scholarly journals Downscaling of Open Coarse Precipitation Data through Spatial and Statistical Analysis, Integrating NDVI, NDWI, Elevation, and Distance from Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hicham Ezzine ◽  
Ahmed Bouziane ◽  
Driss Ouazar ◽  
Moulay Driss Hasnaoui
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Best Approximations ◽  
Correlation Models ◽  
Variable Distance ◽  
Coarse Precipitation ◽  
Spatial Downscaling

This study aims to improve the statistical spatial downscaling of coarse precipitation (TRMM 3B43 product) and also to explore its limitations in the Mediterranean area. It was carried out in Morocco and was based on an open dataset including four predictors (NDVI, NDWI, DEM, and distance from sea) that explain TRMM 3B43 product. For this purpose, four groups of models were established based on different combinations of the four predictors, in order to compare from one side NDVI and NDWI based models and the other side stepwise with multiple regression. The models that have given rise to the best approximations and best fits were used to downscale TRMM 3B43 product. The resulting downscaled and calibrated precipitations were validated by independent RGS. Aside from that, the limitations of the proposed approach were assessed in five bioclimatic stages. Furthermore, the influence of the sea was analyzed in five classes of distance. The findings showed that the models built using NDVI and NDWI have a high correlation and therefore can be used to downscale precipitation. The integration of elevation and distance improved the correlation models. According to R2, RMSE, bias, and MAE, the study revealed that there is a great agreement between downscaled precipitations and RGS measurements. In addition, the analysis showed that the contribution of the variable (distance from sea) is evident around the coastal area and decreases progressively. Likewise, the study demonstrated that the approach performs well in humid and arid bioclimatic stages compared to others.

scholarly journals Proposal of an Adaptive Neurofuzzy System to Control Flow Power in Distributed Generation Systems

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helbert Eduardo Espitia ◽  
Iván Machón-González ◽  
Hilario López-García ◽  
Guzmán Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Voltage Control ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Charge Variation ◽  
Flow Power ◽  
Dynamics Identification ◽  
Neurofuzzy Systems

Systems of distributed generation have shown to be a remarkable alternative to a rational use of energy. Nevertheless, the proper functioning of them still manifests a range of challenges, including both the adequate energy dispatch depending on the variability of consumption and the interaction between generators. This paper describes the implementation of an adaptive neurofuzzy system for voltage control, regarding the changes observed in the consumption within the distribution system. The proposed design employs two neurofuzzy systems, one for the plant dynamics identification and the other for control purposes. This focus optimizes the controller using the model achieved through the identification of the plant, whose changes are produced by charge variation; consequently, this process is adaptively performed. The results show the performance of the adaptive neurofuzzy system via statistical analysis.

Was This in Your Statistics Textbook? IV. Frequency Data

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
D. J. Finney
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Contingency Tables ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Significance Tests ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Jumping To Conclusions ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Measure Of Association

SUMMARYObservations that are frequencies rather than measurements often call for special types of statistical analysis. This paper comments on circumstances in which methods for one type of data can sensibly be used for the other. A section on two-way contingency tables emphasizes the proper role of χ2 a test statistic but not a measure of association; it mentions the distinction between one-tail and two-tail significance tests and reminds the reader of dangers. Multiway tables bring new complications, and the problems of interactions when additional classificatory factors are explicit or hidden are discussed at some length. A brief outline attempts to show how probit, logit, and similar techniques are related to the analysis of contingency tables. Finally, three unusual examples are described as illustrations of the care that is needed to avoid jumping to conclusions on how frequency data should be analysed.

Changes in Nutrient Levels of Lake Water Stored at 4 °C

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. El-Shaarawi ◽  
M. A. Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Glass Bottles ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

Water samples were collected on Lake Ontario during April and November, filtered (0.45 μm), and immediately analyzed onboard ship for the nutrients soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate-plus-nitrite, and ammonia. Replicates were stored in glass bottles at 4 °C and reanalyzed within 8 d. Statistical analysis showed that soluble reactive phosphorus decreased by 11 and 13% and nitrate-plus-nitrite by 7 and 6%, whereas ammonia increased by 75% on one cruise and decreased by 37% on the other.

