scholarly journals Optimization of Insoluble and Soluble Fibres Extraction fromAgave americanaL. Using Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Bouaziz ◽  
Manel Masmoudi ◽  
Amel Kamoun ◽  
Souhail Besbes
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Experimental Design Methodology ◽  
Significant Factors

Experimental design methodology was used to determine significant factors affecting the extraction yield of soluble and insoluble fibres fromAgave americanaL. and in second time to find optimum conditions leading to the highest yield. Results clearly indicated that the temperature, the powder to water (P/W) ratio, and the agitation speed were the most important factors influencing fibres extraction yield which increased with temperature, P/W ratio, and agitation speed. Ionic strength affected significantly soluble fibre extraction yield and was the most important factor among nonsignificant ones influencing insoluble fibres extraction yield. Then, a Box-Behnken design was carried out to maximise fibres extraction. Selected optimal conditions were temperature: 90°C; P/W ratio: 0.1625; agitation speed: 400 rpm; and ionic strength: 1.5 g/L. These conditions yielded 93.02% and 80.46% of insoluble and soluble fibres, respectively. Concentrates showed high fibres purity and good functional properties.

Identifying interrelationships among factors affecting innovation archetypes: the case of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-432
Author(s):  
Rafif Al-Sayed ◽  
Jianhua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Significant Factors

Purpose This paper aims at studying the concept of innovation ecosystems and investigating the factors affecting them based on their interrelationships with respect to different innovation archetypes. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is based on using multivariate statistical analysis of the inter-correlations among a number of variables which led to extracting a reduced set of new significant factors that affect China’s innovation ecosystem. Findings The results showed that innovation archetypes differ significantly with respect to the majority of the new factors. Practical implications Through identifying these challenges, decision-makers can develop a better understanding of the variables affecting each archetype of innovation and act accordingly. Originality/value The study is the first to fill the gap of addressing a large number of variables affecting innovation and analyzing their interrelationships.

scholarly journals Laccase pretreatment for enhancing microwave-assisted alkaline extraction of hemicellulose from bagasse

BioResources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 931-942
Author(s):  
Jizhen Huang ◽  
Yuxin Liu ◽  
Bing Sun ◽  
Jiaoyang Li ◽  
Renfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Scanning Electron

Laccase pretreatment is a promising approach to degrade lignin polymer for enhanced hemicellulose extraction from bagasse. A Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize microwave-assisted alkaline extraction of hemicellulose with the aim of maximizing the hemicellulose extraction yield. The effect of laccase pretreatment on the structural characteristics of the bagasse hemicellulose was studied with scanning electron microscopy and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. The results showed that the lignin content of the bagasse decreased by 7.9% and the specific surface area increased by 95.9% after pretreatment with 160 U/g laccase for 6 h. The hemicellulose extraction yield was 88.7% under the optimum conditions of 8% NaOH, 50 min, and 900 W. The interaction between the NaOH concentration and extraction time, and between the extraction time and microwave power significantly affected hemicellulose extraction from the bagasse. Overall, the laccase pretreatment was beneficial to extraction of hemicellulose from bagasse using a microwave-assisted alkaline solution.

Development of similarity evaluation method between virtual and actual clothing

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seo Hyo Kim ◽  
Sungmin Kim ◽  
Chang Kyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Garment Design ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Significant Factors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a similarity evaluation method between virtual and actual clothing. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyzes the subjective and objective evaluation results of virtual and actual clothing. Findings In this paper, significant factors affecting the evaluation of similarity between actual and virtual clothing have been found. Research limitations/implications Evaluation experiment was performed only for a skirt. However, the method can be easily applied for other types of garments. Practical implications The evaluation of similarity between actual and virtual garment will be facilitated. Social implications The garment design process can be facilitated by simulating garments in virtual space. Originality/value There has not been any quantitative evaluation method for the similarity of virtual and actual garment.

Application of natural dye on polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnab Sen ◽  
Avijit Bhowal ◽  
Siddhartha Datta
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
Natural Dye ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Significant Factors

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the feasibility of developing an eco-friendly dyeing process for a regenerated polyester fiber (polytrimethylene terephthalate) using a natural dye (Lac) and bio-mordant.Design/methodology/approachThe effects of temperature, time, initial pH of dye bath, material to liquor ratio and mordant concentration on color strength of polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber dyed with Lac were examined. The results were compared using three bio-mordant (catechu, myrobalan and pomegranate) and three inorganic mordant (alum, ferrous sulfate and stannous chloride). Single replicate of 25-design methodology was used to identify three significant factors affecting color strength, and optimization was done using response surface methodology based on 23-central composite rotatable design.FindingsColor strength achieved using catechu as a bio-mordant was close to that with ferrous sulfate and higher than with stannous chloride. Temperature, initial pH and mordant concentration were identified as significant factors affecting color strength of dyed fiber with catechu. Optimization revealed temperature of 133OC, initial pH of 6 and bio-mordant (Catechu) concentration of 10 per cent to be the optimal conditions for dyeing, with K/S value of 4.55.Originality/valueThe study revealed the possibility of satisfactory dyeing of regenerated polyester fibers with natural dyes, replacing disperse dyes. The comparison of color strength achieved indicated the possibility of replacing inorganic mordant with bio-mordant in such dyeing process. The dyeing process could thus be made more eco-friendly by removal of toxic chemicals from effluents.

