Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Cocultured with Chondrocytes Promote the Proliferation of Chondrocytes

Articular cartilage injury and defect caused by trauma and chronic osteoarthritis vascularity are very common, while the repair of injured cartilage remains a great challenge due to its limited healing capacity. Stem cell-based tissue engineering provides a promising treatment option for injured articular cartilage because of the cells potential for multiple differentiations. However, its application has been largely limited by stem cell type, number, source, proliferation, and differentiation. We hypothesized that (1) adipose-derived stem cells are ideal seed cells for articular cartilage repair because of their accessibility and abundance and (2) the microenvironment of articular cartilage could induce adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to differentiate into chondrocytes. In order to test our hypotheses, we isolated stem cells from rabbit adipose tissues and cocultured these ADSCs with rabbit articular cartilage chondrocytes. We found that when ADSCs were cocultured with chondrocytes, the proliferation of articular cartilage chondrocytes was promoted, the apoptosis of chondrocytes was inhibited, and the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs was enhanced. The study on the mechanism of this coculture system indicated that the role of this coculture system is similar to the function of TGF-β1 in the promotion of chondrocytes.

Download Full-text

Application of Nanomaterials in Regulating the Fate of Adipose-derived Stem Cells

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x15666200502000343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 3-13

Author(s):

Lang Wang ◽

Yong Li ◽

Maorui Zhang ◽

Kui Huang ◽

Shuanglin Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Stem Cell Research ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Good Biocompatibility ◽

Regulatory Effects ◽

New Treatment

Adipose-derived stem cells are adult stem cells which are easy to obtain and multi-potent. Stem-cell therapy has become a promising new treatment for many diseases, and plays an increasingly important role in the field of tissue repair, regeneration and reconstruction. The physicochemical properties of the extracellular microenvironment contribute to the regulation of the fate of stem cells. Nanomaterials have stable particle size, large specific surface area and good biocompatibility, which has led them being recognized as having broad application prospects in the field of biomedicine. In this paper, we review recent developments of nanomaterials in adipose-derived stem cell research. Taken together, the current literature indicates that nanomaterials can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. However, the properties and regulatory effects of nanomaterials can vary widely depending on their composition. This review aims to provide a comprehensive guide for future stem-cell research on the use of nanomaterials.

Download Full-text

Tuning Adipogenic Differentiation in ADSCs by Metformin and Vitamin D: Involvement of miRNAs

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21176181 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (17) ◽

pp. 6181

Author(s):

Sara Cruciani ◽

Giuseppe Garroni ◽

Francesca Balzano ◽

Renzo Pala ◽

Emanuela Bellu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Fate ◽

Adipogenic Differentiation ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Vitamin D Metabolism ◽

Stem Cell Fate ◽

Cellular Phenotypes

Fat tissue represents an important source of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which can differentiate towards several phenotypes under certain stimuli. Definite molecules as vitamin D are able to influence stem cell fate, acting on the expression of specific genes. In addition, miRNAs are important modulating factors in obesity and numerous diseases. We previously identified specific conditioned media able to commit stem cells towards defined cellular phenotypes. In the present paper, we aimed at evaluating the role of metformin on ADSCs differentiation. In particular, ADSCs were cultured in a specific adipogenic conditioned medium (MD), in the presence of metformin, alone or in combination with vitamin D. Our results showed that the combination of the two compounds is able to counteract the appearance of an adipogenic phenotype, indicating a feedforward regulation on vitamin D metabolism by metformin, acting on CYP27B1 and CYP3A4. We then evaluated the role of specific epigenetic modulating genes and miRNAs in controlling stem cell adipogenesis. The combination of the two molecules was able to influence stem cell fate, by modulating the adipogenic phenotype, suggesting their possible application in clinical practice in counteracting uncontrolled lipogenesis and obesity-related diseases.