GAMBUS PASER PERFORMANCE AS A CULTURAL LITERACY ENHANCEMENT OF PASER CULTURE FOR INDONESICAN CAPITAL RELOCATION TO EAST BORNEO

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
Asril Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Literacy ◽  
Music Literacy ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Performing Art

Gambus Paser music is one among traditional perfoming arts belongs to Paser tribe. Contextually, gambus Paser performing art cannot be detacted from its socio-culural since it geographically affects the characteristic of that cultural music. Generally, the culture of Gambus Paser music has its various values according to its various geographical dispositions. Geographically varied characteristic of Gambus Paser music is reflected on the interpretation of the music especially on the style of pentengan (picking technique) and the lyric of Gambus song. Gambus Paser music is also characteristically identified by the use of that pentengan style. On the other hand, coastal area also affects Gambus Paser characateristic which tends to be expressive and dynamic. Conceptually speaking, this research is qualitative research with descriptive analytical method. This research focuses on Gambus Paser performing art as the cultural (music) literacy enhancement. The purpose is to analyze the form of Gambus Paser performance as Paser cultural literacy. The result shows that literature related to Paser art is still hardly found, while on the other hand, we have also found how potential this performance as sustainable literacy and identity enhancement for Paser community to welcome the Indonesian capital relocation to East Borneo. A concrete step which is taken is to documenting and disseminating the Gambus Paser performance to create a cultural literacy and a sustainable traditional art.

scholarly journals Hypermobility and sports injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Alexander Nathan ◽  
Kevin Davies ◽  
Ian Swaine
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Joint Dislocation ◽  
Ligament Sprain

ObjectiveTo determine whether there is an association between hypermobility and sports injury.MethodsA quantitative observational approach using a cross-sectional survey was adopted. Individuals were identified as hypermobile or not. All participants were asked to complete two questionnaires: one asking demographic information and the other injury-specific. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis.Results114 individuals participated in the study, 62 women and 52 men. 26% of the participants were hypermobile. There was no significant association between hypermobility and sports injury (p=0.66). There was a significant increase in joint and ligament sprain among the non-hypermobile (NH) group covering all sports (p=0.03). Joint dislocation was found exclusively among hypermobile individuals. The duration of injury in hypermobile individuals was higher than NH. The use of oral painkillers or anti-inflammatories in the semiprofessional group was greater than the general population.ConclusionHypermobility is relatively common among individuals, and there is a lot of anecdotal evidence associating it with increased rates of injuries. This project finds that NH individuals are more likely to sustain a ligament or joint sprain in sports. This is due to increased joint laxity and flexibility preventing injury. There were important limitations to this study which will be addressed in further work. These include assessing for pauciarticular hypermobility and focusing on one sport to investigate its association with sports injury in those who are hypermobile or not. It would also be important to focus on one specific joint, assessing its flexibility and association with injury.

scholarly journals The Influence of Design Parameters on Straight Bevel Gear Dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Chiu-Fan Hsieh ◽  
You-Qing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Bevel Gears ◽  
Straight Bevel Gear ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Stress Fluctuation ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
Statistical Results ◽  
Component Force

<p class="1Body">This study analyzes the influence of design parameters on the dynamics of straight bevel gears by constructing a model that allows variation in the shaft angle, pressure angle, and backlash. According to the statistical analysis, the order of influence of these parameters on weight is shaft angle &gt; pressure angle &gt; backlash. When the shaft angle is 90°, the statistical results show the drive is stable and the stress fluctuation level is low. The pressure angle, on the other hand, can affect the gear’s dynamic property by influencing the driving component force on the gear and the component force on the shaft. The results for the shaft and pressure angles are used to determine the appropriate backlash. Overall, the analysis not only provides designers with an important reference but explains the dominance in the market of gear designs with a 90° shaft angle and a 20° pressure angle.</p>

Statistics and Economic History

1941 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Kuznets
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Inquiry ◽  
Analytical Tools

This paper deals with the relation between statistical analysis as applied in economic inquiry and history as written or interpreted by economic historians. Although both these branches of economic study derive from the same body of raw materials of inquiry—the recordable past and present of economic society—each has developed in comparative isolation from the other. Statistical economists have failed to utilize adequately the contributions that economic historians have made to our knowledge of the past; and historians have rarely employed either the analytical tools or the basic theoretical hypotheses of statistical research. It is the thesis of this essay that such failure to effect a close interrelation between historical approach and statistical analysis needs to be corrected in the light of the final goal of economic study.

