scholarly journals The Effects of Gallium Additions on Microstructures and Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Sn-9Zn Solder Alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang I. Chen ◽  
Shou C. Cheng ◽  
Chin H. Cheng ◽  
Sean Wu ◽  
Yeu-L. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solder Alloys ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Rich Phase ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Matrix Region ◽  
Strength And Ductility

The effects of gallium additions on microstructures and thermal and mechanical properties of the Sn-9Zn solder alloys are investigated in this study. The results show that the melting temperature of the alloys decreases with the increase in the Ga concentration, while the pasty ranges of the alloys are simultaneously enlarged. By adding a 0.25–0.5 wt.% Ga element, the Sn-matrix region is slightly increased and the Zn-rich phase becomes slightly coarser; however, the overall microstructure is still very similar to that of the Sn-9Zn alloy. It is found that, when the Ga concentration is less than 0.50 wt.%, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation are maintained at the same values. The addition of a 0.25–0.50 wt.% Ga to the Sn-9Zn alloy also leads to small cup and cone fracture surfaces which exhibit near-complete ductile fracturing. With the addition being increased to 0.75 wt.%, larger cup and cone fractures are observed. The 1.00 wt.% Ga alloy has lower strength and ductility due to the coarser and nonuniform microstructures. However, the fracture surfaces of the 1.00 wt.% Ga alloy show partial cleavage and a partially dimpled fracture.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Laser-Sintered 3D-Printed Cobalt Chromium and Soft-Milled Cobalt Chromium

Prosthesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Abdullah Barazanchi ◽  
Kai Chun Li ◽  
Basil Al-Amleh ◽  
Karl Lyons ◽  
J. Neil Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Proof Stress ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose: To compare the mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of laser-sintered/3D-printed cobalt chromium (LS CoCr) with soft-milled cobalt chromium (SM CoCr) to assess their suitability for use in high-stress areas in the oral cavity. Material and Method: Two computer-aided manufacturing methods were used to fabricate dumbbell specimens in accordance with the ASTM standard E8. Specimens were fractured using tensile testing and elastic modulus, and proof stress and ultimate tensile strength were calculated. Fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Plate specimens were also fabricated for the examination of hardness and elastic modulus using nanoindentation. Unpaired t-test was used to evaluate statistical significance. Results: LS CoCr specimens were found to have significantly higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and proof stress (PS) (p < 0.05) but not a significantly higher elastic modulus (p > 0.05). Examination of the dumbbell fracture surfaces showed uniform structure for the LS CoCr specimens whilst the SM CoCr specimens were perforated with porosities; neither showed an obvious point of fracture. Nanoindentation also showed that LS CoCr specimens possessed higher hardness compared with SM CoCr specimens. Conclusion: LS CoCr and SM CoCr specimens were both found to exhibit uniformly dense structure; although porosities were noted in the SM CoCr specimens. LS CoCr specimens were found to have superior tensile properties, likely due to lack of porosities, however both had mean values higher than those reported in the literature for cast CoCr. Uniformity of structure and high tensile strength indicates that LS CoCr and SM CoCr fabricated alloys are suitable for long-span metallic frameworks for use in the field of prosthodontics.

Evaluation and Characterization of Iron- and Nickel-Based Alloys for Microturbine Recuperators

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Lara-Curzio ◽  
R. Trejo ◽  
K. L. More ◽  
P. J. Maziasz ◽  
B. A. Pint
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Exposure Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion ◽  
Strength And Ductility ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

The effects of stress, temperature and time of exposure to microturbine exhaust gases on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of alloys HR-120® and 230® was investigated at turbine exhaust temperatures between 620°C and 760°C. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength and ductility of alloy 230® decreased by 30% and 60%, respectively, after 500 hours exposure at 752°C. At the lowest exposure temperature of 679°C the ultimate tensile strength and ductility decreased by 10% and 25%, respectively. The ultimate tensile strength and ductility of HR-120® alloy decreased by 15% and 50%, respectively, after 500 hours exposure at 745°C. At the lowest exposure temperature of 632°C the ultimate tensile strength and ductility decreased by 10% and 23%, respectively. The microstructural changes associated with exposure to microturbine exhaust gases are analyzed and discussed.

scholarly journals Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al-2Fe-xCo Ternary Alloys with High Thermal Conductivity

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3728
Author(s):  
Gan Luo ◽  
Yujian Huang ◽  
Chengbo Li ◽  
Zhenghua Huang ◽  
Jun Du
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Unmodified Alloy ◽  
Cast Alloys