Initiating android phone technology using QR codes to make innovative functional clothes

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem M. Nofal
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Weave Structure ◽  
Lighting Conditions

PurposeAndroid mobile phones are usually used in everyday life. QR (quick response) codes are one of the smart and interesting technologies to convey information fast and accurately through smartphones. So printing QR codes on different textiles by inkjet method concerns specific people, such as with Autism, and Down syndrome, deaf and dumb children and also people having Alzheimer’s disease, who do not have the ability to communicate to others properly; these people cannot know, express or remember information about their selves. So printing QR codes in their clothes can help improve their lives.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, different factors affecting QR codes scanability on fabrics were examined to clarify optimum conditions of recognition and readability. This paper examines different factors as QR Code different resolutions, sizes and lighting conditions. Different weave structures were also used. A questionnaire was done in a deaf and dumb school, for clarifying how QR codes can improve communication to some extent with others, especially those who do not realize sign language. In this study, different factors affecting QR codes’ scanability on fabrics were examined to clarify the optimum conditions of recognition and readability. This paper examines different factors as QR Code different resolutions, sizes and lighting conditions. Different weave structures were also used. A questionnaire was done in deaf and dumb school, to clarifying how QR codes can improve communication to some extent with others who especially do not realize sign language.FindingsThe finding of this study can provide basic data for future researches on QR codes printing on textiles. The effect of weave structure on QR code reading is obvious, as code reading time consumed in the plain fabric is more than that required in a twill structure. This economical method can enhance wearer life, especially for some cases as deaf and dumb cases.Originality/valueThese creative functions will surprise users and motivate them to scan the Codes. Increasing utility of QR codes in the textile and clothing field, give sustainability to the wearer clothes and accessories.

scholarly journals Citrus limetta peels: a promising substrate for the production of multienzyme preparation from a yeast consortium

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Shariq ◽  
Muhammad Sohail
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Mineral Salt Medium ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Fruit Wastes ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Citrus Limetta ◽  
Significant Factors

AbstractCitrus limetta peels (CLP), a waste material generated by juice industries, has scarcely been reported for the production of yeast enzymes. The study was conducted to obtain a multienzyme preparation from a yeast consortium under solid-state fermentation of CLP. The substrate, CLP, was pretreated using either acid or alkali, and factors affecting production of multienzyme were studied by generating two separate Plackett–Burman designs. Since, alkali-pretreated CLP yielded higher titers; therefore, significant factors affecting multienzyme preparation using this substrate were optimized by employing Box–Behnken design. The analysis revealed that under optimized conditions, i.e., cultivation of yeast strains for 72 h to alkali-pretreated CLP moistened with mineral salt medium having pH 5 yielded more than 10 IU mL−1 of cellulase, xylanase, and amylase. The multienzyme was studied for its application to saccharify fruit and non-fruit wastes and for orange juice clarification. The data showed that the enzyme preparation could release 3.03 mg L−1 h−1 of reducing sugars from various crude substrates and was able to reduce turbidity of orange juice by 11% with substantial decrease in viscosity and acidity. Hence, CLP appeared as a promising substrate to produce multienzyme preparation from yeast consortium.

scholarly journals Protein Extractability and Thermally Induced Gelation Properties of African Locust Bean Proteins (Parkia biglobosa Jacq. R.Br)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Mamadou Lamarana Souare ◽  
Lonseny Traore ◽  
Florence Husson ◽  
Samuel Lubbers
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
Locust Bean ◽  
African Locust Bean ◽  
Protein Extractability

African locust bean (AfLB) protein isolates could be an interesting alternative to the use of soy as an ingredient for the development of new protein-rich products. From AfLB seed flour, the protein extractability yields by aqueous extraction were determined as a function of pH and ionic strength. Then thermally induced gelation of various protein suspensions relating to protein concentration was studied. The most critical factors affecting extractability were the pH and the presence of fat. As a function of the extraction process, the extraction yield of protein from AfLB flour ranged from 30 to 65%. Two major fractions of proteins detected in AfLB seeds were albumins and globulins, comprising four families: legume-like protein, vicilin-like proteins, convicilin, and albumins. The globulin isolate had the lowest solubility at pH 3.5-4 and the highest at pH 8-10. The solubility of albumin isolate was lightly affected by pH and ionic strength. At pH 7, the minimum protein concentration for thermal gel formation ranged from 55 to 120 g/L as function purified state of proteins. The less purified extract with a simpler process made it possible to obtain a gel needing a lower protein concentration. This last way seems promising to the development of new foods based on African locust bean flour.

Determination of the most significant factors affecting the life of tires and gear motor-wheels using a priori ranking

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (48) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
E.K. Abdulaev ◽  
◽  
P.N. Maharathis ◽  
A.I. Kuzhelev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Factors

Effect of Ethanol Treatment on Lycopene Extraction yield

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Kyong-il ◽  
KIM rak-chon ◽  
Kang chang-hyok ◽  
Lee song-nam ◽  
Ryom sok-hun
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ethanol Treatment ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Pretreatment Method ◽  
Ethanol Pretreatment

In order to extract lycopene more effectively, this experiment focused on the optimization of ethanol pretreatment method to study the effects of ethanol treatment on the extraction rate of lycopene and its antioxidant activity. The test results show that 2 times ethanol treatment is very effective for improving lycopene yield. The optimum conditions of ethanol treatment are temperature 50 ℃, treatment time 1 time 2h, 2 times 2h, solid to liquid ratio is 1:12. The lycopene yield can be reached 20mg / 100g above.

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