scholarly journals Aferição do pH de diferentes agentes clareadores indicados para o clareamento intracoronário

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Felipe Besegato ◽  
Gabriela Dos Santos Ribeiro Rocha ◽  
Marlene De Sousa Amorim ◽  
Fabio Martins Salomão ◽  
Daniel Poletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Evaluation Time

Objective: to measure pH values of bleaching agents that are indicated to intracoronal bleaching technique in different time intervals. Methods: Each group (G) received five samples (n=5): G1 – distilled water (AD); G2 – hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 30%; G3 – sodium perborate (PbS) + AD; G4 – PbS + H2O2 30%; G5 – sodium percarbonate (PcS) + AD; and G6 – PcS + H2O2 30%. pH values were stated using a digital pHmeter, in different time intervals: immediately after handling (T0), 24 hours (T1) and 168 hours after handling (T2). The results were submitted to statistical analysis through Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests, in this order, allowing multiple comparisons among the groups. To verify the effect of time in each group, Friedman test was applied. Results: In the evaluation of the effect of time in each group, it was observed that G2 presented acid behavior, while the other groups exhibited values close to neutrality or alkaline. Conclusions: H2O2 30% was the only agent that showed acidic behavior in every evaluation time. Meanwhile, PcS + H2O had the highest pH values.

scholarly journals Plaque removal by manual and electric toothbrushing among children

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Covolo da COSTA ◽  
Luiz Cesar da COSTA FILHO ◽  
Marina Lara SÓRIA ◽  
Ana Paula Rorato MAINARDI
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Plaque Removal ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Electric Toothbrush ◽  
Plaque Control ◽  
First Session

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of plaque control performed with electric and manual toothbrushes. Fifteen children with primary dentition and 14 children with mixed dentition were divided in two groups and randomly assigned to utilize a manual or an electric toothbrush. In the first session, professional plaque removal was performed, and the children spent 24 hours without brushing their teeth. In the second session, plaque was disclosed and assessed on all facial and lingual surfaces. After that, all children brushed their teeth with the predetermined toothbrush. The next procedure was the disclosure and measurement of residual plaque. After a period of 7 days, the children switched the kind of toothbrush, and the same procedures were repeated. According to the statistical analysis of the results, there were no significant differences concerning plaque removal when the toothbrushes were utilized by children with mixed dentition. On the other hand, the electric toothbrush promoted significantly greater plaque removal on the lingual surfaces of teeth from children with primary dentition.

scholarly journals Study on Temperament of Scholastically Backward Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Jitendra Mugali ◽  
Dr. Nitin Pattanashetty ◽  
Dr. S S Chate ◽  
Dr. N M Patil ◽  
Dr. Sandeep Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
School Refusal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scholastic Performance ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Drop Outs ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Objectives: 1.To studies the categorical prevalence of temperament of scholastically backward children. 2. To study the associated Psychiatric problems with type of temperament in scholastically backward children. Material and Methods: Total of 1480 children studying in 3 CBSE schools, aged between 6 and 12 years were screened. 312 children were found to scholastically backward. After simple randomization and further screening procedure 115 children were included in the study. Each child was assessed by interviewing with MINI-KID Questionnaire, temperament assessment scale, I Q assessment by using Reven’s coloured progressive matrices, CBCL and final diagnosis done by ICD DCR criteria.  Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info 7 software. Results: The prevalence of scholastically backwardness was found to be 21.08%. The distribution of scholastically backward children belongs to falling types of temperament found to be easy temperament-41.74 %, difficult temperament 13.91 % and slow to warm temperament 44.35% respectively. Majority of scholastically backward children belongs to slow to warm type of temperament. All the difficult temperament children were associated with one or the other psychiatric problems. 18.75% of children with easy temperament and 74.51% of children with slow to warm are associated with psychiatric problems. Conclusion: Temperament of a child is one of the major factors for scholastic performance. Some children do poor performance in academics, school refusal and school drop outs. Prevalence of difficult temperament in children had associated with 100% psychiatric disorder. Difficult temperament children handling in home and in school is very difficult, so early detection of associated psychiatric problems and early intervention will surely help to handle the further consequences.

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