scholarly journals Drug Susceptibility of 33 Reference Strains of Slowly Growing Mycobacteria to 19 Antimicrobial Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Pang ◽  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Kanglin Wan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Mycobacterium Intracellulare ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Mycobacterium Simiae ◽  
Reference Strains

Objectives. Slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) are prevalent worldwide and cause an extensive spectrum of diseases. Methods. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility of 33 reference strains of SGM to 19 antimicrobial agents was tested using a modified microdilution method. Results. Cefmetazole (32/33) and azithromycin (32/33) exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, and dapsone (9/33) exhibited the lowest activity against the tested strains. Cefoxitin (30/33), cefoperazone (28/33), and cefepime (28/33) were effective against a high proportion of strains, and macrolides were also highly effective as well as offering the benefit of convenient oral administration to patients. Linezolid (27/33), meropenem (26/33), sulfamethoxazole (26/33), and tigecycline (25/33) showed the highest activity; clofazimine (20/33) and doxycycline (18/33) showed intermediate activity; and rifapentine (13/33), rifabutin (13/33), and minocycline (11/33) showed low antimicrobial activity, closely followed by thioacetazone (10/33) and pasiniazid (10/33), against the tested organisms. According to their susceptibility profiles, the slowly growing species Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium simiae were the least susceptible to the tested drugs, whereas Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium asiaticum, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium szulgai, Mycobacterium branderi, and Mycobacterium holsaticum were the most susceptible. Conclusions. In summary, cephalosporins and macrolides, particularly cefmetazole, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin, showed good antimicrobial activity against the reference strains of SGM.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni from Broilers and Broiler House Environments in Norway

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NORSTRÖM ◽  
G. JOHNSEN ◽  
M. HOFSHAGEN ◽  
H. THARALDSEN ◽  
H. KRUSE
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Broiler House

Antimicrobial susceptibility in Campylobacter jejuni collected from the environment outside four broiler houses (n = 63) and from the environment inside these broiler houses (including broiler droppings) (n = 36) from May to September 2004 was studied and compared with isolates from Norwegian broilers analyzed within the frame of the Norwegian monitoring program of antimicrobial resistance in feed, food, and animals (NORM-VET) in 2004 (n = 75). The MICs of oxytetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and nalidixic acid were obtained by the broth microdilution method VetMIC. The present study, which to our knowledge is the first Norwegian study on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from the environment of broiler houses, revealed a very low occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni from the broilers and broiler house environments studied. All isolates originating from the four broiler houses studied were susceptible to all the antimicrobial agents tested, except for one isolate from the outdoor environment (courtyard soil), which was resistant to oxytetracycline (MIC, 8 mg/liter). For the isolates from broilers (NORM-VET), low prevalences of resistance to oxytetracycline (1.3%) and ampicillin (4%) were observed. No quinolone resistance was observed. The results for the broiler isolates are in agreement with the earlier findings of a very low prevalence of resistance in Campylobacter from broilers in Norway, which reflects the low usage of antimicrobials in Norwegian broiler production. Furthermore, the present data are in accordance with antimicrobial susceptibility data for C. jejuni from domestically acquired human cases.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Decontaminant HybenX® Compared to Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite against Common Bacterial and Yeast Pathogens

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Antonelli ◽  
Luca Giovannini ◽  
Ilaria Baccani ◽  
Valentina Giuliani ◽  
Riccardo Pace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Endodontic Infections ◽  
Reference Strains

The recent increase in infections mediated by drug-resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens underlines the urgent need for novel antimicrobial compounds. In this study, the antimicrobial activity (inhibitory and cidal) of HybenX®, a novel dessicating agent, in comparison with commonly used sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine, against a collection of bacterial and yeast strains representative of the most common human pathogenic species was evaluated. The minimal inhibitory, bactericidal, and fungicidal concentrations (MIC, MBC, and MFC, respectively) of the three different antimicrobial agents were evaluated by broth microdilution assays, followed by subculturing of suitable dilutions. HybenX® was active against 26 reference strains representative of staphylococci, enterococci, Enterobacterales, Gram-negative nonfermenters, and yeasts, although at higher concentrations than sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. HybenX® MICs were 0.39% for bacteria (with MBCs ranging between 0.39% and 0.78%), and 0.1–0.78% for yeasts (with MFCs ranging between 0.78% and 1.6%). HybenX® exhibited potent inhibitory and cidal activity at low concentrations against several bacterial and yeast pathogens. These findings suggest that HybenX® could be of interest for the treatment of parodontal and endodontic infections and also for bacterial and fungal infections of other mucous membranes and skin as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida isolated from sheep and pigs in Spain – Short communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498
Author(s):  
Dolores Cid ◽  
José Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal ◽  
Chris Pinto ◽  
Lucas Domínguez ◽  
Ana Isabel Vela
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Farming Industry ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Pasteurella multocida is responsible for economically important diseases in sheep and pigs. Antimicrobial susceptibility studies are essential for initiating rational and effective empirical therapy of P. multocida infections. In this study we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents of 156 clinical isolates of P. multocida from sheep (n = 87) and pigs (n = 69) using the microdilution method. Both sheep and pig isolates exhibited low levels of resistance (≤ 15%) to ceftiofur, gentamicin, neomycin, spectinomycin, chlortetracycline, tulathromycin, florfenicol, danofloxacin, and enrofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, high resistance rates (> 15% up to 50%) to oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, and tiamulin, and very high resistance rates (> 50%) to tylosin tartrate, clindamycin, and sulphadimethoxine. However, sheep isolates exhibited significantly lower percentages of resistance and lower MIC90 values (P < 0.05) than pig isolates for most of the antimicrobials tested. In addition, sheep isolates exhibited also significantly lower phenotypic antimicrobial resistance diversity (8 resistotypes vs. 30 resistotypes). LAC-LIN-SUL-MAC was the resistotype most frequently detected in sheep (39.1%) and LIN-SUL-MAC in pig isolates (26.1%). The differences in susceptibility patterns could be influenced by the lower use of antimicrobials in the small ruminant industry compared with the pig farming industry.

