scholarly journals Using Odd-Alkanes as a Carbon Source to Increase the Content of Nutritionally Important Fatty Acids inCandida krusei, Trichosporon cutaneum,andYarrowia lipolytica

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Matatkova ◽  
Lucia Gharwalova ◽  
Michal Zimola ◽  
Tomas Rezanka ◽  
Jan Masak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Trichosporon Cutaneum ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
High Biomass Yield ◽  
Lipids Accumulation

We investigated the possibility of utilizing unusual carbon sources by three yeast strains:Candida kruseiDBM 2136,Trichosporon cutaneumCCY 30-5-10, andYarrowia lipolyticaCCY 30-26-36. These strains are characterized by high biomass yield, ability to accumulate high amounts of lipids, and their potential as producers of dietetically important fatty acids. The aim of this work was the production of nutritionally important fatty acids by utilization of n-alkanes with an odd number of carbon atoms, alone and in combination with glucose and subsequent analysis of microbial lipids accumulation and fatty acid profile. All three yeast strains were able to grow and produce high amounts of the fatty acids of interest.Yarrowia lipolyticawas found as the most suitable strain for the growth on n-alkanes (n-pentadecane and n-heptadecane) as the only source of carbon. The addition of biosurfactants rhamnolipids into the cultivation increased the ratio of heptadecenoic acid (up to 17.9% of total FAs inY. lipolytica CCY 30-26-36, 14.9% inT. cutaneum CCY 30-5-10,and 17.5% inC. krusei DBM 2136) and the total biomass yield. The results show that, by manipulation of the initial cultivation conditions, the ratio of important fatty acids may be increased.

scholarly journals Valorisation of agroindustrial residues acid hydrolyzates as carbon sources for ethanol production by native yeast strains with different fermentative capabilities//Valorización de hidrolizados ácidos de residuos agroindustriales como fuente de carbono para la producción de etanol por levaduras nativas con capacidades fermentativas diferentes

Biotecnia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Laura Ivonne Beltrán-Arredondo ◽  
Sandy Rocío Hernández-Leyva ◽  
Ignacio Eduardo Maldonado-Mendoza ◽  
Cuauhtémoc Reyes-Moreno ◽  
Ignacio Contreras-Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Maximum Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Hemicellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Agroindustrial Residues ◽  
Attractive Candidate

A profitable, second-generation (2G) bioethanol production process requires the use of the maximum amountof sugars present in the lignocellulosic biomass; among them are those obtained from hemicellulose hydrolysis. An alternative is the search and kinetic characterization of yeasts capable of fermenting xylose to ethanol. In this study, 161 yeasts were isolated from agroindustrial residues, and selected according to best growth in glucose and xylose. Five strains belonging to the genera Candida (C. intermedia and C. parapsilosis), and Wickerhamomyces (W. anomalus) were molecularly identified. The kinetic parameters indicate that C. intermedia CBE002 had the best biomass yield in glucose and xylose (0.21 and 0.35 g/g of substrate), maximum specific growth rate (0.15 and 0.12 h-1) and metabolized both sugars simultaneously, desirable characteristics and rarely found together in other yeasts. Bioethanol production was made possible by C. intermedia (CBE002) from acid hydrolysates of corn stover and mango residues, with yields of 0.31 and 0.26 g/g of substrate, respectively. From the results obtained, this yeast is an attractive candidate to be used in bioethanol 2G production, and to take advantage of the large amount of agroindustrial residues available.RESUMENUn proceso de producción de bioetanol de segunda generación (2G) rentable, requiere el uso del máximo número de azúcares presentes en la biomasa lignocelulósica, como son los obtenidos por hidrólisis de hemicelulosa; para obtenerlo, una alternativa es encontrar levaduras capaces de fermentar eficientemente xilosa a etanol. En el presente trabajo se realizó el aislamiento de 161 levaduras a partir de residuos agroindustriales, se evaluó su capacidad de crecimiento en glucosa y xilosa. Se seleccionaron e identificaron molecularmente cinco de estas cepas pertenecientes a los géneros Candida (C. intermedia, C. parapsilosis) y Wickerhamomyces (W. anomalus). Los parámetros cinéticos demostraron que C. intermedia CBE002 obtuvo el mejor rendimiento de biomasa en glucosa y xilosa (0.21 y 0.35 g/g), la máxima velocidad específica de crecimiento (0.15 y 0.12 h-1) y fue capaz de metabolizar ambos azúcares simultáneamente, característica deseable y poco encontrada en otras levaduras. Fue posible la producción de bioetanol por C. intermedia CBE002 a partir de hidrolizados ácidos de rastrojo de maíz y residuos de mango, con rendimientos de 0.31 y 0.26 g/g de sustrato, respectivamente. Por lo anterior, esta levadura es atractiva para ser empleada en la producción de bioetanol 2G y aprovechar la gran cantidad de residuos agroindustriales disponibles.

