scholarly journals The Geography of Primary Hepatic Neoplasms Treatments in Canada: Changes in Latitudes and Changes in Attitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Matthew Cwinn ◽  
Gordon Walsh ◽  
Sheikh Hasibur Rahman ◽  
Michele Molinari
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Hepatic Resection ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Hepatic Neoplasms ◽  
Locoregional Therapies

Background. Studies on treatment modalities for primary hepatic neoplasms (PHN) in Canada are lacking. Our primary aim was to analyze the age-standardized incidence of hepatic resection, ablation, transplantation, and embolization for PHN between 2002 and 2013. Secondary aim was to evaluate temporal trends for these treatment modalities. Study Design. National Canadian Cancer Registries were accessed for relevant epidemiological data. Age-standardized incidence of treatment ratios (SIRs) was calculated and comparisons were performed for Atlantic Canada, Ontario, the Prairies, and British Columbia. Results. British Columbia recorded the highest SIRs for ablation (1.9; 95% CI 1.8–2.0), hepatic resection (1.2; 95% CI 1.1–1.3), and transarterial locoregional therapies (2.8; 95% CI 2.4–3.2). For hepatic resection, the lowest SIR was found in Atlantic Canada (0.7; 95% CI 0.6–0.9), while the Prairies recorded the lowest estimate for transarterial therapies (0.2; 95% CI 0.1–0.4). Liver transplantation had the highest SIR in Ontario (1.5; 95% CI 1.3–1.6) and the lowest SIR in British Columbia. No significant temporal changes in SIRs were observed for any of the treatments except for transarterial therapies. Conclusions. Treatment of PHN in Canada differs by geography. Variations might be due to differences in expertise or access to therapeutic modalities.

scholarly journals MiRNA10b-directed nanotherapy effectively targets brain metastases from breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byunghee Yoo ◽  
Alana Ross ◽  
Pamela Pantazopoulos ◽  
Zdravka Medarova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Metastatic Colonization

AbstractRNA interference represents one of the most appealing therapeutic modalities for cancer because of its potency, versatility, and modularity. Because the mechanism is catalytic and affects the expression of disease-causing antigens at the post-transcriptional level, only small amounts of therapeutic need to be delivered to the target in order to exert a robust therapeutic effect. RNA interference is also advantageous over other treatment modalities, such as monoclonal antibodies or small molecules, because it has a much broader array of druggable targets. Finally, the complementarity of the genetic code gives us the opportunity to design RNAi therapeutics using computational, rational approaches. Previously, we developed and tested an RNAi-targeted therapeutic, termed MN-anti-miR10b, which was designed to inhibit the critical driver of metastasis and metastatic colonization, miRNA-10b. We showed in animal models of metastatic breast cancer that MN-anti-miR10b accumulated into tumors and metastases in the lymph nodes, lungs, and bone, following simple intravenous injection. We also found that treatment incorporating MN-anti-miR10b was effective at inhibiting the emergence of metastases and could regress already established metastases in the lymph nodes, lungs, and bone. In the present study, we extend the application of MN-anti-miR10b to a model of breast cancer metastatic to the brain. We demonstrate delivery to the metastatic lesions and obtain evidence of a therapeutic effect manifested as inhibition of metastatic progression. This investigation represents an additional step towards translating similar RNAi-targeted therapeutics for the systemic treatment of metastatic disease.

scholarly journals Interventional Oncology Approach to Hepatic Metastases

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (05) ◽  
pp. 484-491
Author(s):  
Cathal O'Leary ◽  
Michael C. Soulen ◽  
Susan Shamimi-Noori
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Interventional Oncology ◽  
Hepatic Metastases ◽  
Locoregional Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Locoregional Therapies ◽  
Metastatic Liver

AbstractMetastatic liver disease is one of the major causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Locoregional therapies offered by interventional oncologists alleviate cancer-related morbidity and in some cases improve survival. Locoregional therapies are often palliative in nature but occasionally can be used with curative intent. This review will discuss important factors to consider prior to palliative and curative intent treatment of metastatic liver disease with locoregional therapy. These factors include those specific to the tumor, liver function, liver reserve, differences between treatment modalities, and patient-specific considerations.

scholarly journals Finding an easy way to harmonize: a review of advances in clinical research and combination strategies of EZH2 inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yueqing Gong ◽  
Tengrui Zhang ◽  
Jiaqi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Combination Strategies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual

AbstractEnhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors (EZH2i) have garnered increased attention owing to their anticancer activity by targeting EZH2, a well-known cancer-promoting factor. However, some lymphomas are resistant to EZH2i, and EZH2i treatment alone is ineffective in case of EZH2-overexpressing solid tumors. The anti-cancer efficacy of EZH2i may be improved through safe and effective combinations of these drugs with other treatment modalities. Preclinical evidence indicates that combining EZH2i with other therapies, such as immunotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and endocrine therapy, has complementary or synergistic antitumor effects. Therefore, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the individual constituents of the combination therapies is fundamental for their clinical application. In this review, we have summarized notable clinical trials and preclinical studies using EZH2i, their progress, and combinations of EZH2i with different therapeutic modalities, aiming to provide new insights for tumor treatment.

scholarly journals Belantamab Mafodotin to Treat Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Review of Disease, Drug Efficacy and Side Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 640-660
Author(s):  
Grace Lassiter ◽  
Cole Bergeron ◽  
Ryan Guedry ◽  
Julia Cucarola ◽  
Adam M. Kaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Refractory Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Clonal Proliferation ◽  
Refractory State

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by excessive clonal proliferation of plasma cells. The treatment of multiple myeloma presents a variety of unique challenges due to the complex molecular pathophysiology and incurable status of the disease at this time. Given that MM is the second most common blood cancer with a characteristic and unavoidable relapse/refractory state during the course of the disease, the development of new therapeutic modalities is crucial. Belantamab mafodotin (belamaf, GSK2857916) is a first-in-class therapeutic, indicated for patients who have previously attempted four other treatments, including an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, a proteosome inhibitor, and an immunomodulatory agent. In November 2017, the FDA designated belamaf as a breakthrough therapy for heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. In August 2020, the FDA granted accelerated approval as a monotherapy for relapsed or treatment-refractory multiple myeloma. The drug was also approved in the EU for this indication in late August 2020. Of note, belamaf is associated with the following adverse events: decreased platelets, corneal disease, decreased or blurred vision, anemia, infusion-related reactions, pyrexia, and fetal risk, among others. Further studies are necessary to evaluate efficacy in comparison to other standard treatment modalities and as future drugs in this class are developed.

ROLE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN IN POST-COVID SINO-NASAL MUCORMYCOSIS WITH CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CORELATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Srijit Saha ◽  
Aarti Anand ◽  
Debraj Saha
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
P Value ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotics

Ÿ OBJECTIVE: Ÿ To evaluate the spectrum of radiological ndings in post-COVID sinonasal mucormycosis cases Ÿ To evaluate the demography, comorbidities and treatment modalities used in these patients which may be attributable to development of sinonasal mucormycosis after recovery from COVID-19 disease. Ÿ MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 80 out of 793 patients who came for follow-up after recovering from COVID pneumonia, had symptoms related to paranasal sinus and orbit. CECT PNS and orbit was performed in them and 69 patients had positive CT ndings. Clinico-epidemiological data was recorded. The correlation between CT ndings and clinical history was performed by Chi2 test. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically signicant. Ÿ RESULTS: Majority - 48 (69.5%) belonged to age group between 40-60 years. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbid condition seen in 58 (84%) patients. The treatment history during COVID-19 disease revealed administration of intravenous or oral steroids in 54 (78.2%) patients, Injection Remdesivir in 48 (69.5%), broad-spectrum antibiotics in 36 (52.2%). 15 (21.7%) were given non-invasive ventilation and 7 (10.1%) needed invasive ventilation. Ethmoidal sinus- 68 cases (98.5%) and maxillary sinus- 65 cases (94.2%) were most frequently affected sinus. Intraorbital extension of the soft tissue was seen in 37 (53.6%) and intracranial extension was seen in 11 (15.9%) cases. On follow-up, fungal hyphae were detected in 39 (56.5%) cases via KOH mount or biopsy. Ÿ CONCLUSION: The widespread use of steroids/monoclonal antibodies/broad-spectrum antibiotics/oxygen therapy for treating COVID-19 may lead to the development/exacerbation of pre-existing fungal diseases. Health care professionals should act promptly when there is a suspicion of mucormycosis

scholarly journals FIRST BRAZILIAN CONSENSUS ON MULTIMODAL TREATMENT OF COLORECTAL LIVER METASTASES. MODULE 1: PRE-TREATMENT EVALUATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe José Fernandez COIMBRA ◽  
Heber Salvador de Castro RIBEIRO ◽  
Márcio Carmona MARQUES ◽  
Paulo HERMAN ◽  
Rubens CHOJNIAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Multimodal Treatment ◽  
Colorectal Liver Metastases ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Definition Of

Background : Liver metastases of colorectal cancer are frequent and potentially fatal event in the evolution of patients with these tumors. Aim : In this module, was contextualized the clinical situations and parameterized epidemiological data and results of the various treatment modalities established. Method: Was realized deep discussion on detecting and staging metastatic colorectal cancer, as well as employment of imaging methods in the evaluation of response to instituted systemic therapy. Results : The next step was based on the definition of which patients would have their metastases considered resectable and how to expand the amount of patients elegible for modalities with curative intent. Conclusion : Were presented clinical, pathological and molecular prognostic factors, validated to be taken into account in clinical practice.

