scholarly journals Association of Irisin Plasma Levels with Anthropometric Parameters in Children with Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor ◽  
Christian Silva-Platas ◽  
Alejandro Torres-Quintanilla ◽  
Carlos Rodríguez-López ◽  
Guillermo U. Ruiz-Esparza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Considerable Controversy

The correlations between irisin levels, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements have been extensively described in adults with considerable controversy, but little evidence about these relationships has been found in children. The objective of this study is to correlate the plasma levels of irisin in underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese children with anthropometric parameters and physical activity levels. A cross-sample of 40 children was divided into the following groups on the basis of body mass index (BMI) percentile. The correlations of plasma irisin levels with physical activity, anthropometric, and metabolic measurements were determined. Plasma irisin levels (ng/mL) were lower for the underweight group (164.2 ± 5.95) than for the normal weight and obese groups (182.8 ± 5.58;p<0.05). Irisin levels correlated positively with BMI percentile (0.387), waist circumference (0.373), and fat-free mass (0.353;p<0.05), but not with body muscle mass (−0.027). After a multiple linear regression analysis, only BMI percentile (0.564;p<0.008) showed a positive correlation with irisin. Our results indicated no association with metabolic parameters. A negative correlation with physical activity was observed. Interrelationships among body components might influence irisin levels in children.

Positive Association Between Body Mass Index and Hematologic Parameters, Including RBC, WBC and Platelet Count, in Korean Children and Adolescent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwal Rim Jeong ◽  
Young Seok Shim
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Children And Adolescent

Abstract Objective: To investigate the associations between hematologic parameters and obesity in children and adolescents.Methods: A total of 7,997 subjects (4,259 boys, 3,738 girls) aged 10–18 years was enrolled and hematologic parameters, including WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, and platelet levels, were recorded and compared against body mass index (BMI) classified into normal-weight, overweight, and obesity groups.Results : The obesity group had significantly higher mean levels of WBC (7.16 vs. 6.16 (x103/mm3), p<0.001), RBC (4.90 vs. 4.82 (x106/mm3), p<0.001), Hb (14.07 vs. 13.99 (g/dL), p<0.05), Hct (42.31 vs. 41.91 (%), p<0.001) and platelets (311.87 vs. 282.66 (x103/mm3), p<0.001) than the normal-weight group after adjusting for obesity and sex. BMI SDS was significantly positively associated with WBC (β=0.275, p<0.001), RBC (β=0.028, p<0.001), Hb (β=0.034, p<0.001), Hct (β=0.152, p<0.001), and platelets (β=8.372, p<0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, and possible socioeconomic confounders in a multiple linear regression analysis.Conclusion: Higher BMI is associated with elevated WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct and platelet counts in children and adolescents. Because higher hematologic parameters are potential risk factors for obesity-related morbidity, more attention should be paid to evaluating and interpreting hematologic parameters in children and adolescents with obesity

Association Between Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity and Gross Motor Coordination in Preschool Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Silva-Santos ◽  
Amanda Santos ◽  
Michael Duncan ◽  
Susana Vale ◽  
Jorge Mota
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Movement Assessment

Introduction: Adequate gross motor coordination is essential for children participating in age-related physical activities and has an important role in maintaining sufficient physical activity levels during the life course. Aim: To examine the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and gross motor coordination during sedentary behavior in early childhood (ages 3–6 y). Methods: The sample comprised 209 children aged 3–6 y. Gross motor coordination was assessed according to the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2). The battery to assess gross motor coordination comprised the aiming and catching, and balance components. MVPA was measured by accelerometry worn for 7 consecutive days (Monday to Sunday). Results: Our data indicated that 31.5% of the sample had low, 32.5% medium, and 36.0% high gross motor coordination. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MVPA was positively associated with gross motor coordination, adjusted for gender and sedentary behavior. Conclusions: Preschoolers with high gross motor coordination spend more time in MVPA. Gross motor coordination development should therefore be a key strategy in childhood interventions aiming to promote physical activity.

scholarly journals Leptin and Aging: Correlation with Endocrine Changes in Male and Female Healthy Adult Populations of Different Body Weights

