scholarly journals Assessment of an Invasive Weed “Maimaio” Commelina foecunda in the Sesame Fields of Western Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
G. Zenawi ◽  
T. Goitom ◽  
B. Fiseha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Western Zone ◽  
Late Growth

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is probably the most ancient oilseed. It has multiple uses; it is used as a source of food and in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. The average yield of sesame in western Tigray is too low (about 400 kg/ha to 500 kg/ha) due to different factors, and weed infestation takes a lion’s share. More than 80 weed species were recorded and identified as weed pests for sesame in western Tigray. “Maimaio” Commelina foecunda is the most troublesome weed of sesame. The purpose of this study was to assess the distribution of C. foecunda and quantify its infestations. The survey was conducted in 24 sesame growing areas and 48 sesame farms from the three districts of western Tigray in the 2017 production season. The survey result showed that about 91.7% of the assessed sesame farms in western Tigray were found infested with C. foecunda. The weed frequently appeared in Kafta Humera. And, it occurred abundantly and closely in Kafta Humera, whereas it occurred poorly and irresolutely in Tsegede. Concentrated frequency, abundance, and density of the weed were recorded by large-scale sesame producers, lower growing altitudes, and early growth stage of sesame; whereas, it was limited in the small-scale farms, higher growing altitudes, and late growth stage of sesame.

scholarly journals Effect of Herbicides on the Management of the Invasive Weed Solanum rostratum Dunal (Solanaceae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Jackline Abu-Nassar ◽  
Maor Matzrafi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Solanum Rostratum ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Chemical Solutions ◽  
Late Growth

Solanum rostratum Dunal is an invasive weed species that invaded Israel in the 1950s. The weed appears in several germination flashes, from early spring until late summer. Recently, an increase in its distribution range was observed, alongside the identification of new populations in the northern part of Israel. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of herbicide application for the control of S. rostratum using two field populations originated from the Golan Heights and the Jezreel Valley. While minor differences in herbicide efficacy were recorded between populations, plant growth stage had a significant effect on herbicide response. Carfentrazone-ethyl was found to be highly effective in controlling plants at both early and late growth stages. Metribuzin, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen and tembutrione showed reduced efficacy when applied at later growth stage (8–9 cm height), as compared to the application at an early growth stage (4–5 cm height). Tank mixes of oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen with different concentrations of surfactant improved later growth stage plant control. Taken together, our study highlights several herbicides that can improve weed control and may be used as chemical solutions alongside diversified crop rotation options. Thus, they may aid in preventing the spread and further buildup of S. rostratum field populations.

scholarly journals Impact of Plant Population and Weed Control Methods on the Growth, Yield and Economic Potential of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Cultivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
F.O. TAKIM ◽  
M.A. SULEIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Infestation

ABSTRACT: Sugarcane industries are faced with the challenges of reduced cane yield due to inability to ascertain an appropriate sugarcane planting density. Field trials were conducted at Bacita, southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to examine appropriate planting density and weed control method that can minimize weed infestation in sugarcane field and give an optimum cane yield to improve the economic status of the sugarcane farming community. The experiment was established as a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement with three replications. The main plot constituted four planting populations (43,200, 64,800, 86,400 and 108,800) plants ha-1 while the sub-plot consisted of six weed control practices (weedy check, pre-emergence application of terbuthylazine at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + three supplementary hoe weeding (SHW), post emergence application of ametryn at 3.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + two SHW., post emergence application of dicamba at 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + two SHW., pre emergence application of terbuthylazine at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + post emergence application of 2.4-D at 3.0 kg a.e. ha-1 and monthly hoe weeding). The study revealed that fifteen weed species were encountered as the most prevalent weed species in sugarcane ecology. Plant population of 108,800 plants ha-1 had the lowest weed seedlings population with highest cane yield (216.03 tons ha-1), production efficiency of 9.20% and benefit cost ratio of US$ 9.86 on every US$ 1 spent. This study concludes that, the adoption of 86,400-108,800 plants ha-1 of sugarcane and pre emergence application of terbuthylazine at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + three SHW (for small scale growers) or pre emergence application of Terbuthylazine at 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + post emergence application of 2.4-D at 3.0 kg a.e. ha-1 for the commercial estates will minimize weed infestation and make sugarcane cultivation a profitable venture.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Spread of Water Hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes): Challenges and Future Developments

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviraj Datta ◽  
Savitri Maharaj ◽  
G. Nagendra Prabhu ◽  
Deepayan Bhowmik ◽  
Armando Marino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed

Water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes, also referred to as Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the most invasive weed species in the world, causing significant adverse economic and ecological impacts, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Large scale real-time monitoring of areas of chronic infestation is critical to formulate effective control strategies for this fast spreading weed species. Assessment of revenue generation potential of the harvested water hyacinth biomass also requires enhanced understanding to estimate the biomass yield potential for a given water body. Modern remote sensing technologies can greatly enhance our capacity to understand, monitor, and estimate water hyacinth infestation within inland as well as coastal freshwater bodies. Readily available satellite imagery with high spectral, temporal, and spatial resolution, along with conventional and modern machine learning techniques for automated image analysis, can enable discrimination of water hyacinth infestation from other floating or submerged vegetation. Remote sensing can potentially be complemented with an array of other technology-based methods, including aerial surveys, ground-level sensors, and citizen science, to provide comprehensive, timely, and accurate monitoring. This review discusses the latest developments in the use of remote sensing and other technologies to monitor water hyacinth infestation, and proposes a novel, multi-modal approach that combines the strengths of the different methods.

