scholarly journals Pancreatic Cancer Epidemiology, Detection, and Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiubo Zhang ◽  
Linjuan Zeng ◽  
Yinting Chen ◽  
Guoda Lian ◽  
Chenchen Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Cancer Occurrence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

PC (pancreatic cancer) is the fourth most common cause of death due to cancer worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates have been increasing year by year worldwide, and this review has analyzed the most recent incidence and mortality data for pancreatic cancer occurrence in China. Several possible risk factors have been discussed here, involving known established risk factors and novel possible risk factors. The development of this cancer is a stepwise progression through intraepithelial neoplasia to carcinoma. Though early and accurate diagnosis is promising based on a combination of recent techniques including tumor markers and imaging modalities, lacking early clinical symptoms makes the diagnosis late. Correct staging is critical because treatment is generally based on this parameter. Treatment options have improved throughout the last decades. However, surgical excision remains the primary therapy and efficacy of conventional chemoradiotherapy for PC is limited. Recently, some novel new therapies have been developed and will be applied in clinics soon. This review will provide an overview of pancreatic cancer, including an understanding of the developments and controversies.

Risk factors of cancer occurrence after surgery of oral intraepithelial neoplasia: A long-term retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (11) ◽  
pp. 2546-2551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislas Ballivet de Régloix ◽  
Nathalie Badois ◽  
Celine Bernardeschi ◽  
Thomas Jouffroy ◽  
Caroline Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cancer Occurrence

scholarly journals Epibrassinolide Promotes the Apoptotic Potential of Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Kuryayeva ◽  
Arisan ◽  
Gurkan ◽  
Yerlikaya
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Condensation ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Loss

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease for which the incidence and mortality rates are close. Patients with advanced stage have median survival of three months. Gemcitabine (GEM), the anticancer analog of deoxycytidine, has been considered standard care of pancreatic cancer. However, disease progression usually occurs. Despite the effort for better treatment options, phase trials fail due to severe side effects. Epibrassinolid (EBR) is a member of brassinnosteroids with similar chemical structure to steroid hormones. Our group showed that EBR induces apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress induction both in in vitro and in vivo cancer models, without effecting non-cancerous cells or non-tumor bearing mouse. Our aim in this study is to evaluate whether EBR has the potential to increase the apoptotic effect of GEM in AsPc1 pancreatic cells. We showed by MTT assay that EBR has apoptotic efficiency in AsPc1 cells and it also increases the cell viability loss when combined with GEM. The combination of EBR (30 µM) and GEM (100 µM) further increases mitochondrial membrane potential loss and nuclear condensation. In addition, exposure of cells to EBR and GEM co-treatment induces subG1 apoptotic population showed by FACS flow analysis. Consequently, we suggest that the effect of GEM can be increased with EBR combination.

scholarly journals Multidiscpinary Approach in Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Medicinus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Kodrat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Treatment Toxicity

<p>Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is endemic in Indonesia. The purpose of the review is to describe the risk factors, clinical symptoms, diagnostic procedures and staging, management and treatment options, and follow-up. Multi-disciplinary approach to the NPC not only for treatment, but also has been started from the diagnosis proccess. The multidisciplinary approach also plays role after treatment, especially for the follow-up and rehabilitation of post-treatment toxicity.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>cancer, nasopharynx, radiotherapy.</p>

scholarly journals Loss of p53 tumor suppression function drives invasion and genomic instability in models of murine pancreatic cancer

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Tonelli ◽  
Astrid Deschênes ◽  
Melissa A. Yao ◽  
Youngkyu Park ◽  
David A. Tuveson
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Wild Type

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a deadly disease with few treatment options. There is an urgent need to better understand the molecular mechanisms that drive disease progression, with the ultimate aim of identifying early detection markers and clinically actionable targets. To investigate the transcriptional and morphological changes associated with pancreatic cancer progression, we analyzed the KrasLSLG12D/+; Trp53LSLR172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse model. We have identified an intermediate cellular event during pancreatic carcinogenesis in the KPC mouse model of PDA that is represented by a subpopulation of tumor cells that express KrasG12D, p53R172H and one allele of wild-type Trp53. In vivo, these cells represent a histological spectrum of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and rarely proliferate. Following loss of wild-type p53, these precursor lesions undergo malignant de-differentiation and acquire invasive features. We have established matched organoid cultures of pre-invasive and invasive cells from murine PDA. Expression profiling of the organoids led to the identification of markers of the pre-invasive cancer cells in vivo and mechanisms of disease aggressiveness.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer: Emerging Role of Viral Hepatitis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Gina Gheorghe ◽  
Camelia Cristina Diaconu ◽  
Vlad Ionescu ◽  
Gabriel Constantinescu ◽  
Nicolae Bacalbasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Common ◽  
Endodermal Cells

