scholarly journals Risperidone-Induced Renal Damage and Metabolic Side Effects: The Protective Effect of Resveratrol

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Bilgiç ◽  
Deniz Taştemir Korkmaz ◽  
Sebile Azirak ◽  
Ayşe Nilay Güvenç ◽  
Nevin Kocaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible protective qualities of resveratrol (RSV) against the side effects of risperidone (RIS) in an experimental model in rat kidneys with histologic and biochemical assessments. Materials and Methods. Experimental procedures were performed on 35 female Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, untreated rats (n=7) were in group 1; group 2 was given 2 mg/kg/day RIS (n=7); group 3 was treated with 2 mg/kg/day RIS and 20 mg/kg/day RSV (n=7); group 4 was treated with 2 mg/kg/day RIS and 40 mg/kg/day RSV (n=7); and group 5 was treated with 2 mg/kg/day RIS and 80 mg/kg/day RSV (n=7). All treatments were administered for two weeks by gavage. On treatment day 15, kidney tissues were removed for analysis. Results. The results showed that RSV treatment reduced weight gain induced by RIS. In addition, RSV increased the total antioxidant status (TAS) and decreased serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), oxidative stress index (OSI), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion. This study revealed that treatment with RSV might protect kidney tissues against the side effects of RIS. RSV could be an effective course of therapy to enhance therapeutic efficacy.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nanosilver Hemocompatibility in Prehypertensive Salt-Induced Animal Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 567-573
Author(s):  
Ogechukwu K Uche ◽  
Esiri F Ohiambe ◽  
Fabian C Amechina
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

Aim: There are Conflicting reports on safety profile of nanoparticles on biological cells. This study evaluated the impact of nanosilver on hemocompatibility on salt-loaded rats. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats [(inbred) (120-140 g)] randomly divided into of 4 groups, (n = 6) were studied. Group 1(control) received normal rat chow and tap water, Group 2 received rat chow containing 8% NaCl [(salt-loaded rats (SLRs)]. Group 3 received rat chow + Nanosilver Solution (NS) 0.18 mL 10 ppm/kg/day. Group 4 comprised SLRs + NS. After 6 weeks oral gavage treatments, measurements of Blood pressure (Bp) and Heart Rate (HR) were by pressure transducer via cannulation of left common carotid artery following anaesthesia with urethane. HR was computed by the number of arterial pulse per 60 seconds. 5 ml of blood for WBC, PLATELETS, RBC, PCV, HB, MCH, MCHC and MCV analyses using automated haematology analyser and Osmotic fragility reactivity with standard spectrophotometer at 540 nm wavelength. Results: Exposure of nanosilver to normotensive rats resulted in significantly lower RBC level compared with control, whereas RBC level in Salt-Loaded Co-Treated Nanosilver (SCNS) was comparable with the SLRs. The tenet was the same for HB, PCV, MCH and MCHC. Nanosilver induced leukopenia in normotensive compared with control and prevented WBC elevation in SCNS. Platelets significantly increased in Nanosilver-Treated Normotensive Rats (NTNRs) compared with control and decreased in SCNS. Osmotic burst resistance increased in NTNRs and decreased in cells from treated groups. Conclusion: Chronic exposure of nanosilver to salt loaded rats alters haematological parameters which may worsen circulatory function and activate risk factors of cardiovascular disorders.

scholarly journals Resveratrol chemoprotective effect and COX 2 down regulation in tumor suppression in DMBA induced breast cancer in female Sprague Dawley rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1517
Author(s):  
Aneena Suresh ◽  
Rajat Rana ◽  
Keerthana C.
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Tumor Multiplicity ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Group 2

