scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities and Time-Kill Kinetics of Extracts of Selected Ghanaian Mushrooms

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Appiah ◽  
Yaw Duah Boakye ◽  
Christian Agyare
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Kinetics Of

The rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide problem. This has necessitated the need to search for new antimicrobial agents. Mushrooms are rich sources of potential antimicrobial agents. This study investigated the antimicrobial properties of methanol extracts of Trametes gibbosa, Trametes elegans, Schizophyllum commune, and Volvariella volvacea. Agar well diffusion, broth microdilution, and time-kill kinetic assays were used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts against selected test organisms. Preliminary mycochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, anthraquinones, and alkaloids in the extracts. Methanol extracts of T. gibbosa, T. elegans, S. commune, and V. volvacea showed mean zone of growth inhibition of 10.00±0.0 to 21.50±0.84, 10.00±0.0 to 22.00±1.10, 9.00±0.63 to 21.83±1.17, and 12.00±0.0 to 21.17±1.00 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol extracts of T. gibbosa, T. elegans, S. commune, and V. volvacea ranged from 4.0 to 20, 6.0 to 30.0, 8.0 to 10.0, and 6.0 to 20.0 mg/mL, respectively. Time-kill kinetics studies showed that the extracts possess bacteriostatic action. Methanol extracts of T. gibbosa, T. elegans, S. commune, and V. volvacea exhibited antimicrobial activity and may contain bioactive compounds which may serve as potential antibacterial and antifungal agents.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF SOME NOVEL (E)-METHYL 2,4-DIMETHYL-5-(3-OXO-3-PHENYLPROP-1-EN-1- YL)-1H-PYRROLE-3-CARBOXYLATE DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 464-469
Author(s):  
MAHESH HUBLIKAR ◽  
PRASHANT DIXIT ◽  
VIKAS KADU ◽  
SACHIN SHIRAME ◽  
DATTATRAYA RAUT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Acetophenone Derivatives ◽  
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Objective: The objective of the present study was to synthesize a series of some novel (E)-methyl 2,4-dimethyl-5-(3-oxo-3-phenylprop-1-en-1-yl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate derivatives and to evaluate it’s in vitro antimicrobial activities. Methods: A novel series of (E)-methyl 2,4-dimethyl-5-(3-oxo-3-phenylprop-1-en-1-yl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate derivative (8a-l) has been synthesized by cyclization (Knorr reaction) hydrolysis, decarboxylation, and Vilsmeier–Haack formylation reaction. 5-formyl-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate 6 undergo condensation with acetophenone derivatives 7a-l in methanol and potassium hydroxide. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial screening. Results: The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity data revealed that the synthesized derivatives possess good antibacterial and antifungal activity which is attributed due to the presence of the heterocyclic ring; further, the activity increased with the introduction of a methoxy group in the structure. Conclusions: New pyrrole chalcone derivatives act as significant antimicrobial agents, easy work-up procedure and reaction take place with minimum side product. Antimicrobial activity report provides an interesting template for the syntheses of new antimicrobial agents and may be helpful for the design of new therapeutic tools.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of squalamine mimics.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1433-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kikuchi ◽  
E M Bernard ◽  
A Sadownik ◽  
S L Regen ◽  
D Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
New Class ◽  
Dogfish Shark ◽  
Polyamine Conjugates

We investigated the antimicrobial properties of compounds with structural features that were designed to mimic those of squalamine, an antibiotic isolated from the stomach of the dogfish shark. The mimics, like squalamine, are sterol-polyamine conjugates. Unlike squalamine, the mimics were simple to prepare, at high yield, from readily available starting materials. Several squalamine mimics showed activity against gram-negative rods, gram-positive cocci including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and fungi. Some had little or no hemolytic activity. The hydrophobicity of the sterol backbone and the length and the cationic charge of the side chains appeared to be critical determinants of activity. One of the squalamine mimics, SM-7, was bactericidal against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and S. aureus; its activity was decreased by divalent or monovalent cations and by bovine serum albumin. Subinhibitory concentrations of SM-7 markedly enhanced the antimicrobial activity of rifampin against gram-negative rods. These results suggest that the compounds may disrupt an outer membrane of gram-negative rods. Squalamine mimics are a new class of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. The antagonism of their activity by serum and albumin and their hemolytic properties may limit their use as systemic agents. The squalamine mimics, because of their potencies, broad spectra of antimicrobial activity, and potential for systemic toxicity, appear to be good candidates for development as topical antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Phytonutrients and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Extract from Hafr Al-Batin Truffles