scholarly journals In Vitro Susceptibility of Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium fortuitum Isolates to 30 Antibiotics

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaojie Shen ◽  
Xuyang Wang ◽  
Jialin Jin ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Xuelian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Antitubercular Drugs ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Objective. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause various diseases in humans and animals. Recently, the prevalence of NTM-related disease has been on the rise, becoming an emerging public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium fortuitum. Methods. We performed susceptibility tests on 37 clinical NTM isolates to 30 antibiotics with the microdilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results. Both M. abscessus and M. fortuitum were highly resistant to antitubercular drugs such as isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, clofazimine, ethionamide, and rifabutin. M. abscessus showed the lowest resistant rates to cefoxitin (10%), azithromycin (10%), amikacin (10%), and clarithromycin (20%) and very high resistant to sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, oxacillin, clindamycin, and all fluoroquinolones. M. fortuitum showed low resistance to tigecycline (0%), tetracycline (0%), cefmetazole (12%), imipenem (12%), linezolid (18%), and the aminoglycosides amikacin (0%), tobramycin (0%), neomycin (0%), and gentamycin (24%). Conclusion. Amikacin, cefoxitin, and azithromycin have the highest in vitro activity against M. abscessus. Isolates of M. fortuitum need to be individually evaluated for drug susceptibility before choosing an effective antimicrobial regimen for treatment of infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum isolated from ill poultry in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Antonio Casarin Penha Filho ◽  
Joseane Cristina Ferreira ◽  
Ana Maria Iba Kanashiro ◽  
Ana Lúcia da Costa Darini ◽  
Angelo Berchieri Junior
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT: Salmonella Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) and Salmonella Pullorum (S. Pullorum) are poultry host-specific, agents of fowl typhoid and pullorum disease, respectively. These biovars cause septicemic infections, resulting in high mortality. Outbreaks are frequently reported worldwide, causing losses due to the elimination of infected flocks and treatments. The use of antimicrobial agents is frequent in poultry farms to prevent or treat gastrointestinal infections. In the present research it was evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 50 S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum isolates, from outbreaks that occurred between 1987 to 1991 and 2006 to 2013. The comparison of the susceptibility profiles showed that all isolates were susceptible to β-lactams. All isolates from 1987-1991 were susceptible to all antibiotics tested except NAL and CIP (78%). The susceptibility profile of S. Gallinarum (2006 - 2013 period) was the following NAL (58%), CIP (63%), ENR (67%), TET (92%), FFC (96%) and SXT (96%). S. Pullorum isolates (2006 - 2013 period) showed the following susceptibility rates to NAL (65%), CIP (71%), ENR (94%) and TET (94%). All isolates were susceptible to β-lactams tested, however, resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones increased over time. Furthermore, low levels of resistance to other antibiotics were found in recent isolates, such as tetracyclines.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus intermedius isolates from clinical cases of canine pyoderma in South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Blunt ◽  
Moritz Van Vuuren ◽  
Jacqueline Picard
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Broth Dilution

Successful treatment of canine pyoderma has become compromised owing to the development of antimicrobial resistance with accompanying recurrence of infection. Canine skin samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory for microbiological culture and sensitivity between January 2007 and June 2010, from which Staphylococcus intermedius was isolated, were selected for this investigation. Antimicrobial resistance of S. intermedius was most prevalent with reference to ampicillin followed by resistance to tetracycline and then potentiated sulphonamides. In general, antimicrobial resistance was low and very few methicillin-resistant isolates were detected. Temporal trends were not noted, except for ampicillin, with isolates becoming more susceptible, and potentiated sulphonamides (co-trimoxazole), with isolates becoming more resistant. In general, both the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion and broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration tests yielded similar results for the antimicrobial agents tested. The main difference was evident in the over-estimation of resistance by the Kirby–Bauer test for ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, penicillin and doxycycline. Knowledge of trends in bacterial resistance is important for veterinarians when presented with canine pyoderma. Analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of S. intermedius isolated from canine pyodermas will guide veterinarians’ use of the most appropriate agent and encourage prudent use of antimicrobials in companion animals.

Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of the Big Six Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Strains from Food Animals and Humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1355-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSS C. BEIER ◽  
EELCO FRANZ ◽  
JAMES L. BONO ◽  
ROBERT E. MANDRELL ◽  
PINA M. FRATAMICO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Animal Strains

ABSTRACT The disinfectant and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 138 non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli strains (STECs) from food animals and humans were determined. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was moderate (39.1% of strains) in response to 15 antimicrobial agents. Animal strains had a lower AMR prevalence (35.6%) than did human strains (43.9%) but a higher prevalence of the resistance profile GEN-KAN-TET. A decreasing prevalence of AMR was found among animal strains from serogroups O45 &gt; O145 &gt; O121 &gt; O111 &gt; O26 &gt; O103 and among human strains from serogroups O145 &gt; O103 &gt; O26 &gt; O111 &gt; O121 &gt; O45. One animal strain from serogroups O121 and O145 and one human strain from serogroup O26 had extensive drug resistance. A high prevalence of AMR in animal O45 and O121 strains and no resistance or a low prevalence of resistance in human strains from these serogroups suggests a source other than food animals for human exposure to these strains. Among the 24 disinfectants evaluated, all strains were susceptible to triclosan. Animal strains had a higher prevalence of resistance to chlorhexidine than did human strains. Both animal and human strains had a similar low prevalence of low-level benzalkonium chloride resistance, and animal and human strains had similar susceptibility profiles for most other disinfectants. Benzyldimethylammonium chlorides and C10AC were the primary active components in disinfectants DC&R and P-128, respectively, against non-O157 STECs. A disinfectant FS512 MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml was more prevalent among animal O121 strains (61.5%) than among human O121 strains (25%), which may also suggest a source of human exposure to STEC O121 other than food animals. Bacterial inhibition was not dependent solely on pH but was correlated with the presence of dissociated organic acid species and some undissociated acids.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Corynebacterium bovis Isolates from Immunodeficient Rodents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C Fagre ◽  
Uma Pugazhenthi ◽  
Christopher Cheleuitte-Nieves ◽  
Marcus J Crim ◽  
Kenneth S Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Oncology Research ◽  
Skin Colonization ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Poor Efficacy

Corynebacterium bovis, the causative agent of hyperkeratotic dermatitis in immunodeficient mice, is a significant problemin preclinical oncology research. Infection results in lifelong skin colonization and a decrease in successful engraftment ofpatient-derived xenograft tumor models. The use of antimicrobial agents for C. bovis is controversial in light of reports of poor efficacy and the possibility of selection for resistant strains. The purpose of this study was to describe the antimicrobial susceptibilities of C. bovis isolates obtained exclusively from immunodeficient rodents in order to aid in antimicrobial dose determination. Between 1995 and 2018, 15 isolates were collected from 11 research institutions across the United States. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 24 antimicrobials commonly used against gram-positive bacteria. Our results provide an updated understanding of the susceptibility profiles of rodent C. bovis isolates, indicating little variability between geographically and temporally distant isolates. These results will facilitate appropriate antimicrobial use to prevent and treat C. bovis infections in immunodeficient rodents.

scholarly journals Effects of Carvacrol on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk tank milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (02) ◽  
pp. 6211-2019
Author(s):  
ERHAN KEYVAN ◽  
HIDAYET TUTUN
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

The occurrence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an important causative agent of mastitis in cattle and of foodborne diseases. It is a worldwide concern, making it essential to develop alternative treatments to fight against the bacteria. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the ability of carvacrol to inhibit the growth of S. aureus isolated from bulk tank milk in Turkey’s Burdur Province. All strains (n = 31) were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol, including the methicillin-resistant S. aureus and strains from the American Type Culture Collection and England’s National Collection of Type Cultures. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined via a microdilution method, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles via a disk diffusion method. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 20 strains (64.5%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 8 strains (25.8%). Carvacrol exhibited strong antimicrobial activity, with MIC value at 0.058-0.234 mg/ml, in the microdilution method. Inhibition zones of carvacrol were in the range of 19 to 45 mm. The results of this study emphasize the promising role of carvacrol among new antibacterial agents that can combat S. aureus strains.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Orthopedic Implants following Revision Hip Surgery

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 3002-3005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Tunney ◽  
Gordon Ramage ◽  
Sheila Patrick ◽  
James R. Nixon ◽  
Philip G. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Hip Surgery ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Revision Hip Surgery

The susceptibilities of 49 isolates recovered from orthopedic implants to seven antimicrobial agents were evaluated by the broth microdilution method. Ciprofloxacin and vancomycin were more active than gentamicin, representing aminoglycosides which are routinely incorporated into bone cement, and also more active than the peroperative antimicrobial agents cefamandole and erythromycin. The use of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin in vivo, therefore, warrants further evaluation.

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