scholarly journals Ear Infection and Its Associated Risk Factors in First Nations and Rural School-Aged Canadian Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandima P. Karunanayake ◽  
William Albritton ◽  
Donna C. Rennie ◽  
Joshua A. Lawson ◽  
Laura McCallum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Ear Infections ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background.Ear infections in children are a major health problem and may be associated with hearing impairment and delayed language development.Objective.To determine the prevalence and the associated risk factors of ear infections in children 6–17 years old residing on two reserves and rural areas in the province of Saskatchewan.Methodology.Data were provided from two rural cross-sectional children studies. Outcome variable of interest was presence/absence of an ear infection. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between ear infection and the other covariates.Results.The prevalence of ear infection was 57.8% for rural Caucasian children and 43.6% for First Nations children living on-reserve. First Nations children had a lower risk of ear infection. Ear infection prevalence was positively associated with younger age; first born in the family; self-reported physician-diagnosed tonsillitis; self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma; and any respiratory related allergy. Protective effect of breastfeeding longer than three months was observed on the prevalence of ear infection.Conclusions.While ear infection is a prevalent condition of childhood, First Nations children were less likely to have a history of ear infections when compared to their rural Caucasian counterparts.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factor of hypertension among individuals of age 18-59 years in South-eastern Nepal: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajjwal Pyakurel ◽  
Deepak Kumar Yadav ◽  
Jeevan Thapa ◽  
Nishant Thakur ◽  
Pramita Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for the rising burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in developing region. It has also been recognized as one of the major public health problems in the developing countries since the early seventies and the rate is increasing not only in urban areas but in rural areas with low socio-economic condition.  Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Jogidaha Village Development Comittee(VDC) and Triyuga Municipality of Udaypur district of South-Eastern Nepal. A total of 430 participants of age 18-59 years were selected. Semi-structured questionnaire (WHO NCD STEPS instrument) was used to collect information on demographic variables and associated risk factors with use of show cards. Clinical and anthropometric measurement were done. Primary outcome was prevalence of hypertension. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed to show strength of association among various risk factors with hypertension.  Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 25.1%. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 49.8%. Hypertension was significantly associated with age (AOR=1.09, CI=1.05-1.10) and gender (male >female; AOR= 2.12,CI =1.22-3.68). Similarly, increased waist-hip ratio(7.12; CI 2.87-17.67),alcohol consumption(OR=2.82,CI=1.77-4.52), and use of tobacco products (OR =1.8,CI=1.02-3.20) showed significant association with hypertension. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of hypertension in rural districts of South-Eastern Nepal. A community-based preventive approach with early detection and treatment and life-style modification is needed to reduce the burden of disease and make sustainable changes. 

scholarly journals Chronic bronchitis in Aboriginal people—prevalence and associated factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Konrad ◽  
A Hossain ◽  
A Senthilselvan ◽  
JA Dosman ◽  
MD Pahwa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Introduction Knowledge about chronic bronchitis (CB) among Aboriginal people in Canada is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CB and its associated factors among Aboriginal people aged 15 years plus. Methods Logistic regression analysis was used on data from the cross-sectional 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey to determine risk factors associated with CB. Results CB prevalence was 6.6% among First Nations, 6.2% among Métis and 2.4% among Inuit. Prevalence was higher among females than males (7.2% versus 5.0%). Individuals with CB were more likely to be older, living at a lower income, with a lower educational attainment and residing in rural areas. Smoking status and body mass index were also significantly associated with CB, but their effect differed by sex. Obesity was particularly significantly associated with CB among females compared with males, and current smoking and non-smoking status was significantly associated with CB among females but not males. Conclusion These findings identify factors associated with CB among Aboriginal people. As such, they may represent potentially preventable risk factors that can inform health promotion and disease prevention practices.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors among Bhutanese Monks in Thimphu, Bhutan: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Kinley Bidha ◽  
Nazmul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Hypertension is a major health problem and it accounts for more than 9.4 million people to die every year globally due to its high complications. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and high research importance has been given due to its high prevalence. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and to assess its risk factors among monks populations in Thimphu. A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling method was conducted among the five different monasteries in Thimphu. A self administered questionnaire was structured for 307 monks from age 18 and above. The prevalence rate of hypertension in the present study was 32.6% among Bhutanese monks. Hypertension is significantly higher in elder age groups which conclude that hypertension increase with the increase of age and have a strong association. Alcohol use, betel consumption, and physical inactivity were found to be significant risk factors for developing hypertension. With the 32.6% prevalence rate, only 26% of them are receiving medications. There is an impending need for effective intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Ear Infection and Its Associated Risk Factors, Comorbidity, and Health Service Use in Australian Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasoontara Yiengprugsawan ◽  
Anthony Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Health Service Use ◽  
Indigenous Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Early Intervention Services ◽  
Bivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