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Ghassab M. Al-Mazaideh ◽  
Farhan K. Al-Swailmi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Hypogeous Fungi ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Desert Truffle ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Peak Areas ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The desert truffle is a wild mushroom, also referred to as Kamah or Fagaa. Kamah is a rich source of polysaccharides that have medicinal, antitumoral, antibacterial, and immune-stimulant effects. Studies of hypogeous fungi, especially desert truffles, have recently entered traditional studies of epigeous higher Basidiomycetes. Based on the tasty desert truffle Kamah obtained from Hafr Al-Batin Governorate, Saudi Arabia, as a source of potential antimicrobial agents with both the aim of obtaining novel agents toward bacteria and Fungi of clinical significance. We specifically tested the antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of methanol extracts of Kamah against the Gram-negative bacterial pathogens reference strains E. coli ATCC® 8739, P. Aeruginosa ATCC®9027, S. aureus ATCC®6538, Enterococci NCTC®775 and opportunistic fungus C. albicans ATCC®1231.The extract had MIC (minimum inhibitory concentrations) varying from 100 g/ml to 500 g/ml against the pathogens examined. The LC-QTOF-MS (liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry) phytoconstituents assay chromatogram indicated that the methanol extracts of Kamah comprises 264 with retention periods varying from 1.04 to 18.86, which were categorized as unsaturated and saturated natural ingredients sch as aromatic compounds, carboxylic acids, oxygenated hydrocarbons, fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins).The main compounds were discovered to be 21 with peak areas larger than 2X10-5 and retention periods varying from 2.3 to 9.13.The main known substances with the maximum peaks were adenosine (11.724), phenylalanine (7.711), phenprobamate (7.711), and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5.711). Such preliminary findings, we assume, are encouraging in terms of obtaining a beneficial antibiotic substitute to battle antibiotic-resistant pathogens especially eye infections.

scholarly journals Novel Antimicrobial Agents: Fluorinated 2-(3-(Benzofuran-2-yl) pyrazol-1-yl)thiazoles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan A. Mohamed ◽  
Ehab Abdel-Latif ◽  
Bakr F. Abdel-Wahab ◽  
Ghada E. A. Awad
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
New Compounds

A new series of 2-pyrazolin-1-ylthiazoles 8a–d and 13–16 was synthesized by cyclization of N-thiocarboxamide-2-pyrazoline with different haloketones and 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses as well as NMR, IR, and mass spectral data. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities, and also their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against most of test organisms was performed. Amongst the tested ones, compound 8c displayed excellent antimicrobial activity.

Copper-catalyzed Convenient Synthesis and SAR Studies of Substituted-1,2,3-triazole as Antimicrobial Agents

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Aniket P. Sarkate ◽  
Kshipra S. Karnik ◽  
Pravin S. Wakte ◽  
Ajinkya P. Sarkate ◽  
Ashwini V. Izankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Dipolar Cycloaddition ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Sar Studies ◽  
Convenient Synthesis ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Background:A novel copper-catalyzed synthesis of substituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives has been developed and performed by Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azides with alkynes. The reaction is one-pot multicomponent.Objective:We state the advancement and execution of a methodology allowing for the synthesis of some new substituted 1,2,3-triazole analogues with antimicrobial activity.Methods:A series of triazole derivatives was synthesized by Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azides with alkynes. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated and confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity against a series of strains of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity and against the strains of Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus nigar for antifungal activity, respectively.Results and Conclusion:From the antimicrobial data, it was observed that all the newly synthesized compounds showed good to moderate level of antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Synthesis of Novel 3(N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl/phenyl Substituted Thieno [2,3-d]pyrimidinones as H1-Anti-Histaminic and Antimicrobial Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Shiv Dev Singh ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Firoz Babar ◽  
Neetu Sachan ◽  
Arun Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pyrimidine Ring ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Chlorpheniramine Maleate ◽  
In Vivo Screening

