scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Occupant Head Injuries in Impacts with Dump Truck Panel

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shence Wang ◽  
Deshun Liu ◽  
Zhihua Cai
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Panel Design

The human head will inevitably impact on the panel causing injury due to the inertia during dump truck collisions or emergency braking. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the effects of panel design parameters on occupant head injuries via simulations using finite element (FE) models of a human head and a dump truck cockpit. Special focus was applied to understand how panel type (soft and hard), elastic modulus of the filling and frame, and the fixing distance for the soft panel could affect head injuries in head-to-panel impacts under different impact conditions (impact speed and location). Simulation results show that a soft panel is beneficial for head protection in impacts with the truck instrument panel, and a soft panel using a lower filling elastic modulus, lower frame elastic modulus, and longer fixing distance is helpful for head injury prevention. The findings also indicate that the head peak acceleration and maximum skull stress are more sensitive to the fixing distance and elastic modulus of frame than elastic modulus of the filling of the panel. Moreover, these trends are not affected by changing the impact speed and impact location. The findings of this study suggest that a safer panel design for head injury prevention should firstly have a long fixing distance and then followed by using softer filling and frame materials.

Combat Helmet Design Incorporating Multiple Ballistic Threats, Brain Functional Areas and Injury Considerations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Matic ◽  
Alex E. Moser ◽  
Robert N. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Direct Head ◽  
Back Face ◽  
Helmet Design

Combat helmet protection zone parametric design is presented for small arms and explosive device ballistic threat notional spatial distributions. The analysis is conducted using a computer aided design software application developed to evaluate ballistic threats, helmet design parameters, and a standard set of common brain injuries associated with head impacts. The analysis helps to define the helmet trade space, facilitates prototyping, and supports helmet design optimization. Direct head impacts and helmet impacts, with and without helmet back face contact to the head, are tabulated. Head strikes are assumed to produce critical or fatal penetrating injuries. Helmet back face deflections and impact generated projectile-helmet-head motions are determined. Helmet impact obliquity is accounted for by attenuating back face deflection. Head injury estimates for ten common focal and diffuse head injuries are determined from the back face deflections and the head injury criteria. These, in turn, are related to the abbreviated injury score and associated radiographic dimensional diagnostic criteria and loss of consciousness diagnostic criteria from the trauma literature.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Head Injury during Backward Fall with Side Aligning of the Body

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8239
Author(s):  
Andrzej Mroczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Training Simulator ◽  
Physical Education Students ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: The aim of this article is to investigate the susceptibility to head injuries in physical education students who do not train a specific sports discipline and those who use the fall performed backward with side aligning of the body technique. The other goal is the biomechanical analysis of the impact of the fall technique on the likelihood of head injury. (2) Methods: the study included 57 students, divided into two research groups. Group A consisted of 32 students who had not practiced any sport in a sports club before. Group B consisted of 25 students who, by practicing martial arts, had acquired the skill of the fall performed backward with side aligning of the body. A rotating training simulator (RTS) was used to force the fall backwards. (3) Results: students from group B made significantly fewer “head” errors when falling backwards than in group A. Increasing the speed of falling did not increase the number of “head” errors in group B, but only in group A. The type of the fall test performed affected the increase in the number of “head” errors only in group A. (4) Conclusions: practicing selected sports disciplines in which the fall backwards occurs can protect one against head injuries by acquiring appropriate motor habits. The use of the fall performed backward with side aligning of the body technique with the occurrence of horizontal inertia forces causing a fall reduces the risk of head injuries.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE IMPACTABSORPTION PROPERTIES OF RUBBER TILES FOR THE PLAYGROUND

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI-TUNG CHANG ◽  
KUEN-HORNG TSAI ◽  
JIN-SHAN SHIAU
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Peak Acceleration ◽  
Critical Height ◽  
Shock Absorption ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Absorption ◽  
Base Structure

Rubber tiles are popular in playgrounds as protective surfacing to reduce the incidence of head injuries caused by children falling from equipment. However, Taiwan has not yet established a test code for assessment of the shock-absorption properties of such surfacing. For this study, an experimental model was established to evaluate the behavior of various rubber tiles. A hemispherical headform was dropped from a set height to strike the center of the specimen tile. The peak acceleration and Head Injury Criterion (HIC) were measured to assess the impact absorption of and critical height for a given rubber tile. The results show that utilization of the HIC index provides a more conservative assessment of the shock absorption and, ultimately, protection from head injuries than peak acceleration. The maximum critical heights of the rubber tiles used in this study for tile thicknesses of 45, 60 and 80 mm were 1.6, 2.0 and 2.2 m, respectively. Two-part rubber tiles with a base structure consisting of a box-like core offer superior protection from head injuries relative to analogous cylindrical, square pillar and solid structures. The maximum differences in peakacceleration and HIC values comparing the box-like core and solid structures at a thickness of 45 mm were 21% and 44%, respectively. The results of this study suggest a minimum of rubber thickness of 60 mm, based on probable maximum fall heights of more than 1.6 m. Moreover, incorporation of an appropriate cushioning structure in the base of the rubber tile could further improve protection.