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignant neoplastic diseases. The incidence and mortality rates of this disease vary depending on geographical area, which might be explained by the different exposure to risk factors. To improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer, different approaches are needed for an earlier diagnosis. Identification of risk factors and implementation of screening strategies are essential for a better prognosis. Currently, the risk factors for pancreatic cancer fall into two broad categories, namely extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors include alcohol consumption, smoking, a diet rich in saturated fats, and viral infections such as chronic infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. The pathophysiological mechanisms explaining how these hepatotropic viruses contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer are not fully elucidated. The common origin of hepatocytes and pancreatic cells in the multipotent endodermal cells, the common origin of the blood vessels and biliary ducts of the pancreas and the liver, or chronic inflammatory changes may be involved in this interaction. A careful monitoring of patients with viral liver infections may contribute to the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and improve the prognosis of these patients.

scholarly journals Evaluating the efficacy of treatment options for anal intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle R. L. Brogden ◽  
Una Walsh ◽  
Gianluca Pellino ◽  
Christos Kontovounisios ◽  
Paris Tekkis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Purpose Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is the accepted precursor of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC). There has long been a hypothesis that treating AIN may prevent ASCC. Many different treatment modalities have been suggested and studied. We conducted this systematic review to evaluate their efficacy and the evidence as to whether we can prevent ASCC by treating AIN. Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE were electronically searched using relevant search terms. All studies investigating the use of a single treatment for AIN that reported at least one end outcome such as partial or complete response to treatment, recurrence after treatment and/or ASCC diagnosis after treatment were included. Results Thirty studies were included in the systematic review investigating 10 treatment modalities: 5% imiquimod, 5-fluorouracil, cidofovir, trichloroacetic acid, electrocautery, surgical excision, infrared coagulation, radiofrequency ablation, photodynamic therapy and HPV vaccination. All treatment modalities demonstrated some initial regression of AIN after treatment; however, recurrence rates were high especially in HIV-positive patients. Many of the studies suffered from significant bias which prevented direct comparison. Conclusions Although the theory persists that by inducing the regression of AIN, we may be able to reduce the risk of ASCC, there was no clinical evidence within the literature advocating that treating AIN does prevent ASCC.

scholarly journals An epidemiological review of pancreatic cancer with special reference to India

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rajshree H. Gaidhani ◽  
Ganesh Balasubramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Rare Site ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Near Future

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a rare cancer site, ranked 14th in incidence and 7th in mortality in the world. In India, pancreas ranks 24th with 10860 new cases (1.03%) and 18th in mortality. Although PC is a rare site, it is a leading mortality site across the globe and very little data are available about the epidemiology of PC. It is hypothesized that due to the changing lifestyle globally and, in India, the rates of PC will increase in the near future. Thus, this study aims to report PC incidence, mortality, globally but with more emphasis with respect to Indian population and associated factors for PC, since changing lifestyle has had an impact on the occurrence of the disease over the years. Incidence and mortality rates are obtained from GLOBOCAN-2018 and cancer incidence in five continents (CI5- XI), and Indian Council of Medical Research publication on Indian cancer registry database. Incidence is higher in elderly population (more than 50% in 65–75 years). The incidence is highest among Northeastern Indian regions. Risk factors include smoking, high alcohol consumption, non-vegetarian diets (modifiable) and age, race, and the genetic predispositions (non-modifiable) risk factors. No case–control studies on risk factors are reported yet based on the Indian population. Increase of PC numbers is a cause for concern, since it mostly manifests on the lifestyle factors, which is rapidly changing in India, like in other parts of the globe. This study will be useful in giving some leads on the PC’s possible causes and thereby help in formulating strategies for reducing the burden of this disease.

scholarly journals Cancer incidence and mortality trends in France over 1990–2018 for solid tumors: the sex gap is narrowing