scholarly journals Lab-Scale Optimization of Aurantiochytrium sp. Culture Medium for Improved Growth and DHA Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2500
Author(s):  
Mafalda Trovão ◽  
Hugo Pereira ◽  
Margarida Costa ◽  
Adriana Machado ◽  
Ana Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Scale Optimization

Thraustochytrids have gained increasing relevance over the last decades, due to their fast growth and outstanding capacity to accumulate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this context, the present work aimed to optimize the growth performance and DHA yields by improving the culture medium of Aurantiochytrium sp. AF0043. Accordingly, two distinct culture media were optimized: (i) an inorganic optimized medium (IOM), containing only monosodium glutamate and glucose as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively; and (ii) an organic and sustainable waste-based optimized medium (WOM), containing corn steep powder and glycerol, added in fed-batch mode, as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. Overall, the lab-scale optimization allowed to increase the biomass yield 1.5-fold and enhance DHA content 1.7-fold using IOM. Moreover, WOM enabled a 2-fold increase in biomass yield and a significant improvement in lipid contents, from 22.78% to 31.14%. However, DHA content was enhanced almost 3-fold, from an initial content of 10.12% to 29.66% of total fatty acids contained in the biomass. Therefore, these results strongly suggest, not only that the production pipeline was significantly improved but also confirmed the potential use of Aurantiochytrium sp. AF0043 as a source of DHA.

scholarly journals Optimization of Diverse Carbon Sources and Cultivation Conditions for Enhanced Growth and Lipid and Medium-Chain Fatty Acid (MCFA) Production by Mucor circinelloides

Fermentation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain ◽  
Nazir ◽  
Hameed ◽  
Yang ◽  
Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Lipids ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Culture Optimization

Keywords: Mucor circinelloides; microbial lipids; medium-chain fatty acids; culture optimization

scholarly journals Anti-Platelet Properties of Apple Must/Skin Yeasts and of Their Fermented Apple Cider Products

Beverages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Donal Moran ◽  
Mary Fleming ◽  
Eimear Daly ◽  
Natasha Gaughan ◽  
Ioannis Zabetakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Human Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Alcoholic beverages like apple cider are considered functional beverages with several health benefits, when consumed in moderation, which are mainly attributed to their microbiota and the plethora of their bioactive compounds. Among them, bio-functional polar lipids (PL) have recently been found in apple cider, which despite low quantities, have exhibited strong anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties, while fermentation seems to affect the functionality of apple cider’s PL bioactives. The aim of the present study was to elaborate yeast strains isolated from the complex mixtures of apple surface and must yeasts for evaluating their effects on the anti-platelet functional properties of PL bioactives from their final fermented apple cider products. First, bio-functional PL were extracted and separated from the biomass of the different isolated apple surface/must yeast strains, and were further assessed for their anti-platelet potency against human platelet aggregation induced by the potent inflammatory and thrombotic mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF), or by a classic platelet agonist like adenosine diphopshate (ADP). Novel functional apple ciders were then produced from the fermentation of apple juice by elaborating the most bioactive and resilient yeast strains isolated from the apple must with optimum fermentation properties. PL bioactives extracted from these novel apple cider products were also further assessed for their anti-platelet properties against both the PAF and ADP pathways of human platelet aggregation. These novel cider products were found to contain PL bioactives with lower IC50 values (~40 μg) and thus increased anti-platelet potency against platelet aggregation induced by PAF and ADP. GC-MS analysis of the PL bioactives extracted from these novel apple ciders showed that apple cider PL bioactives are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as the omega-6 linoleic acid (LA) and the omega-3 alpha linolenic acid (ALA), with favorably lower levels for their omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio, which further support the observed strong anti-platelet properties putative anti-inflammatory potency for the apple cider PL bioactives. However, further studies are needed in order to elucidate and fully characterize the apple yeast strains that can be utilized for increasing the anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet and cardioprotective functional properties of their fermented apple cider products.

scholarly journals Optimization of cultivation conditions for Microcystis aeruginosa for biodiesel production using response surface methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar A. El-Mekkawi ◽  
N. N. El-Ibiari ◽  
Ola A. El-Ardy ◽  
Nabil M. Abdelmonem ◽  
Ahmed H. Elahwany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Oil Concentration

