scholarly journals The Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius Muscle in Humans: A Meta-Analysis of Anatomical Studies with Clinical and Evolutionary Implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaissar Yammine ◽  
Mirela Erić
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Terrestrial Locomotion ◽  
Evolutionary Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Insertion Sites ◽  
Secondary Function

Being considered an exclusive human structure for a long time, fibularis tertius (FT) is believed to have a secondary function of foot dorsiflexion and eversion. This study is an attempt to approach the issue from an anatomical perspective. A systematic literature search identified 35 studies (7601 legs) which met the inclusion criteria. The weighted results of FT presence were as follows: an “adult cadaveric” frequency of 93.2% and a clinical frequency of 80%. The most common FT origin and insertion sites were the distal half of fibula and the base of the 5th metatarsal, respectively. In 95% of cases, an accessory fibular muscle was detected when FT was lacking. We demonstrated that the discrepancy found between the adult cadaveric and clinical frequency values would point out a probable bias in interpreting previous kinesiological results. On an evolutionary level, comparative anatomy demonstrated a very low FT prevalence among monkeys while reaching a frequency of 30% in gorillas, the only non-human apes having an almost exclusive terrestrial locomotion. The consistent prevalence among humans and the presence of similar functional muscles when it is missing would support an essential role of FT during the phylogenetic development of the erect bipedal posture and probably during gait.

scholarly journals Flap fixation in preventing seroma formation after mastectomy: an updated meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunzio Velotti ◽  
Gennaro Limite ◽  
Antonio Vitiello ◽  
Giovanna Berardi ◽  
Mario Musella
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Seroma Formation ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Strong Evaluation ◽  
Flap Fixation

AbstractSeroma formation following mastectomy is one of the most experienced complications, with a very variable incidence ranging from 3 to 90%. In recent years, many publications have been realized to define an effective technique to prevent its formation and several approaches have been proposed. Given the potential of flap fixation in reducing seroma formation, we performed a meta-analysis of the literature to investigate the role of this approach as definitive gold standard in mastectomy surgery. Inclusion criteria regarded all studies reporting on breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy with or without axillary lymph node dissection; studies that compared mastectomy with flap fixation to mastectomy without flap fixation were selected. Papers were eligible for inclusion if outcome was described in terms of seroma formation. As secondary outcome, also surgical site infection (SSI) was evaluated. The included studies were 12, involving 1887 female patients: 221/986 (22.41%) patients experienced seroma formation after flap fixation and 393/901 (43.61%) patients had this complication not receiving flap fixation, with a significant statistical difference between the two groups (OR = 0.267, p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.153, 0.464). About, SSI 59/686 (8.6%) in flap fixation group and 67/686 (9.7%) in patients without flap fixation, with no statistical differences between groups (OR = 0.59, p = 0.056, 95% CI 0.344, 1.013).The heterogeneity between included studies does not allow us to reach definitive conclusions but only to suggest the strong evaluation of this approach after mastectomy in seroma preventing and SSI reduction.

scholarly journals Involvement of the Anterior Commissure in Early Glottic Cancer (Tis-T2): A Review of the Literature

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Hendriksma ◽  
Elisabeth V. Sjögren
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Commissure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Glottic Cancer ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Early Glottic Cancer ◽  
Weighted Averages ◽  
Detailed Classification ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of the anterior commissure (AC) involvement on prognosis in laryngeal cancer remains a topic of discussion with inconsistent results in the literature. This review examines AC involvement as a prognostic factor in patients with early glottic cancer (Tis–T2) treated with radiotherapy or transoral laser microsurgery (TLM). Methods: A systematic literature search was performed. Due to the heterogeneity of the data, no meta-analysis was implemented. Weighted averages were calculated if the appropriate data were extractable. Results: Thirty-four studies on radiotherapy and 23 on TLM fit the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies for both radiotherapy (67.7%) and TLM (75.0%) did not report a significant impact on oncological outcomes. Weighted averages were slightly lower in patients with AC involvement. The two studies that applied a more detailed classification showed a significant impact on the amount of AC involvement. Conclusions: Binary variables (yes/no) for AC involvement lead to inconsistent results. Studies that use more detailed classifications of the AC show that there is a significant impact on the outcome. To further elucidate the role of the AC, detailed stratification of tumors involving the AC need to be investigated in further studies for both treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Elevated D-Dimer Levels are Associated with Increased Risk of Mortality in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Shah ◽  
Kuldeep Shah ◽  
Siddharth B Patel ◽  
Forum S Patel ◽  
Mohammed Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
D Dimer