The microstructures, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity (TC) of Al-2Fe-xCo (x = 0~0.8) alloys in as-cast, homogeneous annealed, and cool rolled states are systematically studied. Results indicate that appropriate Co modification (x ≤ 0.5) simultaneously improves the thermal and mechanical properties of as-cast Al-2Fe alloys. The improvement of TC is attributed to ameliorating the morphology of primary Al3Fe phases from needles to short rods and fine particles, which decreases the scattering probability of free electrons during the electronic transmission. However, further increasing the Co content (x = 0.8) decreases the TC due to the formation of a coarse plate-like Al2FeCo phase. Besides, the thermal conductivity of annealed Al-2Fe-xCo alloys is higher than that of as-cast alloys because of the elimination of lattice defects and spheroidization of Al3Fe phases. After cool rolling with 80 % deformation, thermal conductivity of alloys slightly increases due to the breaking down of Al2FeCo phases. The rolled Al-2Fe-0.3Co alloy exhibits the highest thermal conductivity, which is about 225 W/(m·K), approximately 11 % higher than the as-cast Al-2Fe sample. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (EL) of as-cast Al-2Fe-0.5Co (UTS: 138 MPa; EL: 22.0 %) are increased by 35 % and 69 %, respectively, compared with those of unmodified alloy (UTS: 102 MPa; EL: 13.0 %).

Effect of Solution Treatment and Extrusion on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Mg-2Gd-Nd-0.4Zn-0.3Zr Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 1125-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Jiang Nie ◽  
Liang Meng ◽  
Xiu Rong Zhu ◽  
Yong Dong Xu ◽  
Yue Yi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Strength And Ductility

The effect of the combined action of hot work and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Mg-2Gd-Nd-0.4Zn-0.3Zr (wt. %) (E21) alloy was investigated. Results showed that the solution treatment time of the ingot played a great effect on the mechanical properties of the extruded alloy. With solution treating time of the ingot increasing, the tensile strength of the extruded alloy decreased gradually, but the elongation increased greatly. The best combination of strength and ductility was achieved for the extruded alloy after the ingot solution treated at 520°C for 3 h, extrusion at 400°C and aging at 200°C for 16 h, namely ultimate tensile strength = 331MPa and elongation = 7.1%.

scholarly journals Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo-Nb microalloyed medium Manganese trip Steel by cyclic quenching

10.30544/426 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunquan Liu ◽  
Qichun Peng ◽  
Zhengliang Xue
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Trip Steel ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Reverse Transformation ◽  
Comprehensive Properties ◽  
Cyclic Quenching ◽  
Strength And Ductility

A novel cyclic quenching (CQ) and austenite reverse transformation (ART) was proposed for a Fe-0.25C-3.98Mn-1.22Al-0.20Si-0.19Mo-0.03Nb (wt.%) Mo-Nb microalloyed medium-Mn TRIP steel to improve strength and ductility. The results show that after twice cyclic quenching and ART exhibited optimum comprehensive properties, characterized by an ultimate tensile strength of 838 MPa, a total elongation of 90.8%, a product of strength and elongation (PSE) of 76.1 GPa·%, and the volume fraction of austenite of approximately 62 vol.%.

Effect of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sn-0.7wt.%Cu Solder Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 513-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phairote Sungkhaphaitoon ◽  
Thawatchai Plookphol
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Solder Alloys ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Two Phases

The dependence of microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn-0.7wt.%Cu solder alloys on different cooling rates were investigated. Two cooling rates were employed during solidification: 0.04 °C/s (mold-cooled system) and 1.66 °C/s (water-cooled system). The results showed that the ultimate tensile strength of Sn-0.7wt.%Cu solder alloy increased but the elongation decreased when water-cooled system was used. The microstructure of Sn-0.7wt.%Cu solder alloys solidified by both cooling systems exhibited two phases of Sn-rich and Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compounds (IMCs). However, finer grains were observed in the water-cooled specimens.

Microstructure and Properties of Nb Nanoparticles Reinforced Sn-0.7Cu Solder Alloy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Yifeng Xiong ◽  
Huiming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Fracture Mechanism ◽  
Composite Solder ◽  
Solder Alloys ◽  
Microstructure And Properties

Abstract The effect of trace Nb nanoparticles on thermal properties, wettability, microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn-0.7Cu solder alloy was investigated. The results show that the melting temperature of Sn-0.7Cu composite solder alloy is between 229 ? and 231 ?, and the effect of Nb nanoparticles on the melting temperature is not obvious. The wettability of the solder alloy was remarkably improved by adding Nb nanoparticles. The coarse ß-Sn phase and ß-Sn/Cu6Sn5 eutectic in the Sn-0.7Cu composite solder alloys is refined by adding appropriate Nb nanoparticles, and then the ultimate tensile strength (37.3 MPa) and the elongation (2.47 mm) of Sn-0.7Cu alloy are increased to the maximum 45.4 MPa and 4.59 mm of Sn-0.7Cu-0.12Nb alloy. The fracture mechanism of Sn-0.7Cu-xNb composite solder alloys are plastic fracture.

