scholarly journals Preliminary Studies of New Water Removal Element in Purification Applications of Diesel Fuels

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ruijun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Separation Mechanism ◽  
Water Removal ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Fuel Stream

To effectively and efficiently remove water contamination dispersed in petrodiesel fuels, a new water removal element with both coalescence and separation features is studied in this paper. The unique droplet coalescence and separation mechanism occurring in the new water removal element is proposed. The conceptual design of this filter element is presented and the basic features of FCP filtration systems are briefly introduced. A laboratory test stand and fuel analysis procedure are described. The results from preliminary water removal tests with number 2 petrodiesel fuel demonstrate the filtration performance of the new water removal element. For example, within one single fuel flow pass through FCP filtration system equipped with the new water removal element and running at 2 GPM flow rate, the water content in 80°F, number 2 petrodiesel fuel stream can be reduced from up to 40,000 ppm upstream to 64.8 ppm or less downstream.

Effects of Operating Conditions on the Heat Management of a Microscale Fuel Cell

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyong Sun ◽  
Adam S. Hollinger ◽  
Jun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heat Management ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Fuel Stream

Abstract Higher energy densities and the potential for nearly instantaneous recharging make microscale fuel cells very attractive as power sources for portable technology in comparison with standard battery technology. Heat management is very important to the microscale fuel cells because of the generation of waste heat. Waste heat generated in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells includes oxygen reduction reaction in the cathode catalyst, hydrogen oxidation reaction in the anode catalyst, and Ohmic heating in the membrane. A novel microscale fuel cell design is presented here that utilizes a half-membrane electrode assembly. An ANSYS Fluent model is presented to investigate the effects of operating conditions on the heat management of this microscale fuel cell. Five inlet fuel temperatures are 22°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C. Two fuel flow rate are 0.3 mL/min and 2 mL/min. The fuel cell is simulated under natural convection and forced convection. The simulations predict thermal profiles throughout this microscale fuel cell design. The exit temperature of fuel stream, oxygen stream and nitrogen stream are obtained to determine the rate of heat removal. Simulation results show that the fuel stream dominates heat removal at room temperature. As inlet fuel temperature increases, the majority of heat removal occurs via convection with the ambient air by the exposed current collector surfaces. The top and bottom current collector removes almost the same amount of heat. The model also shows that the heat transfer through the oxygen channel and nitrogen channel is minimal over the range of inlet fuel temperatures. Increasing fuel flow rate and ambient air flow both increase the heat removal by the exposed current collector surfaces. Ultimately, these simulations can be used to determine design points for best performance and durability in a single-channel microscale fuel cell.

scholarly journals Justification of Requirements for the Motorless Method of Evaluation of Deposit Forming Tendency of Diesel Fuel on Diesel Engine Injectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
A. V. Yakovlev ◽  
◽  
E. A. Sharin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Test Temperature ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Optimal Test ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Flow Loss ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

The calculation of the dynamics of heating a drop of fuel in the nozzle of diesel injector has been carried out. The possibility of using a gasoline nozzle to assess the tendency of diesel fuels to the formation of deposits on diesel engine injectors has been substantiated. The optimal test temperature for diesel fuels has been experimentally determined. Taking into account the calculated parameters, a method for evaluating the propensity of diesel fuels to form deposits on the injectors was developed on an OSV-01 device. It has been found that darkening of the nozzle bottom and the relative fuel flow loss are independent indicators. It is shown that the sensitivity and differentiating ability of method are sufficient for classification of diesel fuels according to their tendency to form deposits on the injectors of diesel engines. Two criteria for estimating the degree of contamination of nozzle are proposed: contamination of the nozzle bottom and relative fuel flow loss thought nozzle. Preliminary studies of tendency to form deposits of a number of commercial diesel fuels have been conducted.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE LIXIVIAÇÃO DE PESTICIDAS EM LATOSSOLO DA REGIÃO DE GUAÍRA, SP

