scholarly journals Aqueous Extracts ofCordyceps kyushuensisKob Induce Apoptosis to Exert Anticancer Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Zhao ◽  
Xing-hui Yu ◽  
Guo-ying Zhang ◽  
Hai-ying Zhang ◽  
Wei-wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Death Receptor ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Intrinsic Apoptosis ◽  
Hoechst 33258 ◽  
Cell Shrinkage ◽  
Dna Ladder ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Induce Cell Apoptosis

Cancer has become the leading cause of mortality since 2010 in China. Despite the remarkable advances in cancer therapy, a low survival rate is still a burden to the society. The antineoplastic activity of aqueous extracts ofCordyceps kyushuensisKob (AECK) was measured in this study. Results showed that AECK can significantly inhibit the proliferation and viability of U937 and K562 when treated with different concentrations of AECK, and the IC50values of U937 and K562 were 31.23 μg/ml and 62.5 μg/ml, respectively. Hoechst 33258 staining showed that AECK could cause cell shrinkage, chromatin, condensation, and cytoplasmic blebbing, and DNA ladder experiment revealed the evident feature of DNA fragmentation which showed that AECK could induce cell apoptosis. Moreover, AECK gave rise to intrinsic apoptosis through increasing the amount of Ca2+and downregulating the expression of Bcl-2. Meanwhile, the level of Fas death receptor was elevated which indicated that AECK could lead to exogenous apoptosis in U937. The expressions of oncogene c-Myc and c-Fos were suppressed which manifested that AECK could negatively regulate the growth, proliferation, and tumorigenesis of U937 cells. This research presented the primary antitumor activity of AECK which would contribute to the widely use ofCordyceps kyushuensisKob as a functional food and medicine.

scholarly journals Mechanism of apoptosis induced by quinoxalone from the myxobacterium Stigmatella eracta WXNXJ-B in B16 mouse melanoma cell line

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahong Wang ◽  
Lanlan Wei ◽  
Shuaiying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dna Ladder ◽  
Mouse Melanoma ◽  
B16 Mouse Melanoma

The biological activities of quinoxalone, a novel small molecular substance isolated from the broth of the myxobacterium Stigmatella eracta WXNXJ-B, was investigated. This study was designed to determine the anti-proliferative, apoptotic property of quinoxalone, using B16 mouse melanoma cells as a model system. The results showed that quinoxalone has antitumor activity and can significantly inhibit the proliferation of B16 cells. The extent and the timing of apoptosis were strongly dependent on the dose. After treating with quinoxalone and staining with Hoechst 33342, B16 cells showed typical apoptotic morphological features such as chromatin condensation by fluorescent microscopy. DNA isolated from B16 cells cultured with quinoxalone showed a typical DNA ladder of apoptosis in agarose gel electrophoresis. Further investigation results showed that the apoptotic machinery of B16 induced by quinoxalone was associated with drop in mitochondrial membrane potential from 5.35% to 23.7%, up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 in a dose-dependent manner. And a significant increased activation of caspase-3. Our finding suggests that quinoxalone could suppress the growth of B16 cells and reduces cell survival via disturbing mitochondrial membrane potential and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of programmed cell death

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-158
Author(s):  
Abdu-Alhameed A Ali Azzwali ◽  
 Azab Elsayed Azab
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Cell Shrinkage ◽  
Membrane Blebbing ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
Nuclear Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Dependent Pathway

The present review aims to spotlight on the mechanisms and stages of programmed cell death. Apoptosis, known as programmed cell death, is a homeostatic mechanism that generally occurs during development and aging in order to keep cells in tissue. It can also act as a protective mechanism, for example, in immune response or if cells are damaged by toxin agents or diseases. In cancer treatment, drugs and irradiation used in chemotherapy leads to DNA damage, which results in triggering apoptosis through the p53 dependent pathway in cancer treatment, drugs and irradiation used in chemotherapy leads to DNA damage, which results in triggering apoptosis through the p53 dependent pathway. Corticosteroids can cause apoptotic death in a number of cells. A number of changes in cell morphology are related to the different stages of apoptosis, which includes nuclear DNA fragmentation, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and the formation of apoptotic bodies. There are three pathways for apoptosis, the intrinsic (mitochondrial) and extrinsic (death receptor) are the two major paths that are interlinked and that can effect one another. Conclusion: It can be concluded that apoptosis is a homeostatic mechanism that generally occurs during development and aging in order to keep cells in tissue. Drugs and irradiation used in chemotherapy leads to DNA damage, which results in triggering apoptosis through the p53 dependent pathway. The apoptosis, stages are includes nuclear DNA fragmentation, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and the formation of apoptotic bodies. There are three pathways for apoptosis.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Functional Food Regulations in Japan and Globally