scholarly journals The microstructure and properties of as-cast Sn-Zn-Bi solder alloys

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srba Mladenovic ◽  
Desimir Markovic ◽  
Ljubica Ivanic ◽  
Svetlana Ivanov ◽  
Zagorka Acimovic-Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Solder Alloys ◽  
Rich Phase ◽  
Soldering Temperature ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Lead Free Solders

Research on the lead-free solders has attracted wide attention, mostly as the result of the implementation of the Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment. The Sn-Zn solder alloys have been considered to be one of the most attractive lead-free solders due to its ability to easily replace Sn-Pb eutectic alloy without increasing the soldering temperature. Furthermore, the mechanical properties are comparable or even superior to those of Sn-Pb solder. However, other problems still persist. The solution to overcoming these drawbacks is to add a small amount of alloying elements (Bi, Ag, Cr, Cu, and Sb) to the Sn-Zn alloys. Microstructure, tensile strength, and hardness of the selected Sn-Zn-Bi ternary alloys have been investigated in this study. The SEM-EDS was used for the identification of co-existing phases in the samples. The specimens? microstructures are composed of three phases: Sn-rich solid solution as the matrix, Bi-phase and Zn-rich phase. The Bi precipitates are formed around the Sn-dendrit grains as well as around the Zn-rich phase. The amount of Bi segregation increases with the increase of Bi content. The Sn-Zn-Bi alloys exhibit the high tensile strength and hardness, but the values of these mechanical properties decrease with the increase of Bi content, as well as the reduction of Zn content. The results presented in this paper may offer further knowledge of the effects various parameters have on the properties of lead-free Sn-Zn-Bi solders.

Effects of Trace Elements on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Al–Zn–Cu Based Alloys Using Extrusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 4216-4220
Author(s):  
Yong-Ho Kim ◽  
Hyo-Sang Yoo ◽  
Hyeon-Taek Son
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Extrusion Direction ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cu Alloy

Thermal properties and microstructure of Al-4 wt.% Zn-2 wt.% Cu–x (x = 2 wt%. Mg, 2 wt%. Sn, 0.7 wt.% Mg-0.7 wt.% Sn-0.7 wt.% Ca) alloys on cast and extrusion have been investigated with extrusion temperature of 400 °C. Al-4 wt.% Zn-2 wt.% Cu alloy was composed of Al and Al2Cu phases. By adding Mg contents, Al2Mg3Zn3 phase was increased and Al2Cu phase was decreased respectively. During hot extrusion, elongated in the extrusion direction because of severe deformation. The thermal conductivity with temperature and composition of as-extruded Al-4 wt.% Zn-2 wt.% Cu–x alloys decreases with adding 2 wt.% Mg, 2 wt.% Sn contents from 190.925 and 196.451 W/mK but thermal properties of addition of 0.7 wt.% Mg-0.7 wt.% Sn-0.7 wt.% Ca element slightly reduced from 222.32 to 180.775 W/mK. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) for Al-4 wt.% Zn- 2 wt.% Cu alloy was 121.67 MPa. By adding 2 wt.% Mg contents, tensile strength was dramatically increased with 350.5 MPa.

Influence of Alloying Elements in ZnAl5 Based Alloys on Melting Temperature, Tensile Strength and Vickers Hardness

2016 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Koleňák ◽  
Igor Kostolný
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Solder Alloys

The aim of work consist in the investigation of the influence of alloying elements in ZnAl5 alloy on thermal and mechanical properties. The ZnAl5Cu (1-3), ZnAl5Mg (1-3), ZnAl5Ag (1-5) and ZnAl5In1(Ga1) solder alloys were used experiments. Solders were assessed by DSC analysis and by measuring tensile strength and Vickers hardness. It was found out that by adding of alloying elements, the melting temperature is decreasing. The opposite was observed in the case of ZnAl5Mg (1-3) alloys. By adding of In or Ga to ZnAl5, tensile strength and Vickers hardness are decreasing. Addition of Ag (1-5) resulted in increasing of tensile strength and Vickers hardness. In case of ZnAl5Cu (1-3) and ZnAl5Mg (1-3) solder, decreasing of tensile strength and increasing of Vickers hardness was observed.

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