scholarly journals Physical Activity May Be Associated with Conditioned Pain Modulation in Women but Not Men among Healthy Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Shiro ◽  
Tatsunori Ikemoto ◽  
Yuta Terasawa ◽  
Young-Chang P. Arai ◽  
Kazuhiro Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Conditioned Pain Modulation ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
Cold Stimulation ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Conditioned pain modulation (CPM), a phenomenon also known as diffuse noxious inhibitory control, is thought to be affected by various factors, including sex and level of physical activity. However, the involvement of these factors in CPM remains unclear. Methods. Eighty-six healthy young subjects (M/F, 43/43) participated in this study. Participants were assessed on the basis of their mechanical pressure pain threshold (PPT), CPM response, body mass index (BMI), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) over a week, using a motion counter. Response to CPM was evaluated as PPT during painful cold stimulation relative to baseline PPT. Results. Men showed significantly higher baseline PPT than women; however, this difference was no longer significant after controlling for confounders. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses revealed BMR to be a significant contributor towards baseline PPT in the entire study population. In contrast, although there were no significant contributors to CPM response among men and in the overall study group, MVPA was positively associated with CPM response among women (β = 0.397). Conclusions. These results suggest that, among healthy young individuals, CPM response may be associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in women but not in men.

Zachowania związane z aktywnością fizyczną są czynnikiem predykcyjnym endogennej modulacji bólu u osób starszych

Ból ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Naugle ◽  
Thomas Ohlman ◽  
Keith E. Naugle ◽  
Zachary A. Riley ◽  
NiCole R. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Temporal Summation ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Conditioned Pain Modulation ◽  
Light Physical Activity

Osoby starsze w porównaniu z młodszymi dorosłymi charakteryzują się zwiększonym torowaniem bólu endogennego i zmniejszoną zdolnością do endogennego hamowania bólu, co potencjalnie naraża je na zwiększone ryzyko bólu przewlekłego. Dotychczasowe wyniki badań sugerują, że wyższe poziomy aktywności fizycznej, deklarowane przez badane osoby, związane są ze skuteczniejszym hamowaniem bólu oraz mniejszym torowaniem bólu w ilościowych badaniach czucia u zdrowych dorosłych. Jednakże żadna z prac nie badała bezpośrednio związku pomiędzy zachowaniami związanymi z aktywnością fizyczną i modulacją bólu u osób starszych. Obecne badanie sprawdzało czy obiektywne mierniki zachowań związanych z aktywnością fizyczną w badaniu przekrojowym są czynnikiem predykcyjnym hamowania bólu w teście warunkowanej modulacji bólu (conditioned pain modulation, CPM) oraz torowania bólu w teście sumacji czasowej (temporal summation, TS) u zdrowych osób starszych. Pięćdziesiąt jeden osób starszych nosiło akcelerometr na wysokości bioder przez 7 dni oraz przeszło testy CPM oraz TS. Pomiary czasu spędzonego w pozycji siedzącej, na lekkiej aktywności fizycznej (light physical activity, LPA) oraz umiarkowanej do intensywnej aktywności fizycznej (moderate to vigorous physical activity, MVPA) uzyskano z akcelerometru. Hierarchiczne regresje liniowe przeprowadzono, aby określić związek TS oraz CPM z poziomami aktywności fizycznej, kontrolując jednocześnie zmienne demograficzne, psychologiczne oraz uzyskane z kwestionariuszy. Wyniki wskazują, że siedzący tryb życia oraz LPA są istotnym statystycznie czynnikiem predykcyjnym hamowania bólu w teście CPM – mniej czasu spędzonego w pozycji siedzącej oraz większa ilość czasu LPA powiązane są ze zwiększoną zdolnością hamowania bólu. Dodatkowo, MVPA jest czynnikiem predykcyjnym torowania bólu w teście TS – większa ilość czasu MVPA związana jest z mniejszą TS bólu. Te wyniki sugerują, że różne typy aktywności fizycznej mogą na różne sposoby wpływać na procesy hamowania i torowania bólu u osób starszych.

scholarly journals Validation of self-reported physical activity by accelerometry among primary school children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Mary Vincent Mosha ◽  
Elizabeth Kasagama ◽  
Philip Ayieko ◽  
Jim Todd ◽  
Sia E. Msuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation

Background: Self-reports are commonly used to assess physical activity in children.  Existing self-reports for physical activity have not been validated for use among primary school children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. In order to understand if primary school children can accurately report their physical activity, we examined the validity of self-reported physical activity against accelerometer measured physical activity. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July, 2018 among four primary schools in Moshi municipal and Moshi rural districts, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.  A total of 51 primary school children aged 9–11 years were enrolled using a simple random sampling technique. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect physical activity related variables. In addition, children wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days to capture physical activity movements. Spearman’s rank test and Bland Altman plots were used for assessing validity and agreement between self-reports and accelerometer moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Results: The mean age of the study participants was 10 (SD=0.8) years. Majority of the study participants were female 32 (63%). A moderate, positive correlation was found between self-reports and accelerometer MVPA (rho=0.36, p=0.009). Accelerometer had higher MVPA compared to self-reports. Children who reported walking to school had higher MVPA for both accelerometer and self- reports compared to children who use other means of transport to school, e.g. school buses (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study found the moderate positive correlation between self-reports and accelerometers. Self-reports are prone to errors due to recall bias, and this interferes their validity.  More research is needed to develop better self-reported measures with specific activities which can easily be recalled by children. Also, researchers have to be aware of self-reports validity limitation.

