scholarly journals An Investigation of the Robustness of Physical and Numerical Vanishing Interfacial Tension Experimentation in Determining CO2 + Crude Oil Minimum Miscibility Pressure

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayanand Saini
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Optical Cell ◽  
Gas Phases ◽  
Minimum Miscibility Pressure ◽  
Measured Input

Different experimental and theoretical methods are used for predicting the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of complex CO2 + reservoir crude oil systems that are of particular interest to petroleum industry. In this paper, published physical and numerical vanishing interfacial tension (VIT) experimentations are critically examined for identifying best practices to reliably predict the CO2 + crude oil MMP. Some of the reported physical VIT experimentation studies appear to follow a portion of full scale VIT experimentation (i.e., a combination of the pendent drop method and the capillary rise technique). The physical VIT experimentation method in which the IFT measurements are made at varying pressures but with the same initial load of live oil and gas phases in the optical cell seems to be the most robust mechanistic procedure for experimentally studying the pressure dependence of IFT behaviors of complex CO2 + crude oil systems and thus determining the MMP using the VIT technique. The results presented here suggest that a basic parachor expression based on numerical VIT experimentation can reasonably follow the physical VIT experimentation in low IFT region, provided measured input data such as equilibrium phase densities and compositions are used in calculations.

scholarly journals Determination and evaluation of minimum miscibility pressure using various methods: experimental, visual observation, and simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muslim Abdurrahman ◽  
Wisup Bae ◽  
Asep Kurnia Permadi
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Tension Test ◽  
Tube Test ◽  
Minimum Miscibility Pressure ◽  
Strong Point ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Valuable Method

This research proposes a simultaneous technique using various methods to yield the most reliable Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP) value. Several methods have been utilized in this study including slim tube test, swelling test, vanishing interfacial tension test, visual observation during swelling test and vanishing interfacial tension test, and simulation. The proposed method may reduce the uncertainty and avoid doubtful MMP. The method can also demonstrate discrepancies among the results. There were two samples used in this study namely Crude Oil AB-5 and Crude Oil AB-4. It showed that for Crude Oil AB-5 the discrepancies among the results from that of the slim tube test were between 3.9% and 10.4% and 0% and 5.9% for the temperature of 60 °C and 66 °C, respectively. The highest discrepancy was shown by the results from the visual observation during vanishing interfacial tension test and the lowest discrepancy was shown by the results from the swelling test. The vanishing interfacial tension test was found to be the fastest method for predicting the MMP. The method also consumed a smaller amount of oil and gas samples for the experiment. The simultaneous method proposed in this study is considered as more proper and exhibits a valuable method for predicting the MMP. This technique has never been found to be performed by previous researchers and accordingly it becomes the strong point of this study to contribute to the global research in the area of MMP determination.

scholarly journals An Improved CO2-Crude Oil Minimum Miscibility Pressure Correlation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Dali Hou ◽  
Kai Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Empirical Correlation ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Absolute Relative Error ◽  
Minimum Miscibility Pressure ◽  
New Correlation ◽  
Average Absolute Relative Error

Minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), which plays an important role in miscible flooding, is a key parameter in determining whether crude oil and gas are completely miscible. On the basis of 210 groups of CO2-crude oil system minimum miscibility pressure data, an improved CO2-crude oil system minimum miscibility pressure correlation was built by modified conjugate gradient method and global optimizing method. The new correlation is a uniform empirical correlation to calculate the MMP for both thin oil and heavy oil and is expressed as a function of reservoir temperature, C7+molecular weight of crude oil, and mole fractions of volatile components (CH4and N2) and intermediate components (CO2, H2S, and C2~C6) of crude oil. Compared to the eleven most popular and relatively high-accuracy CO2-oil system MMP correlations in the previous literature by other nine groups of CO2-oil MMP experimental data, which have not been used to develop the new correlation, it is found that the new empirical correlation provides the best reproduction of the nine groups of CO2-oil MMP experimental data with a percentage average absolute relative error (%AARE) of 8% and a percentage maximum absolute relative error (%MARE) of 21%, respectively.

scholarly journals Review of Oilfield Chemicals Used in Oil and Gas Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
M. Chukunedum Onojake ◽  
T. Angela Waka
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oilfield Chemicals

