Magnetron Sputtering a New Fabrication Method of Iron Based Biodegradable Implant Materials

It was shown in the previous decade that pure-iron has a large potential as a biodegradable medical implant material. It is necessary to tailor the material properties according to the intended use of the device. It is of great interest to investigate not only the influence of processing on the material properties but also alternative fabrication methods. In this work for the first time magnetron sputtering in combination with UV lithography was used to fabricate free standing, patterned pure-iron thick films. For the intended use as biodegradable implant material free standing thick films were characterized in terms of microstructure, degradation performance, and mechanical properties before and after various heat treatments. The influence of microstructural changes on the degradation behavior was determined by linear polarization measurements. The mechanical properties were characterized by tensile tests. Microstructure, surface, and composition were investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The foils exhibited a preferential orientation in110direction and a fine grained structure. Furthermore they showed a higher strength compared to cast iron and corrosion rates in the range of 0.1 mm/year. Their mechanical properties were tuned by grain coarsening resulting in a slight increase of the degradation rate.

Download Full-text

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Chromium Carbide Coatings Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering Technique

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.397.118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 397 ◽

pp. 118-124

Author(s):

Linda Aissani ◽

Khaoula Rahmouni ◽

Laala Guelani ◽

Mourad Zaabat ◽

Akram Alhussein

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Structural Properties ◽

Annealing Temperature ◽

Diffusion Mechanism ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Chromium Carbides ◽

X Ray ◽

Mechanical And Structural Properties

From the hard and anti-corrosions coatings, we found the chromium carbides, these components were discovered by large studies; like thin films since years ago. They were pointed a good quality for the protection of steel, because of their thermal and mechanical properties for this reason, it was used in many fields for protection. Plus: their hardness and their important function in mechanical coatings. The aim of this work joins a study of the effect of the thermal treatment on mechanical and structural properties of the Cr/steel system. Thin films were deposited by cathodic magnetron sputtering on the steel substrates of 100C6, contain 1% wt of carbon. Samples were annealing in vacuum temperature interval between 700 to 1000 °C since 45 min, it forms the chromium carbides. Then pieces are characterising by X-ray diffraction, X-ray microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties are analysing by Vickers test. The X-ray diffraction analyse point the formation of the Cr7C3, Cr23C6 carbides at 900°C; they transformed to ternary carbides in a highest temperature, but the Cr3C2 doesn’t appear. The X-ray microanalysis shows the diffusion mechanism between the chromium film and the steel sample; from the variation of: Cr, Fe, C, O elements concentration with the change of annealing temperature. The variation of annealing temperature shows a clean improvement in mechanical and structural properties, like the adhesion and the micro-hardness.

Download Full-text

Biodegradable Mg for Bone Implants: Corrosion and Osteoblast Culture Studies

Volume 15: Processing and Engineering Applications of Novel Materials ◽

10.1115/imece2008-69224 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

YeoHeung Yun ◽

Zhongyun Dong ◽

Dianer Yang ◽

Vesselin Shanov ◽

Zhigang Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Culture Media ◽

Corrosion Current ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Biodegradable Implant ◽

Cell Culture Media ◽

X Ray ◽

Implant Material

Corrosion and cell culture experiments were performed to evaluate magnesium (Mg) as a possible biodegradable implant material. The corrosion current and potential of a Mg disk were measured in different physiological solutions. The corrosion currents in cell culture media were found to be higher than in deionized water, which verifies that corrosion of Mg occurs faster in chloride solution. Weight loss, open-circuit potential, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were also performed. The Mg specimens were also characterized using an environmental scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX). The x-ray analysis showed that in the cell culture media a passive interfacial layer containing oxygen, chloride, phosphate, and potassium formed on the samples. U2OS cells were then co-cultured with a Mg specimen for up to one week. Based on visual observation, cell growth and function were not significantly altered by the presence of the corroding Mg sample. These initial results indicate that Mg may be suitable as a biodegradable implant material. Future work will develop small sensors to investigate interfacial biocompatibility of Mg implants.

Download Full-text

Deposition of aluminum Oxynitride Films by Magnetron Sputtering: Effect of Bombardment and Substrate Heating on Structural and Mechanical Properties

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-388-311 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 388 ◽

Author(s):

Russell V. Smilgys ◽

Eric Takamura ◽

Irwin L. Singer ◽

Steven W. Robey ◽

Douglas A. Kirkpatrick

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Aluminum Oxynitride ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Etch Pits ◽

X Ray ◽

Substrate Heating ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Planar Magnetron ◽

Continuous Indentation

ABSTRACTAluminum oxynitride films, 1 μm thick, are deposited onto glass substrates by planar magnetron sputtering from an alumina target in a mixture of nitrogen and argon. one set of films is deposited onto glass substrates that are heat sunk to a holder, whose temperature is held below 100°C. a second set of films is deposited onto glass substrates that are mechanically clamped to a holder, whose temperature is allowed to rise up to 250°C. Characterization by continuous indentation testing, secondary electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction reveals significant differences in mechanical properties and surface structure between the two sets of films. Films deposited with holder cooling have a smooth surface and no evidence of crystallinity; films deposited without holder cooling have etch pits on their surface that vary with position across the substrate. the later films show crystallinity and have twice the hardness and a 60% greater elastic modulus.

