scholarly journals Science Applied for the Investigation of Imperial Gate from Eighteenth Century Wooden Church of Nicula Monastery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bratu ◽  
Monk Siluan ◽  
C. Măruţoiu ◽  
I. Kacso ◽  
S. Garabagiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Original Artwork ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Aliphatic Ester ◽  
Destructive Methods

Part of an indestructible component of any orthodox church, the Imperial Gates represent an important symbol in our cultural heritage. But in many cases the Imperial Gates from the wooden churches were damaged. In order to preserve and restore them, the scientific investigations of the Imperial Gate belonging to Nicula Monastery wooden church were performed by employing nondestructive and destructive methods. The wood essence was established, with its “health” status being investigated by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) thermal analysis. The painting materials employed by popular artists were determined by FTIR and XRF (X-ray fluorescence) spectroscopy as gypsum, calcite (rear background), lead white (Archangel Clothes), lead-minium (Archangel Clothes, leaf), iron oxide (Imperial Gate frame), malachite (green), Prussian blue (blue), orpiment (yellow), aliphatic, ester, and protein (probably egg yolk degradation products). Using similar colors as in the original artwork (resulting from the scientific investigation of the pigments) a 3D reconstruction has been performed. The restored Imperial Gates are placed in the old Nicula wooden church, being included into a tourist and religious circuit.

scholarly journals Scientific Investigations of a 16th Century Stall Belonging to the Evangelic Church in Bistriţa, Bistriţa-Năsăud County, Romania

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Marutoiu ◽  
S. P. Grapini ◽  
A. Baciu ◽  
M. Miclaus ◽  
V. C. Marutoiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Side ◽  
Front Side ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Dsc Analyses ◽  
The Church ◽  
Painting Layer

The Evangelic Church in Bistriţa city is one of the important gothic monuments in Romania. Inside the church there have been preserved a series of furniture pieces from different centuries, and the stall that has been analysed in this study is one of them. The study presents the investigations that were made on the occasion of restoring the stall. The nature and the status of the wooden supports and also the composition of the painting layer which covers the front side of the stall were investigated by several methods: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The back side of the stall was made of spruce fir wood and its status was also investigated. The nature of the component elements and the heritage value of the ensemble were also established.

Micro-analytical Evidence of Copper-Based Pigment and Fungal Contamination of Medieval Mural Paintings in Beram, Croatia

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1471-1481
Author(s):  
Tea Zubin Ferri ◽  
Emina Pustijanac ◽  
Ines Kovačić ◽  
Josipa Bilić
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Mural Paintings ◽  
The Church ◽  
Sem Analyses

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to map the painting materials, degradation processes, and biological features present on the mural painting in the church of St. Mary in Beram (Croatia) to study their possible interaction and produce information helping the preservation of this valuable painting. The research was conducted on micro samples of painting materials taken from different sites along the painting and the characterization of the present fungal species was carried out. The painting samples, together with observable patinas and degradation products, were studied by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. Fungal diversity was studied using cultivation methods followed by OM and SEM analyses in addition to molecular analysis. The results contribute to the characterization of the original painting materials, successively added materials and occurred interventions, to the understanding of degradation progressions and fungal biotransformation processes. A mineral, cumengite, a copper-based pigment extremely rarely used in art, was found. Its occurrence together with barium sulfate, gypsum, and calcium oxalate possibly produced by microbiological activity was studied and information was added regarding the composition of painting materials in St. Mary church mural cycle.

Spectroscopy Investigation of Triptych Icon from the Borsa Church, Maramures County

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Florena Nemes ◽  
Ioan Bratu ◽  
Constantin Marutoiu ◽  
Irina Kacso ◽  
Maria Miclaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
White Lead ◽  
Silver Foil ◽  
Animal Glue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Red Lead ◽  
Religious Objects

A triptych icon from the 18th century from Borsa Maramure�s County, Romania was investigated by physical-chemical destructive and nondestructive methods: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction and thermal analysis by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). There were identified: gypsum as ground, wooden stage (lime wood), egg yolk as binder, pigments from the painting layer (red lead, green malachite and white lead), silver foil, iron bolus and animal glue for ground. The scientific investigation of various religious objects in general, this wooden icon in the present case, is a mandatory step in the approach to conservation and restoration of cultural goods.

Electron microscopy of crystalline structure in thermotropic random copolymers

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 1054-1055
Author(s):  
Afzana Anwer ◽  
S. Eilidh Bedford ◽  
Richard J. Spontak ◽  
Alan H. Windle
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Identical Monomer ◽  
Periodic Layer

Random copolyesters composed of wholly aromatic monomers such as p-oxybenzoate (B) and 2,6-oxynaphthoate (N) are known to exhibit liquid crystalline characteristics at elevated temperatures and over a broad composition range. Previous studies employing techniques such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have conclusively proven that these thermotropic copolymers can possess a significant crystalline fraction, depending on molecular characteristics and processing history, despite the fact that the copolymer chains possess random intramolecular sequencing. Consequently, the nature of the crystalline structure that develops when these materials are processed in their mesophases and subsequently annealed has recently received considerable attention. A model that has been consistent with all experimental observations involves the Non-Periodic Layer (NPL) crystallite, which occurs when identical monomer sequences enter into register between adjacent chains. The objective of this work is to employ electron microscopy to identify and characterize these crystallites.