The petroleum industry includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transportation and marketing of natural gas, crude oil and refined petroleum products. The oil industry demands more sophisticated methods for the exploitation of petroleum. As a result, the use of oil field chemicals is becoming increasingly important and has received much attention in recent years due to the vast role they play in the recovery of hydrocarbons which has enormous  commercial benefits. The three main sectors of the petroleum industry are Upstream, Midstream and Downstream. The Upstream deals with exploration and the subsequent production (drilling of exploration wells to recover oil and gas). In the Midstream sector, petroleum produced is transported through pipelines as natural gas, crude oil, and natural gas liquids. Downstream sector is basically involved in the processing of the raw materials obtained from the Upstream sector. The operations comprises of refining of crude oil, processing and purifying of natural gas. Oil field chemicals offers exceptional applications in these sectors with wide range of applications in operations such as improved oil recovery, drilling optimization, corrosion protection, mud loss prevention, drilling fluid stabilization in high pressure and high temperature environment, and many others. Application of a wide range of oilfield chemicals is therefore essential to rectify issues and concerns which may arise from oil and gas operational activities. This review intends to highlight some of the oil field chemicals and  their positive applications in the oil and gas Industries.

scholarly journals The Impact of Oil and Gas Development on the Landscape and Surface in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
S M Nazmuz Sakib
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Petroleum Systems ◽  
Petroleum Development ◽  
The Impact

This writing will focus on the impact on the impact of oil and gas development on the landscape, surface water and groundwater of the Niger Delta – while also assessing the various means of remediation in use. Geologically, the Niger Delta petroleum systems consist of Lower Cretaceous , Upper Cretaceous–lower Paleocene and Tertiary. When Nigeria became an independent nation on 1 October 1960, Shell–BP began to relinquish its acreage and its exploration licenses were converted into prospecting licenses that allowed development and production. The Federal Government of Nigeria started its Department of Petroleum Resources Inspectorate in 1970 and Nigeria joined the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries in 1971. – and in order to take control of the country’s petroleum industry, Nigeria nationalized BP’s holding completely in 1979, and Shell–BP became Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria. Oil spillages routinely occur in the Niger Delta. The official figures of SPDC show that between 1976 and 2001, 6,187 incidents in which 3 million barrels were spilled. The Niger Delta Environmental Survey An impact assessment of the 1983 Oshika oil spill. Spills of crude oil in Niger Delta farmlands have been reported since 1971. In general, toxicity depends on nature and type of crude oil , level of oil contamination, type of environment and degree of selective of individual organisms. Controlled burning effectively reduce the amount of oil in water, if done properly but it must be done in low wind and can cause air pollution. A principal target for emissions reduction is flaring and venting which causes most of the air pollution. Saltwater tanks can be often susceptible to lightning strikes due to build up in static electricity, with the spilled oil spreading to surrounding lands, waterways. This requires a secondary containment of the tanks that makes it easier to clean up the inevitable spill. In cases of expected major storms or flooding events, crude oil can be removed from tank batteries while refilling the tanks with saltwater to prevent them tipping over during the flooding event.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Gas Reinjection for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Case Study of the Niger Delta

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Sampson, Ibinye E. ◽  
Akpabio, Julius U. ◽  
Anyadiagwu, Charles I.
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Production Wells

The instability of crude oil prices at the international market which results in revenue drop to oil and gas operators, the high cost of drilling multiple injection wells and installing gas reinjection systems in a bid to improve recovery of crude oil, have been of great concern to the Petroleum Industry. The Economic viability of Gas Reinjection for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) (as against the gas flaring operation) was analyzed with 7 wells located onshore, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The production history and reservoir data were gathered with which the cost analyses were conducted. Two scenarios involving seven production wells were evaluated. The first was converting two of the production wells to gas injection wells and producing from the remaining 5 production wells (IN2PROD5) and the other was injecting gas in two newly drilled injection wells and producing from the seven production wells (INJ2PROD7). It was shown that (INJ2PROD5) is a preferred option in extending the productive life of an otherwise depleted and uneconomic oilfield, having higher Net Present Value (NPV), Profitability Index (PI) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of -$53MM, 0.93 and 27.40% while the INJ2PROD7 had $161MM, 1.39 and 37.75% at discounted rate of 30% respectively. After subjecting the expected net revenues under various crude oil price sensitivity market vagaries, INJ2PROD5 will stand the test of time as it is less expensive and yielded a higher gross profit which is the major factor in any investment decision making.

scholarly journals Review of Nigeria’s Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1081-1084
Author(s):  
Azubuike Hope Amadi ◽  
Victor D. Ola ◽  
John O. Ayoola
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Year 2000

