scholarly journals Studies on Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Effects of Hot Aqueous Extract ofAcacia niloticaL. Leaves against Common Veterinary Pathogens

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar Sharma ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Sharad Kumar Yadav ◽  
Anu Rahal
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigates ◽  
Dose Dependent

Acacia niloticais a plant species that is almost ubiquitously found in different parts of the world. Various preparations of it have been advocated in folk medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis, leprosy, smallpox, dysentery, cough, ophthalmia, toothache, skin cancer as astringent, antispasmodic, and aphrodisiac since immemorial times. The present study investigates the antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and immunomodulatory potential of hot aqueous extract (HAE) ofAcacia niloticaleaves. On dry matter basis, the filtered HAE had a good extraction ratio (33.46%) and was found to have carbohydrates, glycosides, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, saponins, and flavonoids as major constituents. HAE produced dose dependent zone of inhibition againstKlebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus uberisand fungal pathogensAspergillus nigerandAspergillus fumigates; however, no antiviral activity was recorded against IBR virus. HAE ofA. niloticarevealed both proliferative and inhibitory effects on the rat splenocytes and IL-10 release depending on the dose. Detailed studies involving wide spectrum of bacterial, fungal, and viral species are required to prove or know the exact status of each constituents of the plant extract.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis and Pharmacological Effects of Artemisia ludoviciana Aqueous Extract and Compounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701201
Author(s):  
Isabel Rivero-Cruz ◽  
Gerardo Anaya-Eugenio ◽  
Araceli Pérez-Vásquez ◽  
Ana Laura Martínez ◽  
Rachel Mata
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
Artemisia Ludoviciana ◽  
Dose Dependent

Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. (Asteraceae) is widely used in Mexican folk medicine for treating inflammation, diabetes and painful complaints. The in vivo antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antihyperalgesic activities of an aqueous extract (AE) of the plant were investigated using well-known animal models. AE reduced the licking time in the formalin test in healthy and NA-STZ mice; the activity was better during the inflammatory phase; accordingly, it displayed significant antiinflammatory when tested at the same doses using the carrageenan-induced oedema model. AE also produced a significant dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in the hot plate test at 100 and 316 mg/kg (p.o.). Phytochemical analysis of the non-polar fraction of AE resulted in the isolation of two major lactones [achillin (1) and dehydroleucodin (2)], which showed antiinflammatory effect, being 2 the most active at 17.7 mg/kg. A suitable analytical method was successfully developed and validated to quantify 1 and 2. Altogether, these results tend to support the medicinal uses of the plant.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF BARKS OF MYRIANTHUS HOLSTII ENGL. (CECROPIACEAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1143-1150
Author(s):  
Yeo Sounta Oumar ◽  
◽  
Monyn Ebalah Delphine ◽  
Silue Kalamourou ◽  
Mawa Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Variable Sensitivity ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aim of this work is to study phytochemicals and evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Myrianthus holstii bark on three reference and five clinical strains derived from biological products. The results obtained show that the gives the best extraction yield. Chemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponosides, quinones, anthocyanins, tannins, terpenoids and sterols in both extracts. The results obtained show that the strains tested have a variable sensitivity for the two extracts and their concentrations. Diffusion and dilution methods on Muller-Hinton were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extracts. The diameters of the inhibition zones are between 8 and 16 mm for the ethanolic extract starting from 25 mg/mL and between 8 and 12 mm for the aqueous extract at 50 mg/mL. The results revealed that these extracts have a dose-dependent antibacterial activity on the bacterial strains used. However, the 70% ethanolic extract has a better antibacterial potential on the strains compared with the aqueous extract, namely on S. aureus (CMI=3.12 mg/mL), E. coli ATCC (CMI=12.5 mg/mL) and S. aureus Meti-R (CMI=12.5 mg/mL). Also, this extract is bactericidal on all strains studied and its MIC ranges from 3.12 to 100 mg/mL after 24 and 48 hours of incubation. This study showed that extracts of Myrianthus holstii could be used in the treatment of infectious diseases.

