A Novel Approach of Improving Battery Performance and Longevity of the Developed Electrically Assisted Triwheeler Vehicle by Implementing Torque Sensor Technology

This paper presents a new approach to improving the battery performance and its longevity by the implementation of torque sensor pedal technology on the developed electric triwheeler vehicle (i.e., wheelchair). The paper has also discussed integration of the torque sensor technology with the overall electrical system of the vehicle. Incorporating the components of torque sensor technology reduces the human effort immensely by providing assistance from the battery bank to drive a hub motor while maneuvering the wheelchair using the torque sensor pedal. Field tests were carried out in three different stages, one with pedal, one with the throttle only, and with varying the load on the wheelchair, to distinguish the effect of load test on battery performance using the pedal. Results of the field tests reveal that the state of charge of batteries has been minimized using the pedal due to the contribution of the muscular energy of the user along with the battery energy to meet the total energy demand of the motor. Analyzing test results with the torque sensor pedal clarifies that the vehicle covers a longer distance, lessens power dissipation from the batteries, and reduces energy consumption from the batteries, which leads to improvement of the battery performance and its longevity ensuring sustainability of the electric vehicle.

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Potential item set mining by using utility pattern growth model in big data

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i1.3.9269 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1.3) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

S. Angel Latha Mary ◽

R. Divya ◽

K. Uma Maheswari

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Time Complexity ◽

The Novel ◽

Test Results ◽

Utility Mining ◽

Complex Issue ◽

New Approach ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Using Data ◽

Candidate Item

Information extracted by using data mining in earlier days. Now a day’s, the most talked about technology is Big Data. Utility Mining is the most crucial task in the real time application where the customers prefer to choose the item set which can yield more profit. Handling of large volume of transactional patterns becomes the complex issue in every application which is resolved in the existing work introducing the parallel utility mining process which will process the candidate item sets in the paralyzed manner by dividing the entire tasks into sub partition. Each sub partition would be processed in individual mapper and then be resulted with the final output value. The time complexity would be more when processing an unnecessary candidate item sets. This problem is resolved in the proposed methodology by introducing the novel approach called UP-Growth and UP-Growth+ which will prune the candidate item sets to reduce the dimension of the candidate item sets. The time complexity is further reduced by representing the candidate item sets in the tree layout. The test results prove that the proposed new approach provides better result than the existing work in terms of accuracy.

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A Sizing Method for PV–Battery–Generator Systems for Off-Grid Applications Based on the LCOE

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14071988 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1988

Author(s):

Ioannis E. Kosmadakis ◽

Costas Elmasides

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Optimal Number ◽

Diesel Generator ◽

Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽

Sufficient Power ◽

Battery Energy

Electricity supply in nonelectrified areas can be covered by distributed renewable energy systems. The main disadvantage of these systems is the intermittent and often unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources. Moreover, the temporal distribution of renewable energy may not match that of energy demand. Systems that combine photovoltaic modules with electrical energy storage (EES) can eliminate the above disadvantages. However, the adoption of such solutions is often financially prohibitive. Therefore, all parameters that lead to a functionally reliable and self-sufficient power generation system should be carefully considered during the design phase of such systems. This study proposes a sizing method for off-grid electrification systems consisting of photovoltaics (PV), batteries, and a diesel generator set. The method is based on the optimal number of PV panels and battery energy capacity whilst minimizing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for a period of 25 years. Validations against a synthesized load profile produced grid-independent systems backed by different accumulator technologies, with LCOEs ranging from 0.34 EUR/kWh to 0.46 EUR/kWh. The applied algorithm emphasizes a parameter of useful energy as a key output parameter for which the solar harvest is maximized in parallel with the minimization of the LCOE.

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The discovery of biological subphenotypes in ARDS: a novel approach to targeted medicine?

Journal of Intensive Care ◽

10.1186/s40560-021-00528-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karin Wildi ◽

Samantha Livingstone ◽

Chiara Palmieri ◽

Gianluigi LiBassi ◽

Jacky Suen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Geographical Location ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Shock State ◽

Pharmacological Agents ◽

New Approach ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Active Research ◽