The impact of posttraumatic seizures on 1-year neuropsychological and psychosocial outcome of head injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Haltiner ◽  
Nancy R. Temkin ◽  
H. Richard Winn ◽  
Sureyya S. Dikmen
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Psychosocial Outcome ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Head Injury Severity ◽  
Posttraumatic Seizures

AbstractThis study examined the relationship of posttraumatic seizures and head injury severity to neuropsychological performance and psychosocial functioning in 210 adults who were prospectively followed and assessed 1 year after moderate to severe traumatic head injury. Eighteen percent (n = 38) of the patients experienced 1 or more late seizures (i.e., seizures occurring 8 or more days posttrauma) by the time of the 1-year followup. As expected, the head injured patients who experienced late posttraumatic seizures were those with the most severe head injuries, and they were significantly more impaired on the neuropsychological and psychosocial measures compared to those who remained seizure free. However, after the effects of head injury severity were controlled, there were no significant differences in neuropsychological and psychosocial outcome at 1 year as a function of having seizures. These findings suggest that worse outcomes in patients who develop posttraumatic seizures up to 1 year posttrauma largely reflect the effects of the brain injuries that cause seizures, rather than the effect of seizures. (JINS, 1996, 2, 494–504.)

scholarly journals Medical Cost and Motorcycle Helmet Law in Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chin-Shyan Chen ◽  
Tsai-Ching Liu
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Motorcycle Helmet ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to examine whether the implementation of the helmet law had reduced the likelihood of head injury and the associated medical cost in Taiwan. Data were taken from the 1996 and 1998 population-based data. In total, 888,179 and 921,058 effective samples were used in the study from the two years. Two different types of regression model were adopted to evaluate the impact of the motorcycle helmet use law on incidences of head injury and associated medical cost and hospital length of stay. The results reveal that medical cost is down by 11.5 percent and hospital LOS has fallen by 18.58 percent. Thus, with the introduction of the motorcycle helmet use law having had a demonstrably positive influence on motorcycle head injuries and fatalities, significant savings are clearly being achieved, not only in terms of economic and social costs, but also with regard to medical cost.

scholarly journals Computational ballistic analysis of the cranial shot to John F. Kennedy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Then
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Supersonic Speed ◽  
Fracture Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Speed Impact ◽  
Bullet Fragmentation ◽  
The Impact

Almost 60 years after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963 the majority of Americans are still reluctant to believe the official reports of commissions from 1964 and again in 1976 that determined the direction of the shot resulting in the fatal head injury. Long-withheld, confidential government files released in 2017 reignited the controversy.The present investigation computationally simulated projectile-skull impacts from the direction specified in official reports and from three other directions. Detailed geometric models of the human head and ammunition, as well as known parameters from the assassination site served as the supportive base for analysis. Constitutive mathematical models for the impact of projectile material with skull tissues at supersonic speed were employed to analyze bone and bullet fragmentation mechanics. Simulated fracture characteristics of the bone and the bullet were compared with photographic and X-ray evidence. The most likely origin of the fatal shot was determined based on the degree of corresponding deformation and fragmentation between simulation and documented evidence. Computational corroboration could be established as physically consistent with high-speed impact from the rear, as established by the official commissions. Simulations of three other speculative shot origins did not correspond to the documented evidence.

scholarly journals Case Report: Two cases of rare head injuries from Nepal

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1483
Author(s):  
Joe M. Das ◽  
Apar Pokharel ◽  
Rashmi Sapkota ◽  
Manish Mishra ◽  
Ashish Babu Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
First Case ◽  
Aged Woman ◽  
The Face ◽  
Middle Aged Woman ◽  
The Impact