Download Full-text

The Role of MicroRNAs in Cardiac Stem Cells

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2015/194894 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Nima Purvis ◽

Andrew Bahn ◽

Rajesh Katare

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Noncoding Rna ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Cell Function ◽

Cardiac Stem Cells ◽

Cell Therapies ◽

Small Noncoding Rna ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation

Stem cells are considered as the next generation drug treatment in patients with cardiovascular disease who are resistant to conventional treatment. Among several stem cells used in the clinical setting, cardiac stem cells (CSCs) which reside in the myocardium and epicardium of the heart have been shown to be an effective option for the source of stem cells. In normal circumstances, CSCs primarily function as a cell store to replace the physiologically depleted cardiovascular cells, while under the diseased condition they have been shown to experimentally regenerate the diseased myocardium. In spite of their major functional role, molecular mechanisms regulating the CSCs proliferation and differentiation are still unknown. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Recent studies have demonstrated the important role of miRs in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as other physiological and pathological processes related to stem cell function. This review summarises the current understanding of the role of miRs in CSCs. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which miRs regulate CSCs may lead to advances in the mode of stem cell therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Download Full-text

UHRF1 Promotes Proliferation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Suppresses Adipogenesis via Inhibiting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/9456847 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ke Chen ◽

Zi Guo ◽

Yufang Luo ◽

Jingjing Yuan ◽

Zhaohui Mo

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Ring Finger ◽

Cell Counting ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Oil Red O Staining ◽

Oil Red O

Once the adipose tissue is enlarged for the purpose of saving excess energy intake, obesity may be observed. Ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING Finger domains 1 (UHRF1) is helpful in repairing damaged DNA as it increases the resistance of cancer cells against cytocidal drugs. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), an important nucleus transcription factor participating in adipogenesis, has been extensively reported. To date, no study has indicated whether UHRF1 can regulate proliferation and differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). Hence, this study aimed to utilize overexpression or downregulation of UHRF1 to explore the possible mechanism of proliferation and differentiation of hADSCs. We here used lentivirus, containing UHRF1 (LV-UHRF1) and siRNA-UHRF1 to transfect hADSCs, on which Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), cell growth curve, colony formation assay, and EdU proliferation assay were applied to evaluate proliferation of hADSCs, cells cycle was investigated by flow cytometry, and adipogenesis was detected by Oil Red O staining and Western blotting. Our results showed that UHRF1 can promote proliferation of hADSCs after overexpression of UHRF1, while proliferation of hADSCs was reduced through downregulation of UHRF1, and UHRF1 can control proliferation of hADSCs through transition from G1-phase to S-phase; besides, we found that UHRF1 negatively regulates adipogenesis of hADSCs via PPARγ. In summary, the results may provide a new insight regarding the role of UHRF1 on regulating proliferation and differentiation of hADSCs.

Download Full-text

Pivotal role of Pten in the balance between proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in zebrafish

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2013-05-501544 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 123 (2) ◽

pp. 184-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Suma Choorapoikayil ◽

Rianne Kers ◽

Philippe Herbomel ◽

Karima Kissa ◽

Jeroen den Hertog

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Stem Cell Proliferation ◽

Key Points ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Excellent Tool

Key Points Loss of the tumor suppressor, PTEN, results in enhanced blood stem cell proliferation and arrested differentiation, hallmarks of leukemia. Pten mutant zebrafish embryos display defective hematopoiesis and constitute an excellent tool to assess drug treatment.

Download Full-text

The Emerging Role of PEDF in Stem Cell Biology

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2012/239091 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mina Elahy ◽

Swati Baindur-Hudson ◽

Crispin R. Dass

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Single Gene ◽

Stem Cell Biology ◽

Cell Type ◽

Stem Cell Survival ◽

Cell Type Specific

Encoded by a single gene, PEDF is a 50 kDa glycoprotein that is highly conserved and is widely expressed among many tissues. Most secreted PEDF deposits within the extracellular matrix, with cell-type-specific functions. While traditionally PEDF is known as a strong antiangiogenic factor, more recently, as this paper highlights, PEDF has been linked with stem cell biology, and there is now accumulating evidence demonstrating the effects of PEDF in a variety of stem cells, mainly in supporting stem cell survival and maintaining multipotency.

Download Full-text