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Defossez ◽  
Z. Uhry ◽  
P. Delafosse ◽  
E. Dantony ◽  
T. d’Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Penalized Splines ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Female Rate ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract Objective To analyze trends in cancer incidence and mortality (France, 1990–2018), with a focus on men-women disparities. Methods Incidence data stemmed from cancer registries (FRANCIM) and mortality data from national statistics (CépiDc). Incidence and mortality rates were modelled using bidimensional penalized splines of age and year (at diagnosis and at death, respectively). Trends in age-standardized rates were summarized by the average annual percent changes (AAPC) for all-cancers combined, 19 solid tumors, and 8 subsites. Sex gaps were indicated using male-to-female rate ratios (relative difference) and male-to-female rate differences (absolute difference) in 1990 and 2018, for incidence and mortality, respectively. Results For all-cancers, the sex gap narrowed over 1990–2018 in incidence (1.6 to 1.2) and mortality (2.3 to 1.7). The largest decreases of the male-to-female incidence rate ratio were for cancers of the lung (9.5 to 2.2), lip - oral cavity - pharynx (10.9 to 3.1), esophagus (12.6 to 4.5) and larynx (17.1 to 7.1). Mixed trends emerged in lung and oesophageal cancers, probably explained by differing risk factors for the two main histological subtypes. Sex incidence gaps narrowed due to increasing trends in men and women for skin melanoma (0.7 to 1, due to initially higher rates in women), cancers of the liver (7.4 to 4.4) and pancreas (2.0 to 1.4). Sex incidence gaps narrowed for colon-rectum (1.7 to 1.4), urinary bladder (6.9 to 6.1) and stomach (2.7 to 2.4) driven by decreasing trends among men. Other cancers showed similar increasing incidence trends in both sexes leading to stable sex gaps: thyroid gland (0.3 to 0.3), kidney (2.2 to 2.4) and central nervous system (1.4 to 1.5). Conclusion In France in 2018, while men still had higher risks of developing or dying from most cancers, the sex gap was narrowing. Efforts should focus on avoiding risk factors (e.g., smoking) and developing etiological studies to understand currently unexplained increasing trends.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Cancer Related Health Disparities: A Commentary

Cancers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Scarton ◽  
Saunjoo Yoon ◽  
Sungho Oh ◽  
Edward Agyare ◽  
Jose Trevino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

We summarize the risk factors that may significantly contribute to racial disparities in pancreatic cancer, which is now the third leading cause of cancer deaths and projected to be second around 2030 in 12 years. For decades, the incidence rate of pancreatic cancer among Blacks has been 30% to 70% higher than other racial groups in the United States and the 5-year survival rate is approximately 5%. Diabetes and obesity have been identified as potentially predisposing factors to pancreatic cancer and both are more common among Blacks. Smoking continues to be one of the most important risk factors for pancreatic cancer and smoking rates are higher among Blacks compared to other racial groups. The overall risk of pancreatic cancer due to changes in DNA is thought to be the same for most racial groups; however, DNA methylation levels have been observed to be significantly different between Blacks and Whites. This finding may underlie the racial disparities in pancreatic cancer. Identification and prevention of these factors may be effective strategies to reduce the high incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer among Blacks.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics of Pancreatic Cancer in China From 1990 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482110515
Author(s):  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Xiaomei Wu ◽  
Tianyu Guo ◽  
Ning Guan ◽  
Yefu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Incident Cases

Background Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive cancer and is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China. To understand the epidemic trend of pancreatic cancer and formulate targeted preventive measures, it is important to analyze the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer. Methods The incidence and mortality data of pancreatic cancer in China were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data. We used joinpoint regression analysis to calculate the magnitude and direction of trends, and the age-period-cohort method to analyze the effects of chronological age, time period, and birth cohort. Results The age-standardized rates (ASRs) for both incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer increased from 1990 to 2019, and were higher in males than females. The incidence and mortality rates have increased year by year in the age group above 25 years. The most common age group was 55–79 years, accounting for approximately 50% of all incident cases. In terms of incidence and mortality rates, the overall net drifts were above 0. The local drifts in all age groups were above 0 in both sexes and males, while the local drifts in the 15–39 age groups were below 0 in females. The longitudinal age curves increased with age, with higher incidence and mortality rates, mainly in older age groups. The period rate ratios increased by year. The cohort rate ratios showed an upward trend before 1970 and fluctuated after 1975. Conclusions The burden of pancreatic cancer is still very high in China, and attention should be paid to the key population that is, males and older people. The results of our study can be used by policy makers to allocate resources efficiently to improve early diagnosis and treatment, improving the awareness of self-protection, and advocating a healthy lifestyle to prevent pancreatic cancer.

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