AbstractIntroductionThe 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), now declared a pandemic has an overall case fatality of 2–3% but it is as high as 50% in critically ill patients. D-dimer is an important prognostic tool, often elevated in patients with severe COVID-19 infection and in those who suffered death. In this systematic review, we aimed to investigate the prognostic role of D-dimer in COVID-19 infected patients.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, Ovid, and Cochrane for studies reporting admission D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients and its effect on mortality.Results18 studies (16 retrospective and 2 prospective) with a total of 3,682 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled mean difference (MD) suggested significantly elevated D-dimer levels in patients who died versus those survived (MD 6.13 mg/L, 95% CI 4.16 − 8.11, p <0.001). Similarly, the pooled mean D-dimer levels were significantly elevated in patients with severe COVID-19 infection (MD 0.54 mg/L, 95% CI 0.28 − 0.8, p< 0.001). In addition, the risk of mortality was four-fold higher in patients with positive D-dimer vs negative D-dimer (RR 4.11, 95% CI 2.48 − 6.84, p< 0.001) and the risk of developing the severe disease was two-fold higher in patients with positive D-dimer levels vs negative D-dimer (RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.34 − 3.11, p < 0.001).ConclusionOur meta-analysis demonstrates that patients with COVID-19 presenting with elevated D-dimer levels have an increased risk of severe disease and mortality.

scholarly journals An Analysis for Key Indicators of Reproducibility in Radiology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Wright ◽  
Nam Vo ◽  
Johnny Nolan ◽  
Austin L. Johnson ◽  
Tyler Braaten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
National Library ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Random List ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Radiological Studies

AbstractBackgroundGiven the central role of radiology in patient care, it is important that radiological research is grounded in reproducible science. It remains unexamined whether there is a lack of reproducibility or transparency in radiologic research.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze published radiology literature for the presence or absence of key indicators of reproducibility.MethodsThis cross-sectional, retrospective study was performed by conducting a search of the National Library of Medicine to identify publications contained within journals in the field of Radiology. Journals that were not written in English or MEDLINE indexed were excluded from the analysis. Studies published from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 were used to generate a random list of 300 publications for this meta-analysis. A pilot-tested, Google form was used to evaluate key indicators of reproducibility in the queried publications.ResultsOur initial search returned 295,543 records, from which 300 were randomly selected for analysis. Of these 300 records, 294 met the inclusion criteria. Among the empirical publications, 5.6% contained a data availability statement (11/195, 95% CI: 3.0-8.3), 0.51% provided clearly documented raw data (1/195), 12.0% provided a materials availability statement (23/191, 8.4-15.7), none provided analysis scripts, 4.1% provided a preregistration statement (8/195, 1.9-6.3), 2.1% provided a protocol statement (4/195, 0.4-3.7), and 3.6% were preregistered (7/195, 1.5-5.7).ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that key indicators of reproducibility are missing in the field of radiology. Thus, the ability to reproduce radiological studies may be problematic and may have potential clinical implications.

scholarly journals O-195 The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on psychological distress due to the cancellation of ART. A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Donarelli ◽  
G Lo Coco ◽  
S Gullo ◽  
V Oieni ◽  
A Volpes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Infertile Patients