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIO A. SPADOTTO ◽  
HELOISA FILIZOLA ◽  
MARCO A. F. GOMES
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Attenuation Factor ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Ground Water Contamination ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Os potenciais de lixiviação de dezenove pesticidas nos primeiros 60 cm de latossolo da região de Guaíra, Estado de São Paulo, foram estimados mediante fator de atenuação ( AF). O modelo aplicado considerou propriedades do pesticida e do solo, assim como a taxa de recarga hídrica líquida. Os pesticidas com maior potencial de lixiviação foram: Monocrotofós > Carbofuran > Metalaxil > Aldicarb > Metolaclor > Metamidofós. Para todos os pesticidas estudados naquele latossolo, o retardamento da lixiviação devido à volatilização foi muito pequeno quando comparado com o retardamento devido à sorção. Todos os pesticidas que apresentaram os mais altos potenciais de lixiviação foram os mais solúveis em água, com valores do coeficiente de partição ( Koc) iguais ou menores que 200 mL/g. Além disso, a meia-vida da maioria destes pesticidas excedeu 30 dias. Os resultados obtidos permitiram estimar que 15,2% do Monocrotofós, 5,7% do Carbofuran e 2,5% do Metalaxil que atinge a superfície do solo ultrapassariam os primeiros 60 cm do perfil do solo, sendo que cerca de 8 mg para cada 100 g de Monocrotofós aplicados na superfície do solo passariam através dos primeiros 3 m. Com base nos baixos valores de AF calculados, o potencial de lixiviação dos pesticidas que têm sido usados em áreas agrícolas de Guaíra (SP) sobre latossolos apresenta-se baixo, assim como o conseqüente risco de contaminação da água subterrânea. ASSESSING LEACHING POTENTIAL OF PESTICIDES IN OXISOL FROM GUAÍRA REGION, STATE OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL Abstract The leaching potentials of nineteen pesticides in the top 60 cm of a Brazilian Oxisol from Guaira region, São Paulo state were estimated by means of the Attenuation Factor ( AF) method. The model applied considers pesticide and soil properties, as well as, the net recharge rate. The highest leaching potential pesticides were: Monocrotophos > Carbofuran > Metalaxyl > Aldicarb > Metolachlor > Metamidophos. For all of the pesticides studied in that Brazilian Oxisol, the leaching retardation due to the volatilization was very low when compared with the retardation due to sorption. All of the pesticides receiving the top leaching potential ranking were the most soluble pesticides , and they have organic carbon partitioning coefficient values equal 200 mL/g or lower. For almost all of these pesticides, half-life values exceed 30 days. Results allowed to estimate that 15.2% of Monocrotophos, 5.7% of Carbofuran, and 2.5% of Metalaxyl that reaches the soil surface would pass through the top 60 cm of the soil profile, and about 8 mg per 100 g of Monocrotophos applied on the soil surface would pass through the top 3 m. According to the AF values calculated, the leaching potential of the pesticides in use in Guaira (SP) agricultural areas with Oxisols is low, as well the consequent ground water contamination risk.

Trackability and Flexibility of Coronary Stents

2010 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
Péter Szabadíts ◽  
János Dobránszky
Keyword(s):  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Coronary Stents ◽  
Coronary Stent ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Tracking Force ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The One ◽  
Basic Features

Coronary stents are the most important materials in our days cardiology. Flexibility and trackability are two basic features of stents. In this paper seven different balloon-expandable coronary stent systems were investigated mechanically in order to compare their suitability. The coronary stent systems were assessed by measurements of stent flexibility as well as by comparison of forces during simulated stenting in a self-investigated coronary vessel model. The stents were cut by laser from a single tube of 316L stainless steel or L-605 (CoCr) cobalt chronium alloy. The one- and four point bending tests were carried out to evaluate stent flexibility E∙I (Nmm2), under displacement control in crimped and expanded configurations. The flexibility of stents would rather dependent on the design than raw material. In generally the more flexible stent needs lower tracking force during the implantation. The L-605 row material stents need lower track force to pass through in the vessel model as the 316L row materials stents. In the curve of the vessel model the sort and long stents passed through in different ways. The long stents nestled to the vessel wall at the outer arc and bent, while the short stents did not bend in the curve, only the delivery systems bent.

scholarly journals Filtering for a Lift

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (11) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
Michael Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Space ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Rotary Drum ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Filter Area ◽  
Machining Fluids

This article analyses systems to treat spent machining fluids, which improve productivity by cutting downtime and extending performance life. Machine tool operators are extending the life of their grinding wheels as much as 10 times by processing spent machining coolants with Hydroflow's Star Filter system. Hydroflow Inc., Salem, NH, markets a vacuum-based Star Filter system that provides a large filter area in a relatively small space for industrial applications requiring high flow rate filtration. Hydroflow's engineers designed the Star Filter to compete with rotary drum vacuum filters, which also provide large filter areas in compact space. Machining line operators use the Star Filter as a standalone, central filtration system. Either Hydroflow or the local contractor connects the system to machine tools so the used fluid will pass through baffles in the Star Filter that reduce the fluid's velocity. The successful inaugural installation of the small-scale HTF system at Twin City has opened opportunities for the filtration system in other die casting facilities.