This study investigates and identifies risk factors, comorbidity, and health service use related to ear infection in Australian children. Two cross-sectional analyses of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) involved 4,983 children aged 4 to 5 years in 2004 and aged 10 to 11 years in 2010. Odds ratios (ORs) were analysed using bivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of parent-reported ear infection was 7.9% (394) among children aged 4 to 5 years and 3.3% (139) at 10 to 11 years. Our study found that risk factors associated with ear infection were indigenous status, not being breastfed, mother or father smoking at least once a day, and father’s school completion at year 9 or lower. By age 10 to 11 years significantly reported comorbidities were tonsillitis (OR 4.67;P<0.001), headache (OR 2.13;P=0.006), and asthma (OR 1.67;P=0.003) and ear infection was found to be associated with the use of pediatrician (OR 1.83;P=0.031), other specialist (OR 2.12;P<0.001), and early intervention services (OR 3.08;P=0.010). This empirical evidence can be used to inform the development of intervention and management programs for ear infection.

scholarly journals Stunting coexisting with overweight in 2·0–4·9-year-old Indonesian children: prevalence, trends and associated risk factors from repeated cross-sectional surveys

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 2698-2707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cut Novianti Rachmi ◽  
Kingsley Emwinyore Agho ◽  
Mu Li ◽  
Louise Alison Baur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Indonesian Family Life Survey ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractObjectiveThe persistence of undernutrition, along with overweight and obesity, constitute the double burden of malnutrition. The present study aimed to: (i) describe the prevalence and trends of concurrent stunting and overweight in Indonesian children; (ii) identify potentially associated risk factors; and (iii) determine whether stunted children are at greater risk of overweight compared with those of healthy height.DesignA secondary data analysis of children aged 2·0–4·9 years in four cross-sectional studies of the Indonesian Family Life Survey. Children’s height and BMI Z-scores were calculated based on the WHO Child Growth Standards (2006). We defined ‘concurrent stunting and overweight’ as height-for-age Z-score <−2 and BMI Z-score >+1. Multivariate generalised linear latent and mixed models were used to determine associated risk factors.SettingThirteen out of twenty-seven provinces in Indonesia.SubjectsChildren (n 4101) from four waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (1993–2007).ResultsThere were inconsistent trends in the prevalence of concurrent stunting and overweight from waves 1 to 4. Children were more likely to be stunted and overweight when they were in the youngest age group (2·0–2·9 years), were weaned after the age of 6 months, had short-statured mothers or lived in rural areas. Stunted children were significantly more likely to be overweight than healthy-height children (OR>1) but did not differ significantly different across each wave (OR=1·34–2·01).ConclusionsConcurrent stunting and overweight occurs in Indonesian children aged 2·0–4·9 years. Current policies and programmes need to be tailored for the management of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among office employees working at BSNL and LIC offices of Bhopal city

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2476
Author(s):  
Manju Dubey ◽  
Yachana Choudhary ◽  
Padma Bhatia ◽  
G. P. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Office Employees