Background: Aim of the study was to assess the Chemo protective role of Resveratrol in 7,12‑Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) induced breast cancer in Female Sprague Dawley rats and its possible role in down regulation of COX 2, an enzyme known to be expressed in breast cancer tissues.Methods: A total of 40 female Sprague dawley rats (total 4 groups, n = 10 per group) 6 weeks old, group 1 on pulverized rodent diet, group 2 DMBA with diet, group 3 DMBA and diet with Resveratrol 100mcg, group 4 DMBA and diet with Resveratrol 200mcg. After 120 days experiment was terminated and tumors were analyzed for multiplicity, incidence and histology. Cox 2 expression was analyzed by Western blot analysis. Values were statistically tested using one way variance and Tukey’s comparison test.Results: Body weight and tumor volume was similar, there was remarkable high latency period for tumor onset and reduction in tumor multiplicity andincidence in resveratrol treated groups. Tumor incidence was 42.27±10.17 for Group 2, 21.91±5.87 for Group 3, 13.73±3.98 for group 4. Tumor multiplicity was reported as 0.8909±0.30 for group 2, 0.1036±0.04 for group 3, 0.04545±0.02 for group 4. Histopathological analysis revealed ductal carcinoma in group 2, minor tissue necrosis in group 3 and fibroadenoma in group 4.Conclusions: Resveratrol has chemoprevention action against DMBA induced breast cancer and suppresses COX 2 expression in breast carcinoma.

scholarly journals Preventive and therapeutic effects of relaxin on bisphosphonaterelated osteonecrosis of the jaw: an experimental study in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuba Develi ◽  
Sina Uckan ◽  
Burak Bayram ◽  
Kagan Deniz ◽  
Remzi Saban Erdem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Differentiation Process ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a challenging complication of chronic bisphosphonate (BP) use. The hormone relaxin is able to induce the multistep differentiation process of human osteoclastogenesis, exhibits anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory actions, and promotes vasodilatation, wound healing, and angiogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of relaxin in the prevention and management of BRONJ. Material and Methods: Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Rats in group 1 (n = 10) received relaxin and BP simultaneously for 12 weeks. Rats in group 2 (n = 10) received injections of BP for 12 weeks, followed by relaxin for another 12 weeks. Rats in group 3 (n = 10) received only BP injections, and those in group 4 (control, n = 6) received only saline. Necrosis and inflammation in the rats’ mandibles were evaluated as indicators of BRONJ. Results: Necrosis and inflammation were not detected in group 1 (BP + relaxin). In group 3 (BP only), incidence rates of necrosis and inflammation were 90% and 60%, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that relaxin may be potently effective in preventing BRONJ and have some benefit in the treatment of existing BRONJ.KEYWORDSAnimal model; BRONJ; Relaxin.

Volume expansion-induced alterations in proximal tubule chloride gradient in the rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (6) ◽  
pp. F473-F478 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Galla ◽  
R. G. Luke
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tubule Fluid

To elucidate the mechanisms by which acute volume expansion (AVE) induces a decrease in proximal tubule transepithelial chloride gradient, male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied before and after AVE with Ringer lactate. In group 1, after AVE equivalent to 10% body wt, there were decreases in both tubule fluid to plasma inulin ratio ((TF/P)In) (from 2.28 +/- 0.10 to 1.57 +/- 0.05) and tubule fluid to ultrafiltrate chloride ratio ((TF/UF)Cl) (from 1.25 +/- 0.02 to 1.18 +/- 0.02). Group 2 was studied during carbonic anhydrase inhibition (CAI) produced by benzolamide before and during superimposed AVE (20% body wr). Both (TF/P)In (from 1.91 +/- 0.10 to 1.41 +/- 0.08) and (TF/UF)Cl (from 1.07 +/- 0.02 to 1.01+/- 0.01) decreased. Group 3 was studied during maintained AVE (15% body wt) as a control for group 4, in which CAI was superimposed on maintained AVE. In group 3, (TF/P)In and (TF/UF)Cl did not change, but in group 4 CAI was associated with a decrease in (TF/P)In (from 1.55 +/- 0.05 to 1.21 +/- 0.05) and in (TF/UF)Cl (from 1.16 +/- 0.01 to 1.04 +/- 0.07). These data suggest that in the superficial proximal convoluted tubule of the rat, AVE-induced alterations in transepithelial chloride gradient are dependent on a mechanism(s) other than changes in carbonic anhydrase-mediated bicarbonate reabsorption.

scholarly journals Ameilorative effect of lycopine against cisplatin toxicity in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Fatma Ehgendy ◽  
Rania M. Waheed ◽  
Samer Ibrahim ◽  
Elshaimaa Said ◽  
Faten Elsayed
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