Reliability of the conditioned pain modulation paradigm across three anatomical sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-296
Author(s):  
Rania Nuwailati ◽  
Michele Curatolo ◽  
Linda LeResche ◽  
Douglas S. Ramsay ◽  
Charles Spiekerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Conditioned Pain Modulation ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Relative Reliability ◽  
Contralateral Hand ◽  
The Face ◽  
Absolute Reliability

AbstractBackground and aimsConditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) is a measure of pain inhibition-facilitation in humans that may elucidate pain mechanisms and potentially serve as a diagnostic test. In laboratory settings, the difference between two pain measures [painful test stimulus (TS) without and with the conditioning stimulus (CS) application] reflects the CPM magnitude. Before the CPM test can be used as a diagnostic tool, its reliability on the same day (intra-session) and across multiple days (inter-session) needs to be known. Furthermore, it is important to determine the most reliable anatomical sites for both the TS and the CS. This study aimed to measure the intra-session and inter-session reliability of the CPM test paradigm in healthy subjects with the TS (pressure pain threshold-PPT) applied to three test sites: the face, hand, and dorsum of the foot, and the CS (cold pressor test-CPT) applied to the contralateral hand.MethodsSixty healthy participants aged 18–65 were tested by the same examiner on 3 separate days, with an interval of 2–7 days. On each day, testing was comprised of two identical experimental sessions in which the PPT test was performed on each of the three dominant anatomical sites in randomized order followed by the CPM test (repeating the PPT with CPT on the non-dominant hand). CPM magnitude was calculated as the percent change in PPT. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Coefficient of Variation (CV), and Bland-Altman analyses were used to assess reliability.ResultsPPT relative reliability ranged from good to excellent at all three sites; the hand showed an intra-session ICC of 0.90 (0.84, 0.94) before CPT and ICC of 0.89 (0.83, 0.92) during CPT. The PPT absolute reliability was also high, showing a low bias and small variability when performed on all three sites; for example, CV of the hand intra-session was 8.0 before CPT and 8.1 during CPT. The relative reliability of the CPM test, although only fair, was most reliable when performed during the intra-session visits on the hand; ICC of 0.57 (0.37, 0.71) vs. 0.20 (0.03, 0.39) for the face, and 0.22 (0.01, 0.46) for the foot. The inter-session reliability was lower in all three anatomical sites, with the best reliability on the hand with an ICC of 0.40 (0.23, 0.55). The pattern of absolute reliability of CPM was similar to the relative reliability findings, with the reliability best on the hand, showing lower intra-session and inter-session variability (CV% = 43.5 and 51.5, vs. 70.1 and 73.1 for the face, and 75.9 and 78.9 for the foot). The CPM test was more reliable in women than in men, and in older vs. younger participants.DiscussionThe CPM test was most reliable when the TS was applied to the dominant hand and CS performed on the contralateral hand. These data indicate that using the CS and TS in the same but contralateral dermatome in CPM testing may create the most reliable results.

P5306Changes in health-behaviours of 15-year old girls depend on satisfaction with the prophylactic intervention program. Healthy Me Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Fijalkowska ◽  
J Mazur ◽  
A Dzielska ◽  
H Nalecz ◽  
W Ostrega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Main Effect