Abstract Background Biodiesel is expected to play a key role in the development of a sustainable, economical, and environmentally safe source of energy. The third generation of biodiesel is derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria that have sufficient amount of oil. The optimization of biomass and oil content in biodiesel production based on algal cultivation relies upon several factors. The present experimental work aims at optimizing some of the cultivation conditions to obtain maximum oil and biomass yield and create a prediction model that describe the effect of the initial inoculum concentration, and irradiance on the biomass yield and oil concentration were designed using Design Expert 6.0.8. Results The results revealed that the optimum surface-to-volume ratio for the airlift bubble column photobioreactor was 0.9, and the most applicable model for describing Microcystis aeruginosa growth was the hyperbolic tangent model with a model constant value of 1.294 mg·L− 1·d− 1/μmol·m− 2·s− 1. The optimum cultivation conditions were 81 μmol·m− 2·s− 1 irradiance and 67 mg·L− 1 initial inoculum concentration, and these conditions achieved a biomass yield of 163 mg·L− 1·d− 1 and an oil concentration of 143 mg·L− 1. Conclusions This work focused on the cultivation of microalgae in closed systems. Cyanobacteria as M. aeruginosa has high lipid content, and high lipid productivity makes it suitable as a lipid feed stock for biodiesel production. The response surface method was the most suitable route to study the simultaneous influence of irradiance and initial inoculum concentration through statistical methods as well as to establish a model for predicting the biomass yield and oil concentration of M. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Synthesis of fatty acids in the perfused mouse liver

1974 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michael W. Salmon ◽  
Neil L. Bowen ◽  
Douglas A. Hems
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Glucose Carbon

1. Fatty acid synthesis de novo was measured in the perfused liver of fed mice. 2. The total rate, measured by the incorporation into fatty acid of3H from3H2O (1–7μmol of fatty acid/h per g of fresh liver), resembled the rate found in the liver of intact mice. 3. Perfusions with l-[U-14C]lactic acid and [U-14C]glucose showed that circulating glucose at concentrations less than about 17mm was not a major carbon source for newly synthesized fatty acid, whereas lactate (10mm) markedly stimulated fatty acid synthesis, and contributed extensive carbon to lipogenesis. 4. The identification of 50% of the carbon converted into newly synthesized fatty acid lends further credibility to the use of3H2O to measure hepatic fatty acid synthesis. 5. The total rate of fatty acid synthesis, and the contribution of glucose carbon to lipogenesis, were directly proportional to the initial hepatic glycogen concentration. 6. The proportion of total newly synthesized lipid that was released into the perfusion medium was 12–16%. 7. The major products of lipogenesis were saturated fatty acids in triglyceride and phospholipid. 8. The rate of cholesterol synthesis, also measured with3H2O, expressed as acetyl residues consumed, was about one-fourth of the basal rate of fatty acid synthesis. 9. These results are discussed in terms of the carbon sources of hepatic newly synthesized fatty acids, and the effect of glucose, glycogen and lactate in stimulating lipogenesis, independently of their role as precursors.

Characterization of major protein phosphatases from selected species of Kluyveromyces. Comparison with protein phosphatases from Yarrowia lipolytica

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 861-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Jolivet ◽  
Edith Bergeron ◽  
Haguith Benyair ◽  
Jean-Claude Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Protein Phosphatases ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Ethanol Treatment ◽  
Early Stationary Phase ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Deficient Medium

Casein phosphatase activities have been identified in five yeast strains grown on Pi-deficient medium. Maximal endocellular activities appeared in the exponential phase. Exocellular phosphatases were significantly produced from Yarrowia lipolytica W-29 and Kluyveromyces marxianus, in the early stationary phase. Major phosphatases from K. marxianus were one heavy acid phosphatase composed of 64–67 kDa subunits, which could be secreted in the medium, and one type 2A protein phosphatase with an apparent molecular mass of 147 kDa and a 52 kDa catalytic subunit dissociated by 80% ethanol treatment. The characteristics of phosphatases purified from K. marxianus were compared with those previously purified from Y. lipolytica.Key words: yeast, type 2A protein phosphatase, acid phosphatase, [32P]casein, Pi deficiency.

Cloning of the Nocardia corallina polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene and production of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and poly-(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate)

