Product Development Model for Tempe Chocolate Chips Based on Costumer Preferences in Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia

This study aims to determine the attributes and categories that are important in product development and its model to obtain appropriate design recommendations based on consumer preferences using Quantification Theory Type 1 (QTT1). The number of respondents involved was 250 respondents in Banjarnegara Regency who were selected on purposive sampling. Respondents were asked to rate the level of preference for 14 samples of chocolate tempe chips. The results of the identification of attributes and categories that affect preferences obtained seven attributes and 19 categories, namely shape attributes (round, square, triangle, and oval), thickness (thin and thick), size (large and medium), distinctive aroma (tempe, chocolate, and fruits), flavors (chocolate and variants), surface layers (glossy, sprinkles, sprinkles & chocolate, visible tempe surface & sprinkles), as well as coatings (chocolate compound coating and chocolate coating & sprinkles). Based on the data analysis, some recommendations for product development of chocolate tempe chips are: round, 0.15 mm thick, 8 cm wide, flavored and chocolatey, glossy coating with chocolate coating and sprinkles. Keywords: costumer’s preferences, product development model, tempe chocolate chips

Heat Treatment-Induced Microstructure and Property Evolution of Mg/Al Intermetallic Compound Coatings Prepared by Al Electrodeposition on Mg Alloy from Molten Salt Electrolytes

A method of forming an Mg/Al intermetallic compound coating enriched with Mg17Al12 and Mg2Al3 was developed by heat treatment of electrodeposition Al coatings on Mg alloy at 350 °C. The composition of the Mg/Al intermetallic compounds could be tuned by changing the thickness of the Zn immersion layer. The morphology and composition of the Mg/Al intermetallic compound coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). Nanomechanical properties were investigated via nano-hardness (nHV) and the elastic modulus (EIT), and the corrosion behavior was studied through hydrogen evolution and potentiodynamic (PD) polarization. The compact and uniform Al coating was electrodeposited on the Zn-immersed AZ91D substrate. After heat treatment, Mg2Al3 and Mg17Al12 phases formed, and as the thickness of the Zn layer increased from 0.2 to 1.8 μm, the ratio of Mg2Al3 and Mg17Al12 varied from 1:1 to 4:1. The nano-hardness increased to 2.4 ± 0.5 GPa and further improved to 3.5 ± 0.1 GPa. The Mg/Al intermetallic compound coating exhibited excellent corrosion resistance and had a prominent effect on the protection of the Mg alloy matrix. The control over the ratio of intermetallic compounds by varying the thickness of the Zn immersion layer can be an effective approach to achieve the optimal comprehensive performance. As the Zn immersion time was 4 min, the obtained intermetallic compounds had relatively excellent comprehensive properties.

Anti-icing performance on aluminum surfaces and proposed model for freezing time calculation

In this work, we proposed a facile approach to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface for anti-icing performance in terms of adhesive strength and freezing time. A hierarchical structure was generated on as-received Al plates using a wet etching method and followed with a low energy chemical compound coating. Surfaces after treatment exhibited the great water repellent properties with a high contact angle and extremely low sliding angle. An anti-icing investigation was carried out by using a custom-built apparatus and demonstrated the expected low adhesion and freezing time for icephobic applications. In addition, we proposed a model for calculating the freezing time. The experimented results were compared with theoretical calculation and demonstrated the good agreement, illustrating the importance of theoretical contribution in design icephobic surfaces. Therefore, this study provides a guideline for the understanding of icing phenomena and designing of icephobic surfaces.

Multi-Functional Luminescent Coating for Wood Fabric Based on Silica Sol-Gel Approach

Environmentally friendly protection coatings have obtained increasing attention for their use in wooden materials, which can be destroyed easily when exposed to outdoor environments. A series of silane sol coatings coordinated with Eu3+ was prepared by hydrolyzing silane compounds. The obtained luminescent coating with three-dimensional net structure showed excellent optical, anti-ultraviolet aging, and thermal stability. The hybrid silane-modified compound coating was well-distributed on the wood by Si–O bonds to prevent its removal. The compound coating could stave off the decomposition of wood by converting ultraviolet light into red light and a charring action can endow the wood with thermal stability at high temperature, demonstrating the improvement of fire resistance and radiation residence following prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light, proving its excellent anti-ultraviolet aging properties.

Effect of the temperature on the rheological properties of compound coating

The objective of our experiment was to investigate the rheological properties of a compound coating depending on the pre-treatment temperature regimes.Compound coating samples were measured at six different temperatures with 2 °C resolution between 40 and 50 °C. One part of melted samples was measured by RV1 rotational rheometer at the actual melting temperatures and the other part of melted samples was filled into 9 × 9 × 9 mm cubes molds. These cubes were cooled 24 h in freezer (−18 °C) and next day the samples were warmed to room temperature for 3 hours with different temperature combinations. The solid cubes were measured with Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) test by SMS TA-XTplus Texture Analyzer at room temperature.Results show the effect of pre-treatment on the viscosity of the coating. Furthermore, significant differences were found among the samples cooled with different cooling methods. Our results stress the importance of the correct handling of the materials for confectioners.

Effect of Natural Rubber Compound (NRC)/ Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Coating on Abrasion and Hardness, Adhesive and Shear Properties for Pavement Surface

The efficiency of the modify natural rubber (NR) combination with methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer for pavement surface was studied. The modified coating for pavement surface consisted of MMA resin and natural rubber compound (NRC) at the weight ratio of 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 30:70, respectively. The effect of rubber in MMA was studied in terms of hardness (shore A and pencil tests), adhesive, abrasion and shear strength. The results showed that hardness (shore A) and adhesion of the compound coating slightly decreased with addition of NRC. Abrasion, hardness pencil tests and shear strength notably reduced as decreasing MMA and increasing NRC concentration. The most optimum sample satisfing the pavement surface standard is M7N3 consisting of MMA:NRC of 70:30.

Bond Behaviour of Steel and Concrete with Pull-Out Test

This experimental investigation presents the influence of rebar’s which has protecting coating, rested rebar and fresh rebar and there bond strength development between the steel and concrete. Pull-out experiment was conducted Universal Testing Machine (UTM) which has a capacity of 400 KN as per IS code procedure. The tested rebar includes rusty rebar, acid preserved rebar and cement chemical compound anticorrosive coated rebar. The Concrete mix design for M25 grade of concrete were used and therefore 18 concrete cube specimens with external projection of steel rod were tested. The various load slip behaviour was studied at the free end finish and loaded end victimization dial gauges. The last word bond stress just like the lowest load worth of 0.025 mm metal slip and 0.25 mm slip was thought of as a result of the usable bond strength of steel rebar’s and concrete. The check results blatant correlation exists between Load at 0.025 mm free finish slip and 0.25 mm loaded finish slip. It had been found that presence of rust and cement compound anticorrosive coating among the steel concrete interface appreciably can increase the bond strength of the order of 20 % and 27 % severally for 16mm diameter bars as compared to rust free rebar. For 20mm dia. Bars has totally different bond strength for rusty rebar’s and therefore the increase in bond strength for coated bars are compared with 2 differing kinds of uncoated bars and rusted rebar’s were determined. It’s over that presence of rust influences in reduction / increase in bond strength hoping on the character of rust at the interface among the initial ages. Application of cement compound coating has been improves the bond strength of the order of 31% – 37 % to satisfies the necessities of Burse Indian Standards code (IS)