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Mohamed Farid ◽  
Kota Kodama ◽  
Teruyo Arato ◽  
Takashi Okazaki ◽  
Tetsuaki Oda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Food Regulations

Since its inception in Japan, functional food has continued to deliver a true added value to a wide spectrum of customers, especially in aging subpopulations. Japanese companies have strong "R&D" capabilities and strong know-how in the field of functional foods. They have the opportunity to grow overseas by promoting and marketing their products. The main challenge is to understand the foreign markets and their regulations to be able to promote Japanese products overseas. To achieve this goal, the study reports a scientific review of the relevant literature and official legislative reports published by the authorized entities in several countries to create a comparison between the rules and regulations in different countries such as China, the European Union, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States. The study results provide suggestions for entry strategies to recommended foreign markets based on regulatory situations. The study also provides a comparison for the different functional food regulations in Japan (FOSHU, FNFC, FFC), along with an introduction for the new local government certification system.

scholarly journals Activating Death Receptor DR5 as a Therapeutic Strategy for Rhabdomyosarcoma

ISRN Oncology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Kang ◽  
Shi-Yong Sun ◽  
Liang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Death Receptor ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Intrinsic Apoptosis ◽  
Extrinsic Pathway ◽  
Aggressive Management ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Extrinsic Apoptosis ◽  
Recombinant Trail

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. It is believed to arise from skeletal muscle progenitors, preserving the expression of genes critical for embryonic myogenic development such as MYOD1 and myogenin. RMS is classified as embryonal, which is more common in younger children, or alveolar, which is more prevalent in elder children and adults. Despite aggressive management including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the outcome for children with metastatic RMS is dismal, and the prognosis has remained unchanged for decades. Apoptosis is a highly regulated process critical for embryonic development and tissue and organ homeostasis. Like other types of cancers, RMS develops by evading intrinsic apoptosis via mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. However, the ability to induce apoptosis via the death receptor-dependent extrinsic pathway remains largely intact in tumors with p53 mutations. This paper focuses on activating extrinsic apoptosis as a therapeutic strategy for RMS by targeting the death receptor DR5 with a recombinant TRAIL ligand or agonistic antibodies directed against DR5.

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic activity of rhizome extracts of Imperata cylindrical against alloxan-induced Diabetes Mellitus in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2704-2709
Author(s):  
Ranjana Kohli ◽  
Madan L Kaushik ◽  
Jai Parkash Kadian ◽  
Bhupendra Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Study Results

The anti-diabetic effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Imperata cylindrical  rhizomes was investigated in alloxan-induced diabeties in rats. Diabetes was induced by a single 150 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of alloxan. Rats were divided into five groups with six rats in each group i.e. the normal control group, diabetic control group, standard group (glibenclamide, 10mg/kg, p.o.), Test-I group (200 mg/kg ethanolic extract) and Test-II group (200 mg/kg aqueous extract). The above concerned groups were inoculated on 21st day. On the last day of the experiment, fasted rats were killed by cervical dislocation. The body weight was measured at the initial day and final day. The blood samples were collected for estimation of glucose. The loss of body weight in control group, but recovery was observed in drug treated group. The serum glucose level was significant increased in diabetic rats. However, significant improvement was observed in treated group. The biochemical parameters such as HDL and proteins level were decreased in the control group but maintained in drug treated group. LDL, cholesterol, triglyceride creatinine and urea were significant increase in control group however, reduced level in drug treated group. The present study concluded that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of I. cylindrical  rhizome showed an appreciable effect in reducing the hyperglycemia and the complications associated with diabetes. However, aqueous extract is found more significant in decreasing blood glucose level in comparison to the ethanolic extract. The study results justify the traditional use of the plant as anti-diabetic.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF GRACILARIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
CHALINI K. ◽  
JOHNSON M. ◽  
ADAIKALARAJ G. ◽  
VIDYARANI GEORGE ◽  
RAMAKRISHNAN P.
Keyword(s):  
Gracilaria Verrucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Gracilaria Edulis ◽  
Gracilaria Corticata ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: In the present investigation an attempt was made to examine the anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous extracts of Gracilaria salicornia C. Ag., Gracilaria edulis (Gmelin) Silva, Gracilaria corticata J. Ag., Gracilaria fergusonii J. Ag.,and Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfus from Mandapam, Gracilaria edulis (Gmelin) Silva., Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfus from Pulicate Lake, Gracilaria fergusonii J. Ag., Gracilaria corticata J. Ag. and Gracilaria corticata J. Ag. var. cylindrica from Tuticorin using heat induced haemolysis of RBC. In addition, the present study is focused to reveal the locality specific anti-inflammatory activities of selected Gracillaria species.Methods: The fresh seaweeds were boiled with distilled water (1:20 W/V) for 2 h. The slurry was filtered through Whatman No. 41 filter paper and condensed. The semi-solid crude extracts were used for anti-inflammatory analysis.Results: An aqueous extracts of studied Gracilaria species were effective in inhibiting the heat induced haemolysis at different concentrations. The results showed the dose dependent protection. The percentage of anti-inflammatory activity of studied Gracillaria was varied from 43.81 to 95.55. The highest percentage (95.55%) of activity was observed in 250 µg/ml of G. edulis aqueous extracts. The anti-inflammatory activity of studied Gracillaria species at 250 µg/ml were as follows G. edulis (Mandabam)>G. corticata (Mandabam)>G. verucosa (Mandabam)>G. salicornia (Mandabam)>G. ferugosonii (Tuticorin)>G. ferugosonii (Mandabam)>G. edulis (Pulicate)>G. corticata (Tuticorin)>G. verucosa (Pulicate)>G. corticata var. cylindrica (Tuticorin).Conclusion: The results of the present study clearly explained the anti-inflammatory potential of the studied Gracillaria species. The aqueous 0extracts of Gracillaria collected from Mandapam showed the highest percentage of protection activity. This study results confirm the existence of active principle responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity. Further studies are required to isolate the active principles without any side effects.