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 687-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Hall ◽  
Jennifer Baldwin ◽  
Ho Gun Rhie ◽  
Douglas Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ralstonia Eutropha ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Pha Synthase ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Nocardia Corallina ◽  
Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene (phaCNc) from Nocardia corallina was identified in a lambda library on a 6-kb BamHI fragment. A 2.8-kb XhoII subfragment was found to contain the ntact PHA synthase. This 2.8-kb fragment was subjected to DNA sequencing and was found to contain the coding region for the PHA synthase and a small downstream open reading frame of unknown function. On the basis of DNA sequence, phaCNc is closest in homology to the PHA synthases (phaCPaI and phaCPaII) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (approximately 41% identity and 55% similarity). The 2.8-kb XhoII fragment containing phaCNc was subcloned into broad host range mobilizable plasmids and transferred into Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes (both containing a plasmid bearing phaA and phaB from Ralstonia eutropha), and PHA-negative strains of R. eutropha and Pseudomonas putida. The recombinant strains were grown on various carbon sources and the resulting polymers were analyzed. In these strains, the PHA synthase from N. corallina was able to mediate the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-hexanoate) containing high levels of 3-hydroxyhexanoate when grown on hexanoate and larger even-chain fatty acids and poly(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate) containing high levels of 3-hydroxyheptanoate when grown on heptanoate or larger odd-chain fatty acids. Key words: polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), Nocardia corallina, biodegradable, polyester.

scholarly journals Paucibacter toxinivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium that degrades cyclic cyanobacterial hepatotoxins microcystins and nodularin

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarkko Rapala ◽  
Katri A. Berg ◽  
Christina Lyra ◽  
R. Maarit Niemi ◽  
Werner Manz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence

Thirteen bacterial isolates from lake sediment, capable of degrading cyanobacterial hepatotoxins microcystins and nodularin, were characterized by phenotypic, genetic and genomic approaches. Cells of these isolates were Gram-negative, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, oxidase-positive, weakly catalase-positive and rod-shaped. According to phenotypic characteristics (carbon utilization, fatty acid and enzyme activity profiles), the G+C content of the genomic DNA (66·1–68·0 mol%) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (98·9–100 % similarity) the strains formed a single microdiverse genospecies that was most closely related to Roseateles depolymerans (95·7–96·3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The isolates assimilated only a few carbon sources. Of the 96 carbon sources tested, Tween 40 was the only one used by all strains. The strains were able to mineralize phosphorus from organic compounds, and they had strong leucine arylamidase and chymotrypsin activities. The cellular fatty acids identified from all strains were C16 : 0 (9·8–19 %) and C17 : 1 ω7c (<1–5·8 %). The other predominant fatty acids comprised three groups: summed feature 3 (<1–2·2 %), which included C14 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1 iso I, summed feature 4 (54–62 %), which included C16 : 1 ω7c and C15 : 0 iso OH, and summed feature 7 (8·5–28 %), which included ω7c, ω9c and ω12t forms of C18 : 1. A more detailed analysis of two strains indicated that C16 : 1 ω7c was the main fatty acid. The phylogenetic and phenotypic features separating our strains from recognized bacteria support the creation of a novel genus and species, for which the name Paucibacter toxinivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2C20T (=DSM 16998T=HAMBI 2767T=VYH 193597T).

scholarly journals Performance of Ornamental Plants in Alternative Organic Growing Media Amended with Increasing Rates of Expanded Shale

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Sloan ◽  
Raul I. Cabrera ◽  
Peter A.Y. Ampim ◽  
Steve A. George ◽  
Wayne A. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake ◽  
Expanded Shale

Organic and inorganic amendments are often used to improve chemical and physical properties of soils. The objective of this study was to determine how the inclusion of light-weight expanded shale in various organic matter blends would affect plant performance. Four basic blends of organic growing media were prepared using traditional or alternative organic materials: 1) 75% pine bark (PB) + 25% sphagnum peatmoss (PM), 2) 50% PB + 50% wastewater biosolids (BS), 3) 100% municipal yard waste compost (compost), and 4) 65% PB + 35% cottonseed hulls (CH). Light-weight expanded shale was then blended with each of these mixtures at rates of 0%, 15%, 30%, and 60% (v/v). Vinca (Catharanthus roseus), verbena (Verbena hybrida), and shantung maple (Acer truncatum) were planted into the growing media after they were transferred into greenhouse pots. Vinca growth was monitored for 3 months before harvesting aboveground plant tissue to determine total biomass yield and elemental composition. Verbena growth was monitored for 6 months, during which time aboveground plant tissue was harvested twice to determine total biomass yield. Additionally, aboveground vinca plant tissue was analyzed for nutrients and heavy metal concentrations. In the absence of expanded shale, verbena and shantung maple trees produced more aboveground biomass in the 50-PB/50-BS blends, whereas vinca grew more biomass in the pure compost blends. Inclusion of expanded shale in the various organic matter blends generally had a negative effect on plant growth, with the exception of shantung maple growth in the 65-PB/35-CH blend. Reduced plant growth was probably due to a lower concentration of nutrients in the growing media. Macro- and micronutrient uptake was generally reduced by addition of expanded shale to the organic growing media. Results suggest that organic materials that have been stabilized through prior decomposition, such as compost or PM, are safe and reliable growing media, but expanded shale offers few benefits to a container growing medium except in cases where additional porosity is needed.

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