Abstract Introduction Healthy Me (HM) interventional study was oriented on improvement of physical activity (PA) in 15-year old girls but also included component of eating habits, smoking prevention and personal competencies. Innovative elements of the project involved usage of fitness-band with continuous monitoring of PA and special dedicated smartphone apps. Purpose To assess the effectiveness of 1-year prophylactic intervention with the use of mobile technology in girls between 14 and 15 year of age, in relation to the level of their satisfaction with the program. Methods 1198 girls 14–15 years old from 48 randomly selected schools from all over Poland participated in the HM during 2017/2018 school year. Schools were randomized to full or partial intervention and control group, respectively 636, 277 and 285 girls. Questionnaire data from the beginning and the end of the HM regarding four factors (low PA, eating sweets, smoking and stress level) were analyzed. Mean changes (MC) calculated according to the definition given in table 1 were applied as outcome measure. Satisfaction with the program was assessed after 1 year of participation in the HM as low, average and high. General linear models with main effects were estimated and adjusted for initial level of each factor. Results At the beginning of the study 87% participants did not fulfill criteria for recommended PA, 9% smoked during last 30 days and 67% ate sweets more than ones per week. Mean stress level was 6.92±2.92 points. For the entire study group, the only significant change after 1 year intervention was lower frequency of eating sweets (p=0,007). However, the higher satisfaction with the study resulted in the significantly higher effectiveness of HM intervention (table 1). Mean changes in the analyzed factors Analyzed factor Range Mean change in entire group (SE) Mean change by level of satisfaction p1 p2 low (SE) average (SE) high (SE) Physical activity (MVPA) 0–7 days −0.076 (0.063) −0.396 (0.137) −0.147 (0.068) 0.261 (0.119) 0.001 0.068 Smoking-past 0 – never 0.039 (0.028) 0.270 (0.066) 0.034 (0.033) −0.004 (0.057) 0.002 0.067 6–30 days or more Eating sweets 0 – never −0.296 (0.045) −0.047 (0.101) −0.285 (0.050) −0.313 (0.086) 0.069 0.016 6 – every day more than once Stress Cohen scale 0–16 points 0.105 (0.090) 0.498 (0.211) 0.138 (0.105) −0.424 (0.183) 0.003 0.823 SE: standard error; MVPA: moderate to vigorous physical activity; p1: main effect of the level of satisfaction; p2: main effect of the intervention group. Conclusion Program that was dedicated for improvement of PA in teenage girls could also profitably influence other factors related to health behaviours and stress level in this group but intervention must be perceived by participants as rewarding. It seems, that attractiveness of interventional program design, increased by mobile technologies, is key for its effectiveness for teens. Acknowledgement/Funding National Health Program, Ministry of Health

scholarly journals Predicting the outcome of persistent sciatica using conditioned pain modulation: 1-year results from a prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf R. Fjeld ◽  
Margreth Grotle ◽  
Dagfinn Matre ◽  
Linda M. Pedersen ◽  
Marie U. Lie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Conditioned Pain Modulation ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackground and aimsRecovery in patients hospitalised with severe sciatica is unpredictable. Prognostic tools to aid clinicians in the early identification of patients at risk of developing chronic sciatic pain are warranted. Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a psychophysical measure of the endogenous pain modulatory pathways. Several studies have suggested CPM as a potentially important predictive biomarker for the development of chronic pain. The aim of the study was to determine whether CPM effect in patients still suffering from leg pain 6 weeks after hospital discharge for severe sciatica is associated with persistent leg pain at 12 months. A potential association would suggest that measuring CPM effect could be a valuable prognostic tool in the hospital management of sciatica.MethodsA prospective cohort study in which CPM effect was measured 6 weeks after hospital discharge following an acute admission with sciatica as the main complaint. The impact of CPM effect on the outcome was analysed using logistic regression. The outcome measured was self-reported leg pain score of ≥1 in the past week on a 0–10 numeric rating scale (NRS) at 12 months post discharge.ResultsA total of 111 patients completed the entire study, 51 of whom received non-randomised surgical treatment. Crude and confounder adjusted analyses showed no significant association between CPM effect and leg-pain measured at 12 months, crude Odds Ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.7–1.1, p = 0.23.ConclusionsOur results suggest that CPM assessment has limited prognostic value for the long-term outcome in severe sciatica when measured 6 weeks after hospital discharge.ImplicationsThe present study adds important knowledge concerning the limited clinical use of late CPM testing in sciatica patients. The heterogeneity in patients, the wide range of treatments received and a generally favourable outcome are factors that may affect CPM’s clinical value as a prognostic factor for severe sciatica.

scholarly journals Changes in Device-Measured Physical Activity Patterns in U.K. Adults Related to the First COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Kingsnorth ◽  
Mhairi Patience ◽  
Elena Moltchanova ◽  
Dale W. Esliger ◽  
Nicola J. Paine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Light Activity ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Key Worker

The response to COVID-19 resulted in behavioral restrictions to tackle the spread of infection. Initial data indicates that step counts were impacted by lockdown restrictions; however, there is little evidence regarding changes of light and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behavioral intensities. In this study, participants were asked to provide longitudinal wearable data from Fitbit devices over a period of 30 weeks, from December 2019 to June 2020. Self-assessed key worker status was captured, along with wearable estimates of steps, light activity, and MVPA. Bayesian change point analyses of data from 97 individuals found that there was a sharp decrease of 1,473 steps (95% credible interval [CI] [−2,218, −709]) and light activity minutes (41.9; 95% CI [−54.3, −29.3]), but an increase in MVPA minutes (11.7; 95% CI [2.9, 19.4]) in the mean weekly totals for nonkey workers. For the key workers, the total number of steps (207; 95% CI [−788, 1,456]) and MVPA minutes increased (20.5; 95% CI [12.6, 28.3]) but light activity decreased by an average of 46.9 min (95% CI [−61.2, −31.8]). Interestingly, the change in steps was commensurate with that observed during Christmas (1,458; 95% CI [−2,286, −554]) for nonkey workers and behavioral changes occurred at different time points and rates depending on key worker status. Results indicate that there were clear behavioral modifications before and during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period, and future research should assess whether any behavioral modifications were sustained over time.

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