Download Full-text

X-ray diffraction investigations of adherent and free standing TiN coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering

Surface and Coatings Technology ◽

10.1016/0257-8972(90)90148-6 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 377-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

V. Valvoda ◽

R. Kužel ◽

L. Dobiášová ◽

R. Černý ◽

V. Poulek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Free Standing ◽

X Ray ◽

Tin Coatings

Download Full-text

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiN/TiCN/TiC Multilayer Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering

10.20944/preprints201807.0160.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Abbas Razmi ◽

Ruhi Yeşildal

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Titanium Carbonitride ◽

Nanoindentation Test ◽

Multilayer Thin Films ◽

Test Results ◽

X Ray ◽

Cp Ti

Enhancement of mechanical properties by using TiN/TiCN/TiC multilayer thin films deposited on commercially pure cast Titanium (CP-Ti), Ti6Al4V and silicon (Si) substrates via magnetron sputtering technique was investigated in this study. The structural, chemical and mechanical properties of the coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nanoindentation and scratch test. Results of the XRD analysis showed reflections corresponded to FCC (1 1 1) cubic and polycrystalline structure for TiN/TiCN/TiC films. XPS analysis revealed formation of titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride and titanium carbide in the coatings. According to SEM images, the coatings demonstrated dense cross-sectional morphology and columnar structure as well as good adhesion to the substrate with a thickness of 1.77 μm deposited on silicon (1 0 0). Scratch and nanoindentation test results showed the best mechanical behavior for the coated Ti6Al4V substrate material with the 19.96 GPa hardness and 25 N critical load values, because of its higher hardness and toughness of substrate in compared to Cp-Ti substrate.

Download Full-text

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cr1-xAlxN Coating

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.531.3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 531 ◽

pp. 3-6

Author(s):

C.L. Zhong ◽

L.E. Luo

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Lattice Parameter ◽

Reactive Magnetron ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Al Content ◽

Compound Coating ◽

Cubic Structure

A series of Cr1-xAlxN coatings were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. The content, microstructure and the hardness of the thin films were characterized respectively with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nanoindentor. The effect of Al content on the microstructure and hardness was studied. It was found that Cr1-xAlxN compound coating exhibits a cubic structure with (1 1 1) preferred orientations and that the lattice parameter of Cr1-xAlxN coatings decrease with the increase of Al content. The hardness of Cr1-xAlxN compound coating is higher than that of CrN and increases with the increase of Al content.

Download Full-text

X-ray reflectivity and diffraction investigation on TiN/SiNx nanolayered coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering

Powder Diffraction ◽

10.1154/1.2790931 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 316-318

Author(s):

Tao An ◽

Hongwei Tian ◽

Weitao Zheng

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Multilayer Coatings ◽

Substrate Bias ◽

Reactive Magnetron ◽

Maximum Hardness ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Substrate Bias Voltage ◽

X Ray ◽

Sharp Interfaces

Polycrystalline TiN/SiNx multilayer coatings were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering from Ti and Si targets. Interfaces, structures, and mechanical properties of the multilayers were characterized using X-ray reflectivity (XRR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nanoindentation analyses. Results showed that substrate bias voltage had a significant influence on the structures and mechanical properties of the multilayer coatings, in which sharp interfaces are responsible for an enhancement of mechanical properties of the multilayer coatings. The maximum hardness occurs at the −80 V coating with the sharpest interface and the strongest [200] preferred orientation.

Download Full-text

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiN/TiCN/TiC Multilayer Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering

10.20944/preprints201807.0127.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Abbas Razmi ◽

Ruhi Yeşildal

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Titanium Carbonitride ◽

Nanoindentation Test ◽

Multilayer Thin Films ◽

Test Results ◽

X Ray ◽

Cp Ti

Download Full-text

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability of TiAlN/Si3N4 Nano-Multilayer Films Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.489 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79-82 ◽

pp. 489-492

Author(s):

Jiang Ling Yue ◽

Yan Sheng Yin ◽

Ge Yang Li

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Multilayer Films ◽

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Reactive Magnetron ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Si3n4 Layer ◽

Superlattice Structure

A series of TiAlN/Si3N4 nano-multilayer films with various Si3N4 layer thicknesses were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. These multilayers were then annealed at temperatures ranging from 600 to 900°C in air for 1 hour. The composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the films were characterized by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation. It reveals that under the template effect of TiAlN layers in multilayers, as-deposited amorphous Si3N4 is crystallized and grows coherently with TiAlN layers when Si3N4 layer thickness is below 0.6 nm. Correspondingly, the hardness and elastic modulus of the multilayers increase significantly. With further increase in the layer thickness, Si3N4 transforms into amorphous, resulting in a decrease of hardness and modulus. The TiAlN/Si3N4 nano-multilayers could retain their superlattice structure even up to 900°C. The small decrease in the hardness of multilayers annealed below 800°C was correlated to the release of compressive stress in multilayers. However, oxidation was found on the surface of multilayers when annealed at 800°C, which resulted in a marked decrease in the hardness of multilayers. The multilayers presented higher hardness as compared with the monolithic TiAlN film.

Download Full-text