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 1954-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Isidori ◽  
Felice Strollo ◽  
Michele Morè ◽  
Massimiliano Caprio ◽  
Antonio Aversa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Abstract Aging is associated with changes in plasma levels of several hormones. There are conflicting reports on whether circulating leptin levels change during aging, the possible explanation for which is that alterations in adiposity and body mass index (BMI) also occur. In this study we measured plasma leptin and other hormonal parameters known to influence leptin in 150 men and 320 women of a wide age (18–77 yr) and BMI (18.5–61.1 kg/m2) range. Subjects of each gender were separated into 2 groups of similar BMI, i.e. nonobese (BMI, &lt;30) and obese (BMI, &gt;30), and treated separately. Statistical analysis was performed, treating each group of subjects as a whole population or divided into age groups (&lt;30, 30–50, and &gt;50 yr). BMI-adjusted leptin levels were progressively lower with increasing age in women, with a consistent fall after menopause (−21%; P &lt; 0.001); in men, leptin levels also tended to be lower in subjects more than 50 yr of age, but the reduction was not significant. Multiple linear regression analysis, performed on subjects treated either as a whole population or divided into obese and nonobese, showed that in both genders BMI and age were independent contributors of leptin levels, and there was an inverse relationship between leptin and age in both obese (standardized coefficient β = −0.25 in women and −0.23 in men; P &lt; 0.01) and nonobese (−0.22 in women and −0.20 in men; P &lt; 0.05) subjects. The correlation of leptin and age with plasma levels of sex and thyroid hormones, GH, insulin-like growth factor I, PRL, and insulin was also evaluated. The variables that correlated with leptin were included in a multiple regression model that included BMI and age. Testosterone in men (−0.43 in nonobese and −0.19 in obese; P &lt; 0.05) and estradiol in women (0.22 in nonobese and 0.24 in obese; P &lt; 0.05) were important contributors to leptin levels; also, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in obese women (−0.16) and sex hormone-binding globulin in obese subjects of both genders (0.15 in women and 0.19 in men) were significant determinants in the model. However, none of the hormonal parameters abolished the negative correlation between leptin and age or the gender difference in leptin levels. In conclusion, our data show that in adult humans of different body weight, serum leptin gradually declines during aging; leptin reduction is higher in women than in men, but it is independent from BMI and other age-related endocrine changes.

Accelerometer Response to Physical Activity Intensity in Normal-Weight Versus Overweight African American Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Arvidsson ◽  
Mark Fitch ◽  
Mark L. Hudes ◽  
Catrine Tudor-Locke ◽  
Sharon E. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
African American ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
American Children

Background:Different movement efficiency in overweight children may affect accelerometer output data. The purpose was to investigate the ability of accelerometers to assess physical activity intensity and number of steps in normal-weight compared with overweight children.Methods:Eleven normal-weight and 14 overweight African American children walked at 2, 4, 5, and 6 km/h on a treadmill wearing Lifecorder, ActiGraph, RT3, and Biotrainer. Oxygen uptake was measured and steps manually counted. Fat free mass (FFM) was assessed from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Accelerometer counts and the individual linear regression lines of accelerometer counts versus VO2/FFM were evaluated, together with steps recorded by Lifecorder and Actigraph.Results:Correlations between accelerometer counts and VO2/FFM for all monitors were r ≥ .95 (P < .01). The accelerometer counts and their relationship to VO2/FFM did not generally differ significantly by body weight status. Lifecorder and Actigraph underestimated steps at 4, 5, and 6 km/h by less than 9%, but the error was up to −95% at 2 km/h.Conclusions:All 4 accelerometers show high ability to assess physical activity intensity, and can be used to compare physical activity between normal-weight and overweight children. The Lifecorder and the ActiGraph showed high accuracy in assessing steps, providing speed of movement exceeded 2 km/h.

Relationship between fat-to-fat-free mass ratio and decrements in leg strength after downhill running

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1334-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hickner ◽  
P. M. Mehta ◽  
D. Dyck ◽  
P. Devita ◽  
J. A. Houmard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Downhill Running