Targeted Medicine ◽

Core Features

AbstractThe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung disorder with a high morbidity and mortality which affects all age groups. Despite active research with intense, ongoing attempts in developing pharmacological agents to treat ARDS, its mortality rate remains unaltered high and treatment is still only supportive. Over the years, there have been many attempts to identify meaningful subgroups likely to react differently to treatment among the heterogenous ARDS population, most of them unsuccessful. Only recently, analysis of large ARDS cohorts from randomized controlled trials have identified the presence of distinct biological subphenotypes among ARDS patients: a hypoinflammatory (or uninflamed; named P1) and a hyperinflammatory (or reactive; named P2) subphenotype have been proposed and corroborated with existing retrospective data. The hyperinflammatory subphenotyope was clearly associated with shock state, metabolic acidosis, and worse clinical outcomes. Core features of the respective subphenotypes were identified consistently in all assessed cohorts, independently of the studied population, the geographical location, the study design, or the analysis method. Additionally and clinically even more relevant treatment efficacies, as assessed retrospectively, appeared to be highly dependent on the respective subphenotype. This discovery launches a promising new approach to targeted medicine in ARDS. Even though it is now widely accepted that each ARDS subphenotype has distinct functional, biological, and mechanistic differences, there are crucial gaps in our knowledge, hindering the translation to bedside application. First of all, the underlying driving biological factors are still largely unknown, and secondly, there is currently no option for fast and easy identification of ARDS subphenotypes. This narrative review aims to summarize the evidence in biological subphenotyping in ARDS and tries to point out the current issues that will need addressing before translation of biological subohenotypes into clinical practice will be possible.

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Unimodular vs nilpotent superfield approach to pure dS supergravity

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep01(2021)146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sukruti Bansal ◽

Silvia Nagy ◽

Antonio Padilla ◽

Ivonne Zavala

Keyword(s):

String Theory ◽

General Framework ◽

Recent Progress ◽

High Energy ◽

De Sitter Spacetime ◽

De Sitter ◽

New Approach ◽

Sitter Spacetime ◽

Novel Approach ◽

De Sitter Vacua

Abstract Recent progress in understanding de Sitter spacetime in supergravity and string theory has led to the development of a four dimensional supergravity with spontaneously broken supersymmetry allowing for de Sitter vacua, also called de Sitter supergravity. One approach makes use of constrained (nilpotent) superfields, while an alternative one couples supergravity to a locally supersymmetric generalization of the Volkov-Akulov goldstino action. These two approaches have been shown to give rise to the same 4D action. A novel approach to de Sitter vacua in supergravity involves the generalisation of unimodular gravity to supergravity using a super-Stückelberg mechanism. In this paper, we make a connection between this new approach and the previous two which are in the context of nilpotent superfields and the goldstino brane. We show that upon appropriate field redefinitions, the 4D actions match up to the cubic order in the fields. This points at the possible existence of a more general framework to obtain de Sitter spacetimes from high-energy theories.

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LiDAR-Based Glass Detection for Improved Occupancy Grid Mapping

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21072263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 2263

Author(s):

Haileleol Tibebu ◽

Jamie Roche ◽

Varuna De Silva ◽

Ahmet Kondoz

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanner ◽

Point Clouds ◽

Light Detection And Ranging ◽

Test Results ◽

New Approach ◽

Occupancy Grid ◽

Laser Scanners ◽

Novel Method ◽

Occupancy Grid Mapping ◽

Cartesian Coordinate

Creating an accurate awareness of the environment using laser scanners is a major challenge in robotics and auto industries. LiDAR (light detection and ranging) is a powerful laser scanner that provides a detailed map of the environment. However, efficient and accurate mapping of the environment is yet to be obtained, as most modern environments contain glass, which is invisible to LiDAR. In this paper, a method to effectively detect and localise glass using LiDAR sensors is proposed. This new approach is based on the variation of range measurements between neighbouring point clouds, using a two-step filter. The first filter examines the change in the standard deviation of neighbouring clouds. The second filter uses a change in distance and intensity between neighbouring pules to refine the results from the first filter and estimate the glass profile width before updating the cartesian coordinate and range measurement by the instrument. Test results demonstrate the detection and localisation of glass and the elimination of errors caused by glass in occupancy grid maps. This novel method detects frameless glass from a long range and does not depend on intensity peak with an accuracy of 96.2%.

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Compiling Life-Oriented Moral Education Textbooks for Elementary Schools in China: The Mimetic Approach in Morality and Law

ECNU Review of Education ◽

10.1177/2096531120982961 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 209653112098296

Author(s):

Yan Tang

Keyword(s):

Elementary Schools ◽

Moral Education ◽

Life Events ◽

Theoretical Perspective ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Learning Activities ◽

Design Approach ◽

New Approach ◽

Novel Approach

Purpose: This study explores a novel approach to compiling life-oriented moral textbooks for elementary schools in China, specifically focusing on Morality and Law. Design/Approach/Methods: Adopting Aristotle’s Poetics as its theoretical perspective, this study illustrates and analyzes the mimetic approach used in compiling the life-oriented moral education textbook, Morality and Law. Findings: The mimetic approach involves imitating children's real activities, thoughts, and feelings in textbooks. The mimetic approach to compiling life-oriented moral textbooks comprises three strategies: constructing children's life events as building blocks for textbook compilation, designing an intricate textual device exposing the wholeness of children's life actions, and designing inward learning activities leading to children's inner worlds. Originality/Value: From the perspective of Aristotle's Poetics, the approach to compilation in Morality and Law can be defined as mimetic. And the compilation activity in the life-oriented moral education textbook also can be described as a processes of mimesis. So this article presents a new approach to compile moral education textbooks, and an innovative way to understand the nature of one compiling activity.