Since the discovery of Crude Oil in 1875, the Petroleum Industry has gradually improved in value due to the series of valuable products gotten from crude oil. The significant impact of crude oil as a source of energy has made exportation and importation of this mineral a lucrative business around the world, having turned to be the major source of revenue for most producing countries. Crude oil has contributed to about 80% of Nigerian Government revenue and foreign exchange since 1958, making it a key player in the economic plan of the country. Its importance in Nigeria has made the Legislature introduce lots of policies and laws governing the Oil and Gas business in the country. However, Nigerians with different views over the years have clamored for an improvement of these policies to enable the benefits of Her resources fairly get to the grassroots, producing communities and states while improving foreign investment policies in the country. These demands led to the introduction of the Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) in the year 2000. This research work attempts to review and offer recommendations for improvements to avoid future litigations, violence, conflicts, and industry fragility. This work will also elaborate on different steps taken by the Nigerian Government over the years to implement this bill, challenges faced by the Government and International Oil Companies (IOCs), Government and its citizens, and anomalies seen in the bill up till status quo.

scholarly journals Determination of Minimum Miscibility Pressure of CO2–Oil System: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4983
Author(s):  
Ding Li ◽  
Shuixiang Xie ◽  
Xiangliang Li ◽  
Yinghua Zhang ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Co2 Flooding ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Minimum Miscibility Pressure ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Relative Errors

CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) has become significantly crucial to the petroleum industry, in particular, CO2 miscible flooding can greatly improve the efficiency of EOR. Minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is a vital factor affecting CO2 flooding, which determines the yield and economic benefit of oil recovery. Therefore, it is important to predict this property for a successful field development plan. In this study, a novel model based on molecular dynamics to determine MMP was developed. The model characterized a miscible state by calculating the ratio of CO2 and crude oil atoms that pass through the initial interface. The whole process was not affected by other external objective factors. We compared our model with several famous empirical correlations, and obtained satisfactory results—the relative errors were 8.53% and 13.71% for the two equations derived from our model. Furthermore, we found the MMPs predicted by different reference materials (i.e., CO2/crude oil) were approximately linear (R2 = 0.955). We also confirmed the linear relationship between MMP and reservoir temperature (TR). The correlation coefficient was about 0.15 MPa/K in the present study.

scholarly journals The Effect of Carbonyl and Hydroxyl Compounds on Swelling Factor, Interfacial Tension, and Viscosity in CO2 Injection: A Case Study on Aromatic Oils

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Asep Kurnia Permadi ◽  
Egi Adrian Pratama ◽  
Andri Luthfi Lukman Hakim ◽  
Doddy Abdassah
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Minimum Miscibility Pressure ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Hydroxyl Compounds ◽  
Swelling Factor

A factor influencing the effectiveness of CO2 injection is miscibility. Besides the miscible injection, CO2 may also contribute to oil recovery improvement by immiscible injection through modifying several properties such as oil swelling, viscosity reduction, and the lowering of interfacial tension (IFT). Moreover, CO2 immiscible injection performance is also expected to be improved by adding some solvent. However, there are a lack of studies identifying the roles of solvent in assisting CO2 injection through observing those properties simultaneously. This paper explains the effects of CO2–carbonyl and CO2–hydroxyl compounds mixture injection on those properties, and also the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) experimentally by using VIPS (refers to viscosity, interfacial tension, pressure–volume, and swelling) apparatus, which has a capability of measuring those properties simultaneously within a closed system. Higher swelling factor, lower viscosity, IFT and MMP are observed from a CO2–propanone/acetone mixture injection. The role of propanone and ethanol is more significant in Sample A1, which has higher molecular weight (MW) of C7+ and lower composition of C1–C4, than that in the other Sample A9. The solvents accelerate the ways in which CO2 dissolves and extracts oil, especially the extraction of the heavier component left in the swelling cell.

Ghana's petroleum industry: expectations, frustrations and anger in coastal communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-424
Author(s):  
Jesse Salah Ovadia ◽  
Jasper Abembia Ayelazuno ◽  
James Van Alstine
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Negative Impacts

ABSTRACTWith much fanfare, Ghana's Jubilee Oil Field was discovered in 2007 and began producing oil in 2010. In the six coastal districts nearest the offshore fields, expectations of oil-backed development have been raised. However, there is growing concern over what locals perceive to be negative impacts of oil and gas production. Based on field research conducted in 2010 and 2015 in the same communities in each district, this paper presents a longitudinal study of the impacts (real and perceived) of oil and gas production in Ghana. With few identifiable benefits beyond corporate social responsibility projects often disconnected from local development priorities, communities are growing angrier at their loss of livelihoods, increased social ills and dispossession from land and ocean. Assuming that others must be benefiting from the petroleum resources being extracted near their communities, there is growing frustration. High expectations, real and perceived grievances, and increasing social fragmentation threaten to lead to conflict and underdevelopment.

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