The purpose of this study was to determine whether greater body fat mass (FM) relative to lean mass would result in more severe muscle damage and greater decrements in leg strength after downhill running. The relationship between the FM-to-fat-free mass ratio (FM/FFM) and the strength decline resulting from downhill running (−11% grade) was investigated in 24 male runners [age 23.4 ± 0.7 (SE) yr]. The runners were divided into two groups on the basis of FM/FFM: low fat (FM/FFM = 0.100 ± 0.008, body mass = 68.4 ± 1.3 kg) and normal fat (FM/FFM = 0.233 ± 0.020, body mass = 76.5 ± 3.3 kg, P < 0.05). Leg strength was reduced less in the low-fat (−0.7 ± 1.3%) than in the normal-fat individuals (−10.3 ± 1.5%) 48 h after, compared with before, downhill running ( P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the decline in strength could be predicted best by FM/FFM ( r2= 0.44, P < 0.05) and FM-to-thigh lean tissue cross-sectional area ratio ( r2= 0.53, P < 0.05), with no additional variables enhancing the prediction equation. There were no differences in muscle glycogen, creatine phosphate, ATP, or total creatine 48 h after, compared with before, downhill running; however, the change in muscle glycogen after downhill running was associated with a higher FM/FFM ( r = −0.56, P < 0.05). These data suggest that FM/FFM is a major determinant of losses in muscle strength after downhill running.

scholarly journals Changes of body composition among university students depending on the consumption frequency of selected bakery products

2021 ◽  
pp. 281-290
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Consumption Frequency

Background. Bakery products such as bread, rolls, croissants and others are an important part of eating habits. Recently, their consumption has been associated with an undesirable increase and prevalence of overweight or obesity. Objective. The aim of the work was to analyze the influence of the consumption frequency of selected types of bread / bakery products on anthropometric parameters in a group of university students. Material and Methods. The group was composed of 120 volunteers consuming different types of bread / bakery products with different consumption frequencies during the week. The anthropometric parameters were measured by InBody 720. To obtain information on the frequency of consumption we used the questionnaire method. Results. The results suggest that in most cases it is not the type of product that is decisive, but its quantity consumed and frequency of consumption supported by low daily physical activity, resp. sedentary lifestyle. We found similar results of the influence of the consumption frequency on anthropometric parameters for all types of bread. Low levels of physical activity, basal metabolism and consumption of selected types of bakery products (wheat bread, wheat rolls, sweet pastries and gluten-free variants) can cause an increase in visceral as well as total body fat, weight gain, BMI, at the expense of fat-free mass. Our results showed that the groups of participants who did not consume a certain type of bread at all, rarely or 1 to 3 times a week, showed higher values of the examined parameters (BMI, body weight, body fat percentage, WHR) compared to the group which consumed a particular type of bakery products on average 4 to 7 times a week. The parameter´s values were largely influenced by the levels of physical activity. Conclusions. Based on the results it is possible to assume that if the bakery products are the part of a balanced diet with regard to the individual energy needs, it should not be the main cause of overweight / obesity in humans.

scholarly journals Effects of physical activity on anthropometric characteristics in school-age children: A review study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (121) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Ana Lilić ◽  
Emilija Petković ◽  
Siniša Karišik ◽  
Ljiljana Bjelojević ◽  
Novica Gardašević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics

Background. Today, it is very speculative  to talk about the percentage of obese children in the world because these figures change significantly from day to day, and there are even significant differences between respondents in the same country, according to geographical area and place of residence. A constant decline in the level of physical activity of children on a global level can be reported from the age when they start school. Energy intake of food is largely from energy consumption, which leads to an increase in body weight and obesity. Factors of overweight and obesity are associated with a sensitive comparison of health: a significantly increased risk of diabetes, disorders of the locomotor system, and increased social and psychological rights. Methods and results. During the systematization of the research on the topic, the aim of the paper was to determine whether the influence of physical activity on anthropometric parameters in school-age children is reviewed by previous research. Nineteen types of studies were collected. The following electronic databases were used to search the literature: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science SPORTS DISCUS in the period from 2004 to 2016. The respondents included in the research were school-age children. Conclusion. The positive impact of various physical activity programs is aimed at reducing the parameters of anthropometric characteristics and obesity prevention. Keywords: physical activity, school program, morphology, anthropomeric data, exercises.  

scholarly journals Association of Perceived Built Environment Attributes with Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Ambulatory Patients with Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3908
Author(s):  
Masashi Kanai ◽  
Kazuhiro P. Izawa ◽  
Hiroki Kubo ◽  
Masafumi Nozoe ◽  
Kyoshi Mase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Objectively Measured Physical Activity