The following study aimed to investigate the hepato and neuro protective efficacy of Lycopine against Cisplatin which induced hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Twenty Five male Wister rats were used for this experiment they were equally divided into 5 groups (5 rats per group): group (1) served as control group they were injected 1ml saline orally once daily for 20 day, group (2) served as Corn Oil group and they were administrated 1 mL Corn Oil orally once daily for 20 days, group (3) served as Lycopine group and they were administrated (10 mg/kg b.wt) Lycopine orally once daily for 20 days. , group (4) served as Cisplatin treated group and they were injected (6 mg/kg b.wt.) intrapertonialy once at day 10 of experiment and group (5) Lycopine+Cisplatin group and were administrated 10 mg/kg b.wt Lycopine orally once daily for 20 days and injected 6 mg/kg b.wt.) intraperitonialy once at day 10 . Result revealed that Cisplatin induced liver damage indicated by significant increase in liver biomarkers ALP, AlT, AST along with significant decrease in albumin, Moreover marked increase increase in tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde(MDA) and Total antioxidant(TAC) and reduce tissue Glutathione reductase(GSH),that indicated oxidative stress Also results revealed up regulation IL-6 and down regulation IL-10 in liver and brain tissue in compared to control group . However, interestingly concurrent adminsteration of the Lycopine orally at dose level of 10mg/kg b.wt for 20 days with Cisplatin can mitigate these toxic effects caused by Cisplatin.So it is concluded that the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of Lycopine moderate the Cisplatin-induced hepato and neurotoxicity.

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

Does Perioperative Hemoglobin A1c Level Affect the Incidence, Pattern and Mortality of Lower Extremity Amputation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Hassan Al-Thani ◽  
Moamena El-Matbouly ◽  
Maryam Al-Sulaiti ◽  
Noora Al-Thani ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Lower Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 1

Background: We hypothesized that perioperative HbA1c influenced the pattern and outcomes of Lower Extremity Amputation (LEA). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for all patients who underwent LEA between 2000 and 2013. Patients were categorized into 5 groups according to their perioperative HbA1c values [Group 1 (<6.5%), Group 2 (6.5-7.4%), Group 3 (7.5-8.4%), Group 4 (8.5-9.4%) and Group 5 (≥9.5%)]. We identified 848 patients with LEA; perioperative HbA1c levels were available in 547 cases (Group 1: 18.8%, Group 2: 17.7%, Group 3: 15.0%, Group 4: 13.5% and Group 5: 34.9%). Major amputation was performed in 35%, 32%, 22%, 10.8% and 13.6%, respectively. Results: The overall mortality was 36.5%; of that one quarter occurred during the index hospitalization. Mortality was higher in Group 1 (57.4%) compared with Groups 2-5 (46.9%, 38.3%, 36.1% and 31.2%, respectively, p=0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that poor glycemic control (Group 4 and 5) had lower risk of mortality post-LEA [hazard ratio 0.57 (95% CI 0.35-0.93) and hazard ratio 0.46 (95% CI 0.31-0.69)]; this mortality risk persisted even after adjustment for age and sex but was statistically insignificant. The rate of LEA was greater among poor glycemic control patients; however, the mortality was higher among patients with tight control. Conclusion: The effects of HbA1c on the immediate and long-term LEA outcomes and its therapeutic implications need further investigation.

scholarly journals Association between serum oestradiol level on the hCG administration day and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET among 3659 singleton live births

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Wanyu Zhang ◽  
Yihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ivf Et ◽  
Group 1