scholarly journals Released Crop Varieties and their Packages in Western Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yirga Belay Kindeya ◽  
Fiseha Baraki ◽  
Muez Berhe ◽  
Shishay Chernet ◽  
Haile Zibelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
World Market ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Agricultural Mechanization ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Zone

North western and Western zone of Tigray are the most suitable for agricultural mechanization and investment for different crops such as sesame, cotton, sorghum, Mungbean and other. Now days different investments and agro-industries are emerging to consume and process the agricultural products and this is a good opportunity for the crop producers. This new emerging industrial parks helps to produce quality products, value-add process, to get reasonable price, to introduce modern agriculture and agricultural mechanization. The Humera type sesame is one of the branded white seeded sesame in the world, meets the world criteria; it has high demand in the world market for different purposes. In northern Ethiopia, sesame is producing purely organic and it is very essential for different international and domestic purposes. Humera agricultural research Center released different crop varieties under wide commercial production in different agro-ecologies of Ethiopia such as sesame; Setit-1(2011), Setit-2 (2016), Setit-3 (2017), Humera-1 (2011) and Mungbean (Arkebe, 2014), Okra (Bamya-Humera in2016), Tomato (Tekeze-1, 2016) for low land areas of northern Ethiopia and other similar agro-ecology of the country. Those released crop varieties are under wide commercial production and small-scale farmers in northern Ethiopia and producing for export, agro-industrial purposes and local consumption.

Small-Scale Science to Large-Scale Profession

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-398
Author(s):  
Roger Smith
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale

Development of Physics Learning Module Based on Guided Inquiry with Light Wave Material in Class XI of Senior High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Evi Rahmawati ◽  
Irnin Agustina Dwi Astuti ◽  
N Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Teacher Response ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Scientific Skills

IPA Integrated is a place for students to study themselves and the surrounding environment applied in daily life. Integrated IPA Learning provides a direct experience to students through the use and development of scientific skills and attitudes. The importance of integrated IPA requires to pack learning well, integrated IPA integration with the preparation of modules combined with learning strategy can maximize the learning process in school. In SMP 209 Jakarta, the value of the integrated IPA is obtained from 34 students there are 10 students completed and 24 students are not complete because they get the value below the KKM of 68. This research is a development study with the development model of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The use of KPS-based integrated IPA modules (Science Process sSkills) on the theme of rainbow phenomenon obtained by media expert validation results with an average score of 84.38%, average material expert 82.18%, average linguist 75.37%. So the average of all aspects obtained by 80.55% is worth using and tested to students. The results of the teacher response obtained 88.69% value with excellent criteria. Student responses on a small scale acquired an average score of 85.19% with highly agreed criteria and on the large-scale student response gained a yield of 86.44% with very agreed criteria. So the module can be concluded receiving a good response by the teacher and students.

Planetary gentrification and urban (re)development

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta Lees
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups

Abstract Gentrification is no-longer, if it ever was, a small scale process of urban transformation. Gentrification globally is more often practised as large scale urban redevelopment. It is state-led or state-induced. The results are clear – the displacement and disenfranchisement of low income groups in favour of wealthier in-movers. So, why has gentrification come to dominate policy making worldwide and what can be done about it?

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF CA DONG PEOPLE IN RESETTLEMENT AREA OF TRANH RIVER HYDROPOWER NUMBER 2: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT FACTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bùi Thị Bích Lan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Role Of The State

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.

Managing the impacts of mining on Ghana’s water resources from a legal perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasirudeen Abdul Fatawu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Legal Perspective

Recent floods in Ghana are largely blamed on mining activities. Not only are lives lost through these floods, farms andproperties are destroyed as a result. Water resources are diverted, polluted and impounded upon by both large-scale minersand small-scale miners. Although these activities are largely blamed on behavioural attitudes that need to be changed, thereare legal dimensions that should be addressed as well. Coincidentally, a great proportion of the water resources of Ghana arewithin these mining areas thus the continual pollution of these surface water sources is a serious threat to the environmentand the development of the country as a whole. The environmental laws need to be oriented properly with adequate sanctionsto tackle the impacts mining has on water resources. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure needs to bestreamlined and undertaken by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and not the company itself.

RANCANG BANGUN PERANGKAT EKSPERIMENTASI PROSES PIROLISIS BIOMASA GELOMBANG MIKRO

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Fachrizal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Laboratory Apparatus ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Large Scale Model ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Biomass such as agriculture waste and urban waste are enormous potency as energy resources instead of enviromental problem. organic waste can be converted into energy in the form of liquid fuel, solid, and syngas by using of pyrolysis technique. Pyrolysis process can yield higher liquid form when the process can be drifted into fast and flash response. It can be solved by using microwave heating method. This research is started from developing an experimentation laboratory apparatus of microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass energy conversion system, and conducting preliminary experiments for gaining the proof that this method can be established for driving the process properly and safely. Modifying commercial oven into laboratory apparatus has been done, it works safely, and initial experiments have been carried out, process yields bio-oil and charcoal shortly, several parameters are achieved. Some further experiments are still needed for more detail parameters. Theresults may be used to design small-scale continuous model of productionsystem, which then can be developed into large-scale model that applicable for comercial use.

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