Temporal trends in the transmission ofBlueberry scorch virusin British Columbia, Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Raworth ◽  
C. J. French ◽  
D. T. Lowery ◽  
M. G. Bernardy ◽  
M. Bouthillier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Temporal Trends

scholarly journals P86 Treatment modalities in peripheral facial nerve palsy in children and adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. e53.1-e53
Author(s):  
J Samardzic ◽  
B Kukolj ◽  
M Jovanovic ◽  
O Djuric ◽  
J Jancic
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Peripheral Facial Palsy ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Peripheral Facial Nerve Palsy

BackgroundBell´s palsy is the most common type of peripheral facial palsy in pediatrics. Recent studies strongly support the combined therapy with corticosteroids (CS), antiviral drugs and vitamins B. Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of proposed therapeutic modalities, including the relation between the patients‘ recovery and their age, etiological factors and applied treatment.MethodsThe retrospective analysis involved 88 patients (52 females/36 males), between 18 months and 18 years old; the average age was 11.7 years. Data was obtained from the documentation of patients hospitalized at the Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth in Belgrade, from 2000 to 2017. House Brackmann´s scale was used for the assessment of disease course and outcome. Pearson´s χ2 test, Friedman´s test and general linear model were applied for statistical data processing.ResultsThe majority of patients were treated with combined CS/vitamins (42.0%) and CS/antiviral/vitamins (17.0%), whereas CS only received 22.7% of patients, all with an appropriate physical treatment. The group of idiopathic paralysis makes 62.5%, while the incidence of symptomatic paralysis is 37.5%; however, the recovery rate between these groups has not been shown (p=0.309). Patients received CS therapy were divided into 4 groups: CS only, CS+antiviral, CS+vitamins B, and CS+antiviral+vitamins B. The statistically significant recovery was registered in each group (p< 0.001); however, no difference was found between the groups in term of recovery rate (p=865). For the assessment of recovery period in relation to the age, the obtained p value was 0.054, a borderline level, suggesting a faster recovery of children at younger age.ConclusionThe acute one-sided mimic musculature weakness is mostly idiopathic. The effectiveness of the CS therapy was strongly supported, suggesting CS as a core treatment for the Bell´s palsy. It has been shown the faster recovery of children at younger age.Disclosure(s)Nothing to disclose

National temporal trends and determinants of cost of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Vascular ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-704
Author(s):  
Senthil Nathan Jayarajan ◽  
Claudiu Adrian Vlada ◽  
Luis Arturo Sanchez ◽  
Jeffrey Jim
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Introduction In recent decades, there has been a shift in the management of aortic abdominal aneurysm from open intervention (open aortic aneurysm repair) to an endovascular approach (endovascular aortic aneurysm repair). This shift has yielded clinical as well as socioeconomic reverberations. In our current study, we aim to analyze these effects brought about by the switch to endovascular treatment and to scrutinize the determinants of cost variations between the two treatment modalities. Methods The National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample database was queried for clinical data ranging from 2001 to 2013 using International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes for open and endovascular aortic repair. Clinical parameters and financial data related to the two treatment modalities were analyzed. Temporal trends of index hospitalization costs were determined. Multivariate linear regression was used to characterize determinants of cost for endovascular aneurysm repair and open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Results A total of 128,154 aortic repairs were captured in our analysis, including 62,871 open repairs and 65,283 endovascular repairs. Over the assessed time period, there has been a decrease in the cost of elective endovascular aortic aneurysm repair from $34,975.62 to $31,384.90, a $3,590.72 difference ( p < 0.01), while the cost of open aortic repair has increased from $37,427.77 to $43,640.79 by 2013, a $6,212.79 increase ( p < 0.01). The cost of open aortic aneurysm repair disproportionately increased at urban teaching hospitals, where by 2013, it costs $50,205.59, compared to $34,676.46 at urban nonteaching hospitals, and $34,696.97 at rural institutions. Urban teaching hospitals were found to perform an increasing proportion of complex open aneurysm repairs, involving concomitant renal and visceral bypass procedures. On multivariate analysis, strong determinants of cost increase for both endovascular aortic aneurysm repair and open aortic aneurysm repair are rupture status, prolonged length of stay, occurrence of complications, and the need for disposition to a nursing facility or another acute care institution. Conclusion As the vascular community has shifted from an open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm to an endovascular approach, a number of unforeseen clinical and economic effects were noted. We have characterized these ramifications to help guide further clinical decision and resource allocation.

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