There is little evidence on how perceptions of the built environment may influence physical activity among post-stroke patients. This study aimed to explore the associations between perceived built environment attributes and objectively measured physical activity outcomes in community-dwelling ambulatory patients with stroke. This cross-sectional study recruited patients who could walk outside without assistance. We assessed both objectively measured physical activity outcomes such as number of steps and duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with an accelerometer and the patients’ perceived surrounding built environment with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Environmental Module. Sixty-one patients (67.0 years old) were included. The multiple linear regression analysis showed significant associations of the presence of sidewalks (β = 0.274, p = 0.016) and access to recreational facilities (β = 0.284, p = 0.010) with the number of steps taken (adjusted R2 = 0.33). In contrast, no significant associations were found between perceived built environment attributes and MVPA. These findings may help to suggest an approach to promote appropriate physical activity in patients with stroke depending on their surrounding built environment.

scholarly journals Effects of Physical Activity on the Performance of 24-h Urinary Sucrose and Fructose as a Biomarker of Total Sugars Intake (P18-128-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitra Mohan ◽  
Barbara Ainsworth ◽  
Susana Pama Duran ◽  
Virag Sagi-Kiss ◽  
Carol Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
P Value ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Dietary Sugars

Abstract Objectives Urinary sucrose and fructose has been suggested as a predictive biomarker of total sugars intake based on research involving UK adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between sugars consumption and 24-hour urinary sucrose and fructose (24uSF) in US adult population and to investigate the effect of physical activity on this association. Methods Fifty seven free-living healthy subjects 20 to 68 years old, participated in a 15-day highly controlled feeding study, consuming their habitual diet, provided by the research metabolic kitchen. Dietary sugars were estimated using Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR). Subjects collected eight 24-hour urine samples measured for urinary sucrose and fructose. Physical activity was assessed daily using a validated 15-day log that inquired about 38 physical activities across six domains; home activities, transportation, occupation, conditioning, sports and leisure. Results The 15-d mean total sugars and added sugars intake (SD) of the study population was 112.2 (33.1) g/day and 65.8 (29.0) g/day (9.7%EI), respectively. Significant moderate positive correlation was found between 15-d mean total sugars intake and 8-day mean 24uSF (r = 0.56, P < 0.001). Similarly, added sugars were moderately correlated with 24uSF (r = 0.56, P < 0.001), while no correlation was found between naturally-occurring sugars and 24uSF (r = 0.070, P < 0.001). In a linear multiple regression, total and added sugars each explained 30% of variability in 24uSF (Adjusted R2, p value; total sugars: 0.297, 0.001; added sugars: 0.301, P < 0.001). We found no effect of physical activity on the association between dietary and urinary sugars in neither the correlation nor the linear regression analysis. Conclusions 24uSF showed moderate association with both total and added sugars consumption in US adults. No evidence was found showing that physical activity levels affect the association between 24uSF and sugars intake in US adults. Funding Sources National Cancer Institute.

scholarly journals Arginine 16 Glycine Polymorphism inβ2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Is Associated with Obesity, Hyperlipidemia, Hyperleptinemia, and Insulin Resistance in Saudis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha H. Daghestani ◽  
Arjumand Warsy ◽  
Mazin H. Daghestani ◽  
Ali N. Al-odaib ◽  
Abdelmoneim Eldali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Arg16gly Polymorphism ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor Gene

Background. Several studies have shown an association between codon 16 polymorphism of theβ2AR gene and obesity.Methods. We studied the association between Arg16Gly polymorphism and obesity and its influence on anthropometric parameters, lipids, insulin resistance and leptin in Saudi individuals. The study group included 329 individuals (males: 109 and females: 220). Metabolic parameters, including glucose, lipids, insulin, and leptin were analyzed and anthropometric parameters including waist and hip circumference, waist/hip (W/H) ratio, and body mass index (BMI) were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated. Genotyping was conducted by DNA sequencing of 353 bp fragments, carrying the Arg16Gly polymorphic site.Results and Conclusion. Overweight and obese subjects had a significantly higher frequency of Gly16 (0.375 and 0.38, resp.) compared with normal-weight subjects (0.200). In addition, subjects carrying Gly16 allele regardless of their BMI had greater waist and hip circumference, W/H ratio, plasma lipids, leptin, glucose level, and insulin resistance as judged from the HOMA-IR, compared to those with the wild-type allele. The findings of this study show a significant association between the Arg16Gly polymorphism inβ2AR gene and the development of insulin resistance, overweight, and obesity in Saudi populations with an influence on the levels of lipid and leptin.

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