AbstractOestradiol, an important hormone in follicular development and endometrial receptivity, is closely related to clinical outcomes of fresh in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles. A supraphysiologic E2 level is inevitable during controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation (COH), and its effect on the outcome of IVF-ET is controversial. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the association between elevated serum oestradiol (E2) levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET cycles. The data of 3659 infertile patients with fresh IVF-ET cycles were analysed retrospectively between August 2009 and February 2017 in First Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Patients were categorized by serum E2 levels on the day of hCG administration into six groups: group 1 (serum E2 levels ≤ 1000 pg/mL, n = 230), group 2 (serum E2 levels between 1001 and 2000 pg/mL, n = 524), group 3 (serum E2 levels between 2001 and 3000 pg/mL, n = 783), group 4 (serum E2 levels between 3001 and 4000 pg/mL, n = 721), group 5 (serum E2 levels between 4001 and 5000 pg/mL, n = 548 ), and group 6 (serum E2 levels > 5000 pg/mL, n = 852). Univariate linear regression was used to evaluate the independent correlation between each factor and outcome index. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding factors. The LBW rates were as follows: 3.0% (group 1), 2.9% (group 2), 1.9% (group 3), 2.9% (group 4), 2.9% (group 5), and 2.0% (group 6) (P = 0.629), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of neonatal LBW among the six groups. We did not detect an association between peak serum E2 level during ovarian stimulation and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET. The results of this retrospective cohort study showed that serum E2 peak levels during ovarian stimulation were not associated with birth weight during IVF cycles. In addition, no association was found between higher E2 levels and increased LBW risk. Our observations suggest that the hyper-oestrogenic milieu during COS does not seem to have adverse effects on the birthweight of offspring after IVF. Although this study provides some reference, the obstetric-related factors were not included due to historical reasons. The impact of the high estrogen environment during COS on the birth weight of IVF offspring still needs future research.

Timing of melatonin treatment: differential effects on oestrus and coat growth in goats

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Forsyth ◽  
F. E. Gebbie ◽  
J. Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractTo avoid winter scarcity of fresh goat milk, simple methods of advancing the season of kidding would be commercially valuable. A combination of long-day light treatment followed by melatonin is successful but other aspects of seasonality including coat growth are also reset. To investigate whether effects on breeding season and coat growth can be dissociated, British Saanen dairy goats (no. = 30) were randomly allocated to one of six groups. Control goats were untreated. Goats in the other five groups received 2 months of treatment with 20 h light: 4 h darkness (20L: 4D) and were then given 3 mg melatonin orally at 16.00 hfor 2 months. The treatments started on 11 January (group 1), 29 March (group 2), 14 June (group 3), 30 August (group 4) and 8 November (group 5). Weekly blood samples were taken for the measurement of progesterone to monitor ovarian activity and prolactin. Side patches (10 cm ×10 cm) were clipped monthly from alternate sides and weighed to measure coat growth. The onset of ovarian activity was advanced from a median date of 15 November in controls to 24 May in group 1 (P < 0·01), 16 August in group 2 (P < 0·05) and 18 October in group 3 (? < 0·05). Groups 4 and 5 showed no significant change in the onset of oestrus (median onset dates 8 November and 1 November, respectively). Group 1 goats came into season again with controls in November. In all except group 5, treatment interacted with time to affect significantly the growth of the coat. The pattern of coat growth was most altered (P < 0·001) in groups 1 and 2. This was associated with effects on plasma prolactin concentrations of light stimulation and melatonin suppression. Group 1 goats resynchronized with control goats to show a coat of normal weight in the winter following treatment. Division of milking goat herds into spring and autumn kidding groups is, therefore, a practical possibility, but effects on overall milk yield require study.

THE EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER WEIGHT AND SEX ON THE COOKING LOSSES FROM AND PALATABILITY ATTRIBUTES OF PORK LOIN CHOPS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. JEREMIAH ◽  
G. M. WEISS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Practical Standpoint ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Pork Loin ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

A total of 130 barrows and 113 gilts were slaughtered over a range of liveweights from 65.6 to 143.9 kg. These animals were randomly assigned to six different liveweight groups (group 1, less than 79.5 kg; group 2, 79.5 through 93.1 kg; group 3, 93.2 through 106.7 kg; group 4, 106.8 through 120.4 kg; group 5, 120.5 through 134.0 kg; and group 6, 134.1 kg and over) and utilized to evaluate the effects of slaughter weight and sex on palatability and cooking properties. The composite results indicated that the slaughter weight of both barrows and gilts can, from a practical standpoint, be increased to take advantage of potential economic advantages without meaningfully altering cooking losses or palatability attributes. Key words: Pork, slaughter weight, sex, palatability, cooking losses

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