Studies on the Preparation, Characterization and Solubility of -Cyclodextrin-Roxythromycin Inclusion Complexes

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530
Author(s):  
D. Nagasamy Venkatesh ◽  
S. Karthick ◽  
M. Umesh ◽  
G. Vivek ◽  
R.M. Valliappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Phase Solubility ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Poorly Soluble Drug

Roxythromycin/ β-cyclodextrin (Roxy/ β-CD) dispersions were prepared with a view to study the influence of β-CD on the solubility and dissolution rate of this poorly soluble drug. Phase-solubility profile indicated that the solubility of roxythromycin was significantly increased in the presence of β-cyclodextrin and was classified as AL-type, indicating the 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complexes. Physical characterization of the prepared systems was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction studies (XRD) and IR studies. Solid state characterization of the drug β-CD binary system using XRD, FTIR and DSC revealed distinct loss of drug crystallinity in the formulation, ostensibly accounting for enhancement of dissolution rate.

Thermal Behaviour of Candesartan Active substance and in pharmaceutical compounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1895-1902
Author(s):  
Ioana Cristina Tita ◽  
Eleonora Marian ◽  
Bogdan Tita ◽  
Claudia Crina Toma ◽  
Laura Vicas
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Pure Substance ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

Thermal analysis is one of the most frequently used instrumental techniques in the pharmaceutical research, for the thermal characterization of different materials from solids to semi-solids, which are of pharmaceutical relevance. In this paper, simultaneous thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used for characterization of the thermal behaviour of candesartan cilexetil � active substance (C-AS) under dynamic nitrogen atmosphere and nonisothermal conditions, in comparison with pharmaceutical product containing the corresponding active substance. It was observed that the commercial samples showed a different thermal profile than the standard sample, caused by the presence of excipients in the pharmaceutical product and to possible interaction of these with the active substance. The Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) were used as complementary techniques adequately implement and assist in interpretation of the thermal results. The main conclusion of this comparative study was that the TG/DTG and DSC curves, together with the FT-IR spectra, respectively X-ray difractograms constitute believe data for the discrimination between the pure substance and pharmaceutical forms.

Multidisciplinary Investigations of a Double Sided Wooden Icon from Nicula Monastery, Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 2747-2752
Author(s):  
Constantin Marutoiu ◽  
Ioan Bratu ◽  
Mircea Gelu Buta ◽  
Olivia Florena Nemes ◽  
Sergiu Petru Timbus(Monk Siluan) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
The Status

A two-sided wooden icon from a monastery in Transylvania was submitted for multidisciplinary investigations involving X-Ray Fluorescence, Radiographic Photographyand Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The most important part of the icon is St. Nicholas wooden icon, painted over forty years ago. The spectroscopic methods used revealed the painting materials composition, the status of the wooden stage, and the presence of resins as varnish (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). On one side, the St Nicholasicon was painted over an old icon, St. Arch. Michael, which was evidenced by X-Ray Photography. The obtained data can serve for the preservation and the restoration of these wooden icons.

Crystal Transition and Drug-excipient Compatibility of Clarithromycin in Sustained Release Tablets

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 950-959
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Xiangwen Kong ◽  
Fan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sustained Release Tablets ◽  
Crystal Transition ◽  
Excipient Compatibility

Background: Clarithromycin is widely used for infections of helicobacter pylori. Clarithromycin belongs to polymorphic drug. Crystalline state changes of clarithromycin in sustained release tablets were found. Objective: The aim of this study was to find the influential factor of the crystal transition of clarithromycin in preparation process of sustained-release tablets and to investigate the possible interactions between the clarithromycin and pharmaceutical excipients. Methods and Results: The crystal transition of active pharmaceuticals ingredients from form II to form I in portion in clarithromycin sustained release tablets were confirmed by x-ray powder diffraction. The techniques including differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy, x-ray powder diffraction were used for assessing the compatibility between clarithromycin and several excipients as magnesium stearate, lactose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone K-30 and microcrystalline cellulose. All of these methods showed compatibilities between clarithromycin and the selected excipients. Alcohol prescription simulation was also done, which showed incompatibility between clarithromycin and concentration alcohol. Conclusion: It was confirmed that the reason for the incompatibility of clarithromycin with high concentration of alcohol was crystal transition.

scholarly journals Is Micro X-ray Computer Tomography a Suitable Non-Destructive Method for the Characterisation of Dental Materials?

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
Andreas Koenig ◽  
Leonie Schmohl ◽  
Johannes Scheffler ◽  
Florian Fuchs ◽  
Michaela Schulz-Siegmund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multiple Measurements ◽  
High Doses

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of X-rays used in micro X-ray computer tomography (µXCT) on the mechanical performance and microstructure of a variety of dental materials. Standardised bending beams (2 × 2 × 25 mm3) were forwarded to irradiation with an industrial tomograph. Using three-dimensional datasets, the porosity of the materials was quantified and flexural strength was investigated prior to and after irradiation. The thermal properties of irradiated and unirradiated materials were analysed and compared by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Single µXCT measurements led to a significant decrease in flexural strength of polycarbonate with acrylnitril-butadien-styrol (PC-ABS). No significant influence in flexural strength was identified for resin-based composites (RBCs), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and zinc phosphate cement (HAR) after a single irradiation by measurement. However, DSC results suggest that changes in the microstructure of PMMA are possible with increasing radiation doses (multiple measurements, longer measurements, higher output power from the X-ray tube). In summary, it must be assumed that X-ray radiation during µXCT measurement at high doses can lead to changes in the structure and properties of certain polymers.

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