Abstract Study question Is there evidence that infertile patients have been more likely to experience distress during the COVID-19 outbreak with the consequent interruption of treatment plans? Summary answer High levels of psychological distress among infertile patients have been found during the COVID-19 pandemic, greater than that reported in the general population. What is known already Preliminary research on the negative consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak on mental health evidenced heightened levels of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress in some clinical populations as well as in community samples. However, little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on psychological distress of infertile patients who have been forced to suspend infertility treatment and postpone parenthood goals during the pandemic. The aim of this meta-analytic review is to summarize extant literature on the prevalence of psychological distress symptoms in infertile patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study design, size, duration A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines on PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MedRxiv from March 2020 to mid-December 2020. Study inclusion criteria were specified according to the PICOS guideline. All naturalistic or RCT studies published in 2020 that examined infertility as the primary diagnosis and had a quantitative measurement of distress, were eligible. The primary outcomes were symptoms of psychological distress and secondary outcomes were indicators of psychological health. Participants/materials, setting, methods The database search identified 144 papers. Two reviewers independently screened potential studies by title and abstracts based on the inclusion criteria. The full texts were then screened for eligibility. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to judge the methodological quality of the studies. In order to estimate the pooled prevalence of distress, Odds Ratios with 95% Confidence Interval were calculated as the effect size by using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was tested using I2 statistics. Main results and the role of chance Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were summarized for the systematic review (N = 6473). Only six studies did not include males although, in the surveys, females made up 92% of the total sample. Ten studies adopted a cross-sectional study design. 100% gathered data through an online survey. Nine studies showed a high risk of bias, and five had a moderate risk. Review results showed that 56,4% of patients wished to resume treatment; participants were mostly worried about the delay in treatment because of their age (&gt;35 years) or diminished ovarian reserve, or money constraints and low education level. Only five studies examined the role of protective factors such as social support, coping, optimism trait and intolerance of uncertainty. Nine studies were included for meta-analysis. The prevalence of psychological distress was 0.58 (95% CI 0.32÷0.84). The pooled point estimates of prevalence for anxiety (N = 6) were 0.56 (95% CI 0.24÷0.88), whereas the prevalence for depression (N = 5) was 0.46 (95% CI 0.15÷0.77). There was significant heterogeneity among studies to estimate the prevalence (I² ranging from 99% to 100%). Limitations, reasons for caution Results are preliminary, given the small number of studies and their cross-sectional data. The risk of bias was high or moderate across studies. Wider implications of the findings Infertile couples reported high levels of distress due to cancellation of their diagnostic procedures or treatment; they would benefit from information, appropriate support and advice from healthcare professionals, with an important role in maintaining the wishes of infertile couples to continue their parenthood goals. Trial registration number not applicable

scholarly journals Protocol: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of fetal and infantile environmental exposure in etiopathogenesis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247003
Author(s):  
Ozlem Boybeyi-Turer ◽  
Hasan Tolga Çelik ◽  
Umut Ece Arslan ◽  
Tutku Soyer ◽  
Feridun Cahit Tanyel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Turkish Language

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is one of the hallmark pediatric surgical diseases. However, its etiology remains incompletely understood. By systematically reviewing the literature, we aim to clarify the effect of the effect of occupational and environmental factors and role of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in the etiopathogenesis of IHPS. The systematic review is drafted with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement (PRISMA) and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE). Systematic literature search will be performed for the period 2000 (Jan) to 2020 (Dec) in the databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed. The systematic search will cover the literature in English and Turkish language and will be limited to studies on human subjects. Four investigators will independently search the databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed) according to the defined search strategy. The full-text of the selected articles will be screened independently by four reviewers, against the inclusion criteria. Descriptive data will be extracted from each study regarding: study details, methods, participants, outcomes and calculations of association for potential further statistical analysis. If meta-analysis could not be undertaken, systematic approach to analyzing the findings of included multiple studies will be described. Heterogeneity will be assessed by quantifying the inconsistency across studies using I2 statistic. Statistical analysis will be performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.0 software. The p values lower than 0.05 will be considered statistically significant for all analyses.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Critical Analysis of the Role of Graphene-Based Nanomaterialsin Cancer Theranostics