Inhibitory Effects of Aloe Vera Gel Aqueous Extract and L. casei Against E. coli in Yoghurt

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Nemati Niko ◽  
P. Ghajarbeygi ◽  
R. Mahmoudi ◽  
S. Mousavi ◽  
K. Mardani
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel

Inhibitory effects of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on contractility of the rat bladder and uterus

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 1020-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Motaal M. Fouda ◽  
Mohamad-Hesham Y. Daba ◽  
Gamal M. Dahab
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Uterine Contractility ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Contraction Amplitude ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Rat Bladder ◽  
Autonomic Receptors ◽  
Dose Dependent

We examined an aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces extracts (HSE) by close-arterial injection on micturition thresholds (MTs) and on uterine contractions (rate and amplitude). Five doses of HSE were examined (1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) in 3 groups of rats: controls, after bladder inflammation, and after bilateral hypogastric neurectomy. In some rats, uterine contractions were induced by injection of oxytocin (OT) and the effect of HSE was compared with that of nifedipine. HSE increased MTs in a dose-dependent manner in all groups. Neither atropine (0.1 mg/kg) nor propranolol (0.4 mg/kg) had significant effects on cystometric parameters. They also did not affect the responses obtained by HSE on cystometric parameters. As with bladder response, HSE inhibited both the rate and amplitude of uterine contractions in all groups in a dose-dependent manner. The uterine response to HSE was not affected by administration of either atropine or propranolol. A slight, but significant, reduction of contraction amplitude by HSE in the OT precontracted uteri was only noted at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Nifedipine was more potent than HSE in reducing uterine contraction amplitude. The present work documents inhibition by HSE of the rat bladder and uterine contractility in a dose-dependent manner via a mechanism unrelated to local or remote autonomic receptors or calcium channels. However, further investigation is needed to establish the exact mechanism of action.

Investigation of Nutritional Contents, Antioxidant and Immunostimulatory Activities of Aqueous Extract from Laguncularia racemosa Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayane Kelly Dias do Nascimento Santos ◽  
Cristiane Moutinho Lagos de Melo ◽  
Elivânia Maria da Silva ◽  
Vanessa Silva de Almeida ◽  
Iranildo José da Cruz Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Laguncularia Racemosa ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Background: One of the four most incident species in mangrove is the Laguncularia racemosa, plant widely used in popular medicine against inflammation and fever. Objective: Here, L. racemosa was investigated in relation to their phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, citotoxicity, antimicrobial and immunostimulatory effect. Method: Aqueous extract was obtained from leaves of plant, its phytochemical profile was investigated through UPLC method, the antioxidant assays performed were TAA, DPPH, ABTS, nitrite and lipid peroxidation assay. Antimicrobial assays were made using standard strains. For all biological tests were used mice splenocytes and from these cell cultures were measured cytotoxicity, proliferation index and cytokines production. Results: Laguncularia racemosa leaves showed the presence of ions, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and high concentration of phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activities were promoted by aqueous extract, especially in DPPH and NO assays. Extract in 6 µg/mL did not induce significant cell death, stimulated the cell proliferation and the IL-4 production. Moreover, decreases of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 were found. Conclusion: The presence of essential nutrients, significant antioxidant activity and immune stimulation confirm the use of this plant in folk medicine against inflammation.

Interaction between amrinone and parathyroid hormone on bone in culture

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (6) ◽  
pp. E499-E504
Author(s):  
N. S. Krieger ◽  
P. H. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Basal Bone ◽  
Cardiotonic Agent ◽  
Neonatal Mouse Calvaria ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Stimulation Of