Background: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease. In India, the prevalence of hypertension is 33.8% in urban areas and 27.6% in rural areas. Hypertension is fairly common among white collar workers, owing to long working hours, sedentary lifestyle and due to lack of physical activity. This study was carried out among the office employees, who constitute one type of white collar workers. The aims and objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of hypertension among office employees and to find out the various risk factors associated with hypertension among them.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 240 employees of two offices of Bhopal city from September to November 2016. Information regarding socio-demographic characteristics and various risk factors was collected. Measurement of blood pressure, height and weight of all participants were taken.Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 53.33%, out of which 25.7% cases were newly diagnosed. Hypertension was positively associated with cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, adding extra salt to food.Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension among office workers is alarmingly high (53.33% hypertensives and 25% prehypertensives) which calls for implementation of some interventional measures by the concerned authorities.

scholarly journals Prevalence of first-degree atrioventricular block and the associated risk factors: a cross-sectional study in rural Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Du ◽  
Liying Xing ◽  
Min Lin ◽  
Yuanmeng Tian ◽  
Li Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Atrioventricular Block ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background First-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) has traditionally been regarded as a benign condition but recent studies have challenged this conception. Prevalence of 1–2% have been reported in developed countries in Asia. However, no epidemiologic studies have established the prevalence of first-degree AVB in developing countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of first-degree AVB in rural northeast China and identify the associated risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study was undertaken from September 2017 to May 2018 in rural areas of Liaoning Province. It involved 10,926 participants aged ≥40 years (85.3% of those who were eligible). First-degree AVB was confirmed by at least two independent cardiologists. Risk factors were evaluated using stepwise logistic regression. Results The prevalence of first-degree AVB was 3.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.0–3.8%). Males had a higher prevalence than females (5.1% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.001). The regression model involving all participants showed that age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.32; p <0.001), male sex (OR: 1.72; p = 0.001), height (OR: 1.25; p = 0.008), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR: 1.15; p = 0.003), triglycerides (TG) (OR: 1.10; p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR: 0.73; p < 0.001), heart rate (OR: 0.78; p < 0.001), and exercising regularly (OR: 0.73; p = 0.030) were independent risk factors. Conclusions First-degree AVB is highly prevalent in rural areas of northeast China. The associated independent risk factors include being male, older, and taller, higher SBP and TG, lower HDL-C and heart rate, and lack of exercise.

scholarly journals Assessing the Magnitude and Risk Factors Associated With Undiagnosed Hypertension in Rural Rwanda

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Christian Mazimpaka ◽  
Sabin Nsanzimana ◽  
Jenae Logan ◽  
Agnes Binagwaho ◽  
Rex Wong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Individuals living with hypertension are predisposed to higher risk of stroke, kidney diseases and heart failure. Approximately 9.4 million people worldwide die from complications related to hypertension every year. Hypertension is often known as the silent killer because many people do not develop any symptoms until they get very sick. Early screening is particularly important for better treatment outcomes yet it remains a challenge in many countries. Worldwide, approximately 50% of people are living with undiagnosed hypertension. In Rwanda, the rate of undiagnosed hypertension is unknown, and so are the associated risk factors in rural communities. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to determine the rate and risk factors of undiagnosed hypertension among adults in a rural community in Rwanda.  The proportion of people having undiagnosed hypertension was found to be high. Out of 155 study participants, 41.9% had undiagnosed hypertension, with slightly more men having hypertension (52.3%) than women (47.7%). More than 98% of respondents either did not know or knew wrong information about hypertension, and only 3% knew they should have regular checkups with physicians. Age (p=0.027) and alcohol consumption (p=0.014) were found to be statistically significantly associated with hypertension. Smoking and exercise were not found to be risk factors as most Rwandans living in the rural areas are physically active.  Programs to promote hypertension awareness, encourage regular physical checkups, and reduce alcohol consumption are needed to improve diagnosis and control of hypertension in Rwanda. Community programs offering free regular blood pressure checks may also be helpful in identifying early hypertension. Larger scale studies of this kind should be conducted to understand whether results can be generalized to other areas of Rwanda.

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