Background: Thienopyrimidines are the bioisoster of quinazoline and unlike quinazoline exist in three isomeric forms corresponding to the three possible types annulation of thiophene to the pyrimidine ring viz thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine, thieno[3,2-d] pyrimidine and thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine. Heterocyclic containing the thienopyrimidinone moiety exhibits various pronounced activities such as anti-hypertensive, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antiviral, platelet aggregation inhibitory, antiprotozoal bronchodilatory, phosphodiesterase inhibitory, antihistaminic, antipsychotic and antimicrobial activity. Objective: Synthesis of novel 3(N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl/phenyl substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinones as H1-anti-histaminic and antimicrobial agents. Methods: A series of 3-[(N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl/phenyl]-2-(1H)thioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo(b) thieno(2,3-d)pyrimidine-4(3H)-ones[4a-d], their oxo analogous [5a-d] and 3-[(N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl]- 2-chlorophenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo(b)thieno(2,3-d)pyrimidine- 4 (3H)-ones[6a-d]derivative were synthesized from 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo(b)thiophene-3-carboxylic acid by nucleophilic substitution of different N,N-dialkyl alkylene/phenylene diamines on activated 3-acylchloride moiety followed by cyclocondensation with carbon disulfide and ethanolic potassium hydroxide to get [4a-d] and in second reaction by condensation with 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride to get [6a-d] by single pot novel innovative route. The oxo analogous [5a-d] were prepared by treating derivatives [4a-d] with potassium permagnate in ethanolic KOH. The synthesized compound were evaluated for H1-antihistaminic and antimicrobial activities. Results: All synthesized compounds exhibited significant H1-antihistaminic activity by in vitro and in vivo screening methods and data were verified analytically and statistically. The compound 4a, 4b, 5a and 5b showed significant H1-antihistaminiic activity than the reference standard chlorpheniramine maleate. The compound 6d, 6c, 5c and 4c exhibited significant antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Biological and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Arginine-Rich Peptide Gemini Surfactants with Lysine and Cystine Spacers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3299
Author(s):  
Damian Neubauer ◽  
Maciej Jaśkiewicz ◽  
Marta Bauer ◽  
Agata Olejniczak-Kęder ◽  
Emilia Sikorska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cationic Surfactants ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Critical Aggregation Concentration ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Enhanced Selectivity

Ultrashort cationic lipopeptides (USCLs) and gemini cationic surfactants are classes of potent antimicrobials. Our recent study has shown that the branching and shortening of the fatty acids chains with the simultaneous addition of a hydrophobic N-terminal amino acid in USCLs result in compounds with enhanced selectivity. Here, this approach was introduced into arginine-rich gemini cationic surfactants. L-cystine diamide and L-lysine amide linkers were used as spacers. Antimicrobial activity against planktonic and biofilm cultures of ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) strains and Candida sp. as well as hemolytic and cytotoxic activities were examined. Moreover, antimicrobial activity in the presence of human serum and the ability to form micelles were evaluated. Membrane permeabilization study, serum stability assay, and molecular dynamics were performed. Generally, critical aggregation concentration was linearly correlated with hydrophobicity. Gemini surfactants were more active than the parent USCLs, and they turned out to be selective antimicrobial agents with relatively low hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. Geminis with the L-cystine diamide spacer seem to be less cytotoxic than their L-lysine amide counterparts, but they exhibited lower antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities in serum. In some cases, geminis with branched fatty acid chains and N-terminal hydrophobic amino acid resides exhibited enhanced selectivity to pathogens over human cells.