The cardiotonic agent amrinone has been postulated to directly affect Na-Ca exchange. Because stimulated bone resorption has been proposed to require Na-Ca exchange, we examined the effects of amrinone on bone. Amrinone inhibited release of Ca from neonatal mouse calvaria in organ culture stimulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3, or prostaglandin E2. Inhibition was dose dependent and maximal at 2 X 10(-4) M. The effect of amrinone differed from the inhibitory effects of calcitonin, ouabain, or nigericin in that 1) 6-h exposure to amrinone alone prevented the effect of subsequently added PTH; 2) amrinone was only partially effective if added after resorption was initiated by 24-h treatment with PTH; 3) coincubation with amrinone and PTH during the first 48 h of culture allowed for a response to PTH after amrinone was removed; no such protection by a stimulator occurred with ouabain or nigericin. Also submaximal concentrations of amrinone plus calcitonin, ouabain, or nigericin gave greater than additive inhibition of Ca release. Amrinone had no effect on basal bone cAMP or on the acute stimulation of cAMP by PTH. The results suggest that amrinone could have a more direct interaction with the pathway involved in stimulated bone resorption than the other inhibitors.

scholarly journals Synergistic Antimicrobial Activities of Combinations of Vanillin and Essential Oils of Cinnamon Bark, Cinnamon Leaves and Cloves

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Rita Cava-Roda ◽  
Amaury Taboada-Rodríguez ◽  
Antonio López-Gómez ◽  
Ginés Benito Martínez-Hernández ◽  
Fulgencio Marín-Iniesta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Main Component

Plant bioactive compounds have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities that allow them to be used as a substitute for synthetic chemical additives in both food and food packaging. To improve its sensory and bactericidal effects, its use in the form of effective combinations has emerged as an interesting possibility in the food industry. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of essential oils (EOs) of cinnamon bark, cinnamon leaves, and clove and the pure compounds vanillin, eugenol, and cinnamaldehyde were investigated individually and in combination against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The possible interactions of combinations of pure compounds and EOs were performed by the two-dimensional checkerboard assay and isobologram methods. Vanillin exhibited the lowest antimicrobial activity (MIC of 3002 ppm against L. monocytogenes and 2795 ppm against E. coli O157:H7), while clove and cinnamon bark EOs exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity (402–404 against L. monocytogenes and 778–721 against E. coli O157:H7). For L. monocytogenes, pure compound eugenol, the main component of cinnamon leaves and clove, showed lower antimicrobial activity than EOs, which was attributed to the influence of the minor components of the EOs. The same was observed with cinnamaldehyde, the main component of cinnamon bark EO. The combinations of vanillin/clove EO and vanillin/cinnamon bark EO showed the most synergistic antimicrobial effect. The combination of the EOs of cinnamon bark/clove and cinnamon bark/cinnamon leaves showed additive effect against L. monocytogenes but indifferent effect against E. coli O157:H7. For L. monocytogenes, the best inhibitory effects were achieved by cinnamon bark EO (85 ppm)/vanillin (910 ppm) and clove EO (121 ppm)/vanillin (691 ppm) combinations. For E. coli, the inhibitory effects of clove EO (104 ppm)/vanillin (1006 ppm) and cinnamon leaves EO (118 ppm)/vanillin (979 ppm) combinations were noteworthy. Some of the tested combinations increased the antimicrobial effect and would allow the effective doses to be reduced, thereby offering possible new applications for food and active food packaging.

The effect of deer antler from East Kalimantan to increase trabecular bone density and calcium levels in serum on osteoporotic mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Widyowati ◽  
Suciati Suciati ◽  
Dewi Melani Haryadi ◽  
Hsin-I Chang ◽  
IPG Ngurah Suryawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Trabecular Bone Density ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Deer Antler ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Objectives Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (dexamethasone) is a primary cause of secondary osteoporosis by the decreasing formation and increasing resorption activities. Previously, the in vitro study showed that 70% ethanol and aqueous extract of deer antler have increased alkaline phosphatase in osteoblast cell that known as marker of bone formation. The mind of this study is to analyze the effect of deer antlers in increasing the bone trabecular density of osteoporosis-induced male mice. Methods This study used a post-test control group design. A total of 54 healthy male mice were randomly divided to nine groups, i.e., healthy control, osteoporotic, positive control, 70% ethanol (4, 8, and 12 mg/kg BW), and aqueous extracts (4, 8, and 12 mg/kg BW) of deer antler groups. All of the interventions were given 1 mL of test sample for 4 weeks orally. The bone densities were determined using histomorphometry by Image J and Adobe Photoshop. The statistical data were performed using SPSS 23 and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results The results showed that alendronate group, 70% ethanol, and aqueous extract groups increased bone density and calcium levels in serum (p<0.05) compared to osteoporotic group in dose dependent manner. It indicated that 70% ethanol and aqueous extract of deer antler stimulating bone turnover and aqueous extract showed the highest. Conclusions Dexamethasone induction for 4 weeks caused osteoporotic mice and the administration of 70% ethanol and aqueous extracts of deer antler from East Kalimantan increased trabecular bone density and calcium levels in dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Bacterial Pathogens from Bovine and Caprine Mastitis in Northern Lebanon