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Viseu ◽  
Carla M. Lopes ◽  
Eduarda Fernandes ◽  
Maria Elisabete C.D. Real Oliveira ◽  
Marlene Lúcio
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Cancer Theranostics ◽  
Potential Use

Many graphene-based materials (GBNs) applied to therapy and diagnostics (theranostics) in cancer have been developed. Most of them are hybrid combinations of graphene with other components (e.g, drugs or other bioactives, polymers, and nanoparticles) aiming toward a synergic theranostic effect. However, the role of graphene in each of these hybrids is sometimes not clear enough and the synergic graphene effect is not proven. The objective of this review is to elaborate on the role of GBNs in the studies evaluated and to compare the nanoformulations in terms of some of their characteristics, such as therapeutic outcomes and toxicity, which are essential features for their potential use as bionanosystems. A systematic review was carried out using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science (2013–2018). Additional studies were identified manually by consulting the references list of relevant reviews. Only English papers presenting at least one strategy for cancer therapy and one strategy for cancer diagnostics, and that clearly show the role of graphene in theranostics, were included. Data extraction and quality assessment was made by reviewer pairings. Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, but they were too heterogeneous to combine in statistical meta-analysis. Critical analysis and discussion of the selected papers are presented.

scholarly journals Hydroxicloroquine, What is the Role of the Drug in the Treatment of COVID-19? A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Eliza Miranda Ramos ◽  
Francisco José Mendes dos Reis ◽  
Gilberto Gonçalves Facco ◽  
Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo ◽  
Igor Domingos de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Emerging Virus ◽  
Severe Respiratory Infection ◽  
The Ideal

Introduction: Coronaviruses (COVID-19) is an emerging virus with severe respiratory infection. Despite several efforts, so far there is no medicine to fight it and use it as the ideal treatment. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to describe the role of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 and thus present its benefits in the respective doses. Methodology: The methodology used was the systematic review with meta-analysis. Results: From the reading of the 75 papers found, only three articles were excluded for not presenting a complete abstract, 65 were excluded for not presenting eligibility according to the inclusion criteria, 01 was excluded for reaching a methodological score below 20 points in Down and Black (1998) and ending the process of inclusion of the articles, only 06 articles were included and included 894 patients. Conclusion: Despite the small number of published articles, this meta-analysis found that the use of hydroxychloroquine as an adjunct therapy in the follow-up of COVID-19 in patients with mild to severe clinical signs brings benefits and avoids hospitalization in intensive care.

Chronic Pain: Fundamental Scientific Considerations, Specifically for Legal Claims

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Problematic Relationship

Abstract Scientific findings have indicated that psychological and social factors are the driving forces behind most chronic benign pain presentations, especially in a claim context, and are relevant to at least three of the AMA Guides publications: AMA Guides to Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, AMA Guides to Work Ability and Return to Work, and AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The author reviews and summarizes studies that have identified the dominant role of financial, psychological, and other non–general medicine factors in patients who report low back pain. For example, one meta-analysis found that compensation results in an increase in pain perception and a reduction in the ability to benefit from medical and psychological treatment. Other studies have found a correlation between the level of compensation and health outcomes (greater compensation is associated with worse outcomes), and legal systems that discourage compensation for pain produce better health outcomes. One study found that, among persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, claimants had worse outcomes than nonclaimants despite receiving more treatment; another examined the problematic relationship between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and compensation and found that cases of CRPS are dominated by legal claims, a disparity that highlights the dominant role of compensation. Workers’ compensation claimants are almost never evaluated for personality disorders or mental illness. The article concludes with recommendations that evaluators can consider in individual cases.

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