Insertion of yttrium carbide into carbon nanoclusters by vapor transport during growth

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 758-759
Author(s):  
Supapan Seraphin ◽  
Dan Zhou ◽  
Jun Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Pure Graphite ◽  
Carbon Nanoclusters ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Basic Features

Carbon nanoclusters have basic features in common, although they vary greatly in shapes. Concentric graphitic layers separated by 0.34 nm surround a hollow core a few nanometers in diameter. Encapsulating materials into this hollow core changes the physical properties drastically. The insertion offers the possibility to study materials of small dimensions in a closed-off environment. Technological promise is given for the production of nanowires, and other applications in which the nanoscale is of importance. Recent work takes a variety of approaches, inserting lead into nanotubes by capillary suction through open ends, or encapsulating microcrystals of LaC2 into the polyhedral cages. We report a method for filling carbon clusters of various shapes in situ through vapor transport from a composite anode of a graphite rod filled with yttrium oxide paste at a center hole.Both materials pass through the arc discharge, and grow as composite carbon nanoclusters at the pure graphite cathode.

scholarly journals Hierarchy, symmetry, and the xavante spiritual life cycle

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (34) ◽  
pp. 235-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Daily Experience ◽  
Group System ◽  
Secular Age ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
First Time

Xavante society, well-known for its dual structural aspects, provides the best documented example of a formal age-group system in South America. Although the basic features of the Xavante secular age-group system were previously described, a second age-group system in the spiritual domain is presented here for the first time. In this paper, I describe the Xavante spiritual life cycle, including a structural dynamic whereby age sets pass through age grades in alternate fashion, allocating them between two moieties. That basic morphology is shared with the secular age-group system and attests to a Xavante logic of hierarchy and symmetry as mutually constructed and non-contradictory. Interactions between the spiritual and secular age-group systems manifest in the daily experience of spiritual participants in ways that suggest plurality and contingency are essential features of Xavante social organization.

scholarly journals Technical Guidelines for Installation of Rainwater Harvesting System and its Operation

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Binod Shakya ◽  
Jeewan P. Thanju
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
And Storage

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have been in use since ancient times, and these days its use is increasing. However, due to improper planning and design, problems are seen and the collected water is polluted. The major reason for water contamination is attributed to the toxic materials used for the rain harvesting system, faulty operation, improper rain filtration system and improper disinfection methods. The reason for diseases arising from drinking rainwater is the consumption of contaminated rainwater. Clean raindrops comprising rainwater will become contaminated as they pass through the atmosphere, flow over the roof surface, flow along the gutter, and upon collection and storage. This paper focuses on the technical guidelines for the installation of RWH components, its operation and maintenance, and rainwater quality improvement for household use. Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol. 12, 2013, January Page: 45-51DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v12i0.9032 Uploaded Date : 10/29/2013

Resources and nutrients oriented greywater treatment for non-potable reuses

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1901-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangyue Li ◽  
Joachim Behrendt ◽  
Knut Wichmann ◽  
Ralf Otterpohl
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Pass Through

This paper evaluated the performance and suitability of a resources and nutrients oriented decentralized greywater treatment system which uses a submerged spiral wound module. This greywater treatment system is aimed at treating and recovering the resources present in the wastewater. The study revealed that the UF membrane filtration system was able to maintain a permeate flux between 6 and 10 L/m2/h. TOC can be reduced from the influent value of 161 to 28.6 mg/L in the permeate, meaning an average elimination rate of 83.4%. In addition, soluble nutrients such as ammonia and phosphorus can pass through the UF membrane and remain in the permeate. The total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the permeate were 16.7 and 6.7 mg/L respectively. The permeate was low in turbidity (below 1 NTU) and free of suspended solids and E. coli and had an excellent physical appearance. The permeate can be used in gardening and agriculture for irrigation and soil fertilization or alternatively for toilet flushing after disinfection. The retentate generated in this system can be treated with blackwater and kitchen waste in an anaerobic digester at a later stage for producing biogas or compost.

Effect of CO2 Dilution on Flame Structure and Soot and NO Formations in CH4-Air Nonpremixed Flames

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Samanta ◽  
Ranjan Ganguly ◽  
Amitava Datta
Keyword(s):  
Flame Structure ◽  
Flame Length ◽  
Nonpremixed Flames ◽  
Fuel Flow Rate ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Flame Radiation ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Fuel Jet ◽  
Jet Velocity ◽  
Fuel Stream

In the present work, a numerical analysis has been presented to show the variations in flame structure, flame radiation, and formations of soot and NO in methane-air laminar nonpremixed flames with different CO2 dilutions of fuel. It is observed that the flame length reduces as the dilution of the fuel stream by CO2 increases while maintaining constant fuel jet velocity at the burner tip. However, the flame length remains almost unchanged with different blends of CH4 and CO2 if the burner loading (i.e., fuel flow rate×heating value of fuel) is kept constant. Both soot and NO formations decrease monotonically when the CO2 fraction in the fuel is increased. The radiation from the flame also decreases when CO2 dilution of the fuel is increased, particularly, when the fuel jet velocity is maintained constant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document