Background: There are a number of ways in which one can sustain a head injury. Even if you are doing simple household activities or going out for a morning walk, you cannot be sure of what type of injury awaits you. The source of injury may be a pressure cooker whistle acting as a projectile or a hailstone falling from the sky. Such injuries are common in Nepal, considering the socio-demographic and geographic conditions. In this article, we present two such very rare cases of head injury. Case Reports: The first case is a middle-aged woman who sustained an accidental injury to the face associated with fracture of frontal sinus and frontal contusion, following the impact from a high momentum projectile in the form of the pressure regulator of a pressure cooker. She underwent craniotomy and removal of the foreign body. In the second case, an elderly man sustained minor injury to the head following the fall of hail. The abrasions and contusions produced by the hail were managed conservatively. Since he did not have any clinical evidence of head injury, other than multiple abrasions with contusions in the scalp, he did not undergo any imaging studies. He did not have any neurological deficits. The postoperative period was uneventful for the first patient and she was followed up for one month. The second patient was lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Successful management of two very rare cases of head injuries from Nepal are reported. Proper care and maintenance of the house-hold utensils that are constantly used may protect people from head injuries.  Though natural calamities cannot always be avoided, simple measures like using an umbrella while going outdoors may protect individuals from head injuries due to hailstones.

scholarly journals The impact of helmet use on oral and maxillofacial injuries associated with electric-powered bikes or powered scooter: a retrospective cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafit Hamzani ◽  
Dror Bar Hai ◽  
Nir Cohen ◽  
Michael J. Drescher ◽  
Gavriel Chaushu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Electric bikes (E-bikes) and powered scooters (P-scooters) have become increasingly popular modes of public transportation, but they have been associated with injuries of all kinds, including dental trauma. Helmet use is promoted as a means of reducing injuries in accidents involving motorized and unmotorized vehicles. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of helmet use on the number and severity of oral and maxillofacial injuries caused by E-bikes and P-scooters. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used. The cohort included all patients referred to the emergency department of a tertiary medical center in 2014–2020 with oral and maxillofacial injuries involving E-bikes or P-scooters. Data were collected from the medical files on demographics, types of injuries, circumstances of occurrence, work-up, treatment, and outcome. Use of a helmet was recorded in each case. Results Of the total 1417 patients referred to the emergency department for E-bike and P-scooter-related trauma, 62 had oral and maxillofacial injuries, including 57 riders and 5 pedestrians. All had hard- or soft-tissue injuries; 20 (32.2%) had head injuries and 22 (35.5%) had dentoalveolar injuries. Eleven riders had worn a helmet at the time of injury (17.7%). Helmet use was associated with time of injury (weekday/weekend, daytime/night-time), type of motorized vehicle (E-bike or P-scooter), head injury, and number of bone fractures. Head injuries occurred more often on the weekend (57.9%) than during the week (20.9%) and were more likely to occur in riders who were not protected by a helmet (37.3% vs 18.2%). Patients who used helmets also had a lower rate of fractured bones (18.2%) and dentoalveolar injuries (23.7%) than patients who did not (68.8 and 37.3%, respectively). Interestingly, helmet use had no protective effect on soft-tissue injuries. Conclusions Helmet use by E-bike and P-scooter riders decreased the probability of head injury and of hard tissue and dentoalveolar injuries. These results may provide guidance for effective legislation and regulation of helmet use and improved treatment protocols for general and dental physicians.

scholarly journals Outcome in elderly individuals with moderate and severe head injury: a tertiary centre experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3509
Author(s):  
Gurusamy Rajasekaran ◽  
Raju Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Early Prediction ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Good Outcome ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background: The prognosis of patients with moderate and severe head injuries is poor in elderly individuals which affects not only their families and also the society. An accurate and early prediction of survival and functional outcome becomes essential and important to decide the aggressiveness of treatment after the informed counseling of relatives. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the age on the outcome of the elderly individual with moderate and severe head injury and to compare it with the outcome of younger age group.Methods: Authors retrospectively evaluated 250 patients with moderate (GCS 9-13) and severe (GCS 3-8) TBI after categorizing them into group A (above 60 years of age) and group B (20-59 years of age). Age, sex, mode of injury, level of consciousness as in GCS, management and CT findings were assessed for outcome and comparisons were made.Results: The mean age for good outcome in elderly group is 66.8 and for bad outcome is 70.1 years. The mean age for good outcome in younger group is 33.2 and for bad outcome is 47.5 years. Elderly patients fare worse in all factors assessed when compared to younger group.Conclusions: Head injuries in old age associated with poor GCS serves as a basis for making early prediction for the likelihood of poor outcome. 

On Identifying Head Injury Family Types

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Kosciulek
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Family Assessment ◽  
Family Assessment Device ◽  
Family Types ◽  
The Impact

Results of an investigation designed to identify family types among a sample of families who have a member with a head injury are presented. Participants were 150 primary caregivers of persons with head injuries recruited through the Wisconsin Brain Trauma Association. Cluster analysis of Family Assessment Device (FAD) data revealed the following family types: (a) un patterned, (b) fragile, (c) pliant, (d) regenerative, and (e) vulnerable. These head injury family types add to our understanding of the impact of head injury on families and provide the basis for examining why some families are better able to manage ihe demands of head injury than others.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document