scholarly journals Novel Acetohydrazide Pyrazole Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2740-2744
Author(s):  
Anil Verma ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Ramesh Kataria ◽  
Joginder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Pyrazole Derivatives ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Electron Withdrawing Group ◽  
Sar Study

Eleven acetohydrazide linked pyrazole derivatives were designed and synthesized via condensation of acetohyadrazide with different substituted formyl pyrazole derivatives under mild reaction conditions. Synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of IR, NMR (1H & 13C) and mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activities of all the compounds were screened against four bacterial and two fungal strains. Among the synthesized compounds, three compounds viz. 6b, 6c and 6d were found as efficient antimicrobial agents in reference to the standard drugs viz. ciprofloxacin and amphotericin-B. Further, structure-activity relationship (SAR) study revealed that electron-withdrawing group enhances the antimicrobial potential of synthesized derivatives as compared to other groups present in the ring. Hence, among compounds 6b-c, compound 6d could be explored further against other microbes to prove its vitality.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Modified Resin Composite against Oral Pathogens

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4383
Author(s):  
Barbara Lapinska ◽  
Aleksandra Szram ◽  
Beata Zarzycka ◽  
Janina Grzegorczyk ◽  
Louis Hardan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oral Pathogens

Modifying the composition of dental restorative materials with antimicrobial agents might induce their antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria, e.g., S.mutans and L.acidophilus, as well as antifungal effect on C.albicans that are major oral pathogens. Essential oils (EOs) are widely known for antimicrobial activity and are successfully used in dental industry. The study aimed at evaluating antibacterial and antifungal activity of EOs and composite resin material (CR) modified with EO against oral pathogens. Ten EOs (i.e., anise, cinnamon, citronella, clove, geranium, lavender, limette, mint, rosemary thyme) were tested using agar diffusion method. Cinnamon and thyme EOs showed significantly highest antibacterial activity against S.mutans and L.acidophilus among all tested EOs. Anise and limette EOs showed no antibacterial activity against S.mutans. All tested EOs exhibited antifungal activity against C.albicans, whereas cinnamon EO showed significantly highest and limette EO significantly lowest activity. Next, 1, 2 or 5 µL of cinnamon EO was introduced into 2 g of CR and microbiologically tested. The modified CR showed higher antimicrobial activity in comparison to unmodified one. CR containing 2 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against S.mutans and C.albicans, while CR modified with 1 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against L.acidophilus.

scholarly journals The Design of Alapropoginine, a Novel Conjugated Ultrashort Antimicrobial Peptide with Potent Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity in Combination with Conventional Antibiotics

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Ali Salama ◽  
Ammar Almaaytah ◽  
Rula M. Darwish
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

(1) Background: Antimicrobial resistance represents an urgent health dilemma facing the global human population. The development of novel antimicrobial agents is needed to face the rising number of resistant bacteria. Ultrashort antimicrobial peptides (USAMPs) are considered promising antimicrobial agents that meet the required criteria of novel antimicrobial drug development. (2) Methods: Alapropoginine was rationally designed by incorporating arginine (R), biphenylalanine (B), and naproxen to create an ultrashort hexapeptide. The antimicrobial activity of alapropoginine was evaluated against different strains of bacteria. The hemolytic activity of alapropoginine was also investigated against human erythrocytes. Finally, synergistic studies with antibiotics were performed using the checkerboard technique and the determination of the fractional inhibitory index. (3) Results: Alapropoginine displayed potent antimicrobial activities against reference and multi-drug-resistant bacteria with MIC values of as low as 28.6 µg/mL against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Alapropoginine caused negligible toxicity toward human red blood cells. Moreover, the synergistic studies showed improved activities for the combined conventional antibiotics with a huge reduction in their antimicrobial concentrations. (4) Conclusions: The present study indicates that alapropoginine exhibits promising antimicrobial activity against reference and resistant strains of bacteria with negligible hemolytic activity. Additionally, the peptide displays synergistic or additive effects when combined with several antibiotics.

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