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Prediction of Effects of Geogrid Reinforced Granular Fill on the Behaviour of Static Liquefaction

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2014/210843 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Hemalatha ◽

N. Mahendran ◽

G. Ganesh Prabhu

Keyword(s):

Bearing Capacity ◽

Load Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Plate Load Test ◽

Large Size ◽

Static Liquefaction ◽

Granular Fill ◽

Size Dimension ◽

Subgrade Modulus ◽

Different Thickness

The experimental investigation on the effects of granular fill and geogrid reinforced granular fill on the behaviour of the static liquefaction potential of the subsoil is reported in this study. A series of plate load test were carried out with different thickness of the granular fill, number of geogrid layers, and size/dimension of the footing. The test results were presented in terms of bearing capacity and subgrade modulus for the settlement ofδ10,δ15, andδ20. The experimental results revealed that the introduction of granular fill significantly increases the bearing capacity and effectively control the settlement behaviour of the footing. The introduction of geogrid in granular fill enhanced the Percentage of Control in Settlement and Bearing Capacity Ratio by a maximum of 328.54% and 203.41%, respectively. The introduction of geogrid in granular fill interrupts the failure zone of the granular fill and enhances the subgrade modulus of the footing by a maximum of 255.55%; in addition subgrade modulus of the footing was increased with an increase in the number of geogrid layers. Based on the test results it is suggested that the footing with large size has beneficial improvement on the reinforced granular fill.

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Interpretation methods of Statnamic load test results.

Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu ◽

10.2208/jscej.1999.624_267 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 267-282

Author(s):

Kazushi KATO ◽

Kenichi HORIKOSHI ◽

Tatsunori MATSUMOTO ◽

Osamu KUSAKABE

Keyword(s):

Load Test ◽

Test Results

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Estimation of Outdoor PM2.5 Infiltration into Multifamily Homes Depending on Building Characteristics Using Regression Models

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13105708 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 5708

Author(s):

Bo-Ram Park ◽

Ye-Seul Eom ◽

Dong-Hee Choi ◽

Dong-Hwa Kang

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Correlation Analysis ◽

Field Test ◽

Outer Surface ◽

Regression Models ◽

Field Tests ◽

Test Results ◽

Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽

Building Characteristics ◽

Pm2.5 Concentration

The purpose of this study was to evaluate outdoor PM2.5 infiltration into multifamily homes according to the building characteristics using regression models. Field test results from 23 multifamily homes were analyzed to investigate the infiltration factor and building characteristics including floor area, volume, outer surface area, building age, and airtightness. Correlation and regression analysis were then conducted to identify the building factor that is most strongly associated with the infiltration of outdoor PM2.5. The field tests revealed that the average PM2.5 infiltration factor was 0.71 (±0.19). The correlation analysis of the building characteristics and PM2.5 infiltration factor revealed that building airtightness metrics (ACH50, ELA/FA, and NL) had a statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation (r = 0.70, 0.69, and 0.68, respectively) with the infiltration factor. Following the correlation analysis, a regression model for predicting PM2.5 infiltration based on the ACH50 airtightness index was proposed. The study confirmed that the outdoor-origin PM2.5 concentration in highly leaky units could be up to 1.59 times higher than that in airtight units.

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A Novel Approach for Metal Surface Modification

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.1805 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 280-283 ◽

pp. 1805-1806

Author(s):

Zhi Jun Cao ◽

Jia Chen Liu ◽

Li Bin Liu ◽

Hao Ye ◽

Yan Qiu Wei

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Wear Rate ◽

Charge State ◽

Metal Surface ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Metallic Surface ◽

New Approach ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Complex Shapes ◽

Enhanced Surface

A new approach was developed for surface modification of metallic surface. By treating nano-zirconia particles and metal surface in different charge state, nano-zirconia particles can be dispersedly inlaid in metal surface owing to electrostatic and nanometer effects. By using this method, metal components of complex shapes, especially those having inside surfaces, might be easily improved, i.e., enhanced surface hardness and wear rate.

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