Mg-E= Megalac-E®). Treatments were administrated randomly at moment of calving until 8 weeks postpartum. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 postpartum. Body condition score (BCS) was evaluated at the same periods and milk yield was recorded at 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks of lactation. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin, AST, ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), cholesterol, glucose, total protein, urea and triglycerides were analyzed in blood samples. Cut-off points for subclinical ketosis were defined when BHBA >1.4 mmol/L and NEFA >0.7 mmol/L. General occurrence of subclinical ketosis was 24% during the period. An ascendant curve of cholesterol and glucose was observed from the 1st to the 8th week of lactation, while any tendency was observed with BHBA and NEFA, although differences among treatments were detected (p<0.05). BCS decreased from a mean of 3.85 at 1st week to 2.53 at 8th week of lactation (p=0.001). Milk yield was higher in the Mg-E group compared with the other treatment groups (p<0.05) Compared with the CN group, the treatments with Mp and PG did not show significant differences in blood biochemistry and milk yield. Cows receiving PG and Mg-E showed higher values of BHBA and NEFA (P<0.05), indicating accentuated lipomobilization. Supplementation with Mg-E also resulted in significant higher concentrations of cholesterol, BHBA, urea, AST and lower values of glycemia. This performance may be explained by the highest milk yield observed with this treatment. Treatments with PG and Mp did not improve milk yield, compared with control cows, but did not show metabolic evidence of ketosis, fat mobilization or fatty liver. These results suggest that treatment with Mg-E improves milk production but induces a higher negative energy balance leading to moderated lipomobilization and ketone bodies production, increasing the risk of fatty liver.

The effects of protein and energy content of compound supplements offered at low levels to October-calving dairy cows given grass silage ad libitum

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. D. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractNinety-six October calving, multiparous Friesian dairy cows were given from week 2 of lactation perennial ryegrass silage ad libitum, supplemented with one of four compound foods, offered at a flat rate of 3 kg/day. The compound foods differed in crude protein (CP) concentration (210 (LP) and 350 (HP) g/kg dry matter (DM)), achieved by including fish meal at 50 and 250 kg/t respectively; and in metabolizable energy (ME) concentration (12·8 (LE) and 14·0 (HE) M/kg DM), achieved by adding protected fat (approx. 100 kg/t). There were no significant interactions between supplement type in terms of animal performance. Over an average feeding period of 152 days, milk yields were significantly increased by 0·49 kg/day per 100 g supplementary CP (P < 0·01) and 0·50 kg/day per MJ of supplementary ME (P < 0·05).Increasing the level of supplementary CP had no effect on milk composition but significantly increased yield of milk protein (67 g/day). An increase in supplementary ME significantly reduced protein concentration in the milk (1·1 gjkg) but had no effect on protein yield. Yield of milk fat was significantly increased (76 g/day). The additional energy also significantly improved cow fertility in terms of a reduced interval from calving to both first service and conception.

scholarly journals PSIX-13 Influence of an integrated fodder additive on productivity and metabolic homeostasis of dairy cattle in transition period

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 416-416
Author(s):  
Daria A Nikanova ◽  
Evgenia Kolodina ◽  
Olga Artemyeva ◽  
Yuri Fomichev
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
The Third

Abstract The transition period is the most stressful for dairy cows in terms of metabolic rate and characterized by dynamic changes in the hormonal profile, loss of appetite, negative energy balance, nutrient and vitamin deficiencies, compromised immunity and oxidative stress. The aim of the research was to balance the increase in cows’ productivity and the consumption of nutrients from the feed during the transition period through the use of energy feed additives (EFS), high protein feed concentrate (PFC) in combination with biologically active (BA) substances. Thirty-six dairy cows of black-motley breed were divided into 3 groups: (1) The main diet (G0, n = 12), not supplemented with additives, (2) additive 1 (G1; supplemented with 0.5 kg EFS / cow per day, n = 12), (3) additive 2 (G2; supplemented with 0.5 kg EFS; 0.5 kg PFC and 0.06 kg BA / cow per day, n = 12). The experimental part of the feeding lasted for 20 days before calving and the first 100 days after calving (DPP). Blood samples were collected during the first and the third months after calving. The biochemical analyzer was used to measure blood serum components. The milk yield was recorded monthly throughout lactation. BCS losses from 7 days prior to calving to 28 DPP were -0.29 for Gr2, -0.42 for Gr1 and -0.60 for Gr0. Feeding with additive 2 (Gr2) increased milk yield (p≤0.05) in the first 100 DPPs and (p≤0.001) 305 DPPs compared to G0. The number of samples with SCC ≥ 500 000 / ml. per 100 DPP was 51% in the Gr0 group, 27% in Gr1, 25% in Gr2. Also, microbiological control showed an excess of Bacterial cells in the milk of cows from group G0, which correlates with SCC indicators. Cows from Gr2had a lower content of ketone bodies (P≥0.001) and higher (P≥0.001) antioxidant activity of blood serum compared to Gr0. Cows from Gr2 had an increase in ALT activity by1.4 times (P &lt;0.05) from the first to the third months after calving.

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