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1148
Author(s):  
Zahie Abboud ◽  
Lucia Galuppo ◽  
Marco Tolone ◽  
Maria Vitale ◽  
Roberto Puleio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis

Mastitis is an infectious disease encountered in dairy animals worldwide that is currently a growing concern in Lebanon. This study aimed at investigating the etiology of the main mastitis-causing pathogens in Northern Lebanon, determining their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and identifying their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. A total of 101 quarter milk samples were collected from 77 cows and 11 goats presenting symptoms of mastitis on 45 dairy farms. Bacterial identification was carried out through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Molecular characterization included polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC among Enterobacterales isolates, and virulence factors among Staphylococcus isolates. Escherichia coli isolates were subjected to phylogenetic typing by a quadruplex PCR method. The most frequently identified species were Streptococcus uberis (19.2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (15.1%), E. coli (12.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (10.96%). Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to macrolides and tetracycline, whereas gram-negative bacteria displayed resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. Two ESBL genes, blaTEM (83.3%) and blaOXA (16.7%), and one AmpC beta-lactamase gene, blaCMY-II (16.7%), were detected among six E. coli isolates, which mainly belonged to phylogenetic group B1. Among Staphylococcus spp., the mecA gene was present in three isolates. Furthermore, four isolates contained at least one toxin gene, and all S. aureus isolates carried the ica operon. These findings revealed the alarming risk of AMR in the Lebanese dairy chain and the importance of monitoring antimicrobial usage.

scholarly journals Influence of nutrient availability on in vitro growth of major bovine mastitis pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Remo Stürmlin ◽  
Josef J. Gross ◽  
Olga Wellnitz ◽  
Lea A. Wagner ◽  
Camille Monney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of milk composition changes on the in vitro growth of bovine mastitis pathogens. Nutritional requirements of three major bovine mastitis pathogens Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) were investigated in vitro. We used ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk with different contents of fat, protein, and carbohydrates to test the influence of the availability of various milk constituents on pathogen growth characteristics. Additionally, the bacterial growth was investigated under experimentally modified nutrient availability by dilution and subsequent supplementation with individual nutrients (carbohydrates, different nitrogen sources, minerals, and different types of B vitamins) either to milk or to a conventional medium (thioglycolate broth, TB). Varying contents of fat, protein or lactose did not affect bacterial growth with the exception of growth of S. uberis being promoted in protein-enriched milk. The addition of nutrients to diluted whole milk and TB partly revealed different effects, indicating that there are media-specific growth limiting factors after dilution. Supplementation of minerals to diluted milk did not affect growth rates of all studied bacteria. Bacterial growth in diluted whole milk was decreased by the addition of high concentrations of amino acids in S. aureus, and by urea and additional B vitamins in E. coli and S. aureus. The growth rate of S. uberis was increased by the addition of B vitamins to diluted whole milk. The present results demonstrate that growth-limiting nutrients differ among pathogen types. Because reduced bacterial growth was only shown in diluted milk or TB, it is unlikely that alterations in nutrient availability occurring as a consequence of physiological changes of milk composition in the cow's udder would directly affect the susceptibility or course of bovine mastitis.

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