Ammonia-induced apoptosis is accelerated at higher pH in gastric surface mucous cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (4) ◽  
pp. G986-G995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Suzuki ◽  
Akinori Yanaka ◽  
Takeshi Shibahara ◽  
Hirofumi Matsui ◽  
Akira Nakahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Nuclear Chromatin ◽  
Gastric Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Cell Shrinkage ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Gastric luminal ammonia produced by Helicobacter pylori has been shown to cause gastric mucosal injury. This study was conducted to examine the mechanisms by which gastric luminal ammonia causes apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells. Monolayers of GSM06 cells, developed from murine gastric surface mucous cells, were cultured in the absence or presence of 10–30 mM NH4Cl at ambient pH of 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0. In the presence of luminal NH4Cl, GSM06 cells showed 1) cell shrinkage and nuclear chromatin condensation, 2) DNA fragmentation into oligonucleosomes, 3) leakage of cytochrome c into cytosolic fraction without affecting bax expression, and 4) increases in activity of caspases-3 and -9. These changes were accentuated when the cells were cultured at pH 7.0. In the absence of NH4Cl, none of these changes was detected at any pH examined. These results suggest that gastric luminal ammonia, at concentrations detected in H. pylori-infected subjects, induces apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells by release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, followed by activation of caspases-9 and -3, especially at higher ambient pH.

scholarly journals Altered Cellular Responses by Varying Expression of a Ribosomal Protein Gene: Sequential Coordination of Enhancement and Suppression of Ribosomal Protein S3a Gene Expression Induces Apoptosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honami Naora ◽  
Izumi Takai ◽  
Masakazu Adachi ◽  
Hiroto Naora
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Ribosomal Protein Gene ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Cell Shrinkage ◽  
Nih 3T3

A growing body of evidence indicates that individual ribosomal proteins and changes in their expression, participate in, and modulate, a variety of cellular activities. Our earlier studies have found that apoptosis could be induced by inhibiting expression of ribosomal protein S3a (RPS3a) in many tumor cells which constitutively express RPS3a at levels much higher than in normal cells. This study aimed to investigate cellular responses to enhancement of RPS3a expression, and whether apoptosis could be induced by sequential alterations in RPS3a expression involving enhancement from an initially low constitutive level, followed by suppression. Stably transfected NIH 3T3– derived cell lines were established in which exogenous RPS3a expression could be readily manipulated. Enhancement of RPS3a expression appeared to induce transformation as assessed by well-established criteria such as foci formation and anchorage-independent growth in vitro, and formation of tumors in nude mice. These properties were compared with those observed in ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. Apparent transformation occurred only when enhanced RPS3a-expressing cells were in close cell–cell contact. Suppression of enhanced RPS3a expression was observed to induce apoptosis as assessed by various morphological and biochemical characteristics including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclear and cell fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. This induction of apoptosis was not specific to apparently transformed cells, as cells at low confluence, which likewise expressed RPS3a at enhanced levels but exhibited no morphological transformation, underwent apoptosis when RPS3a expression was inhibited. These results support a role for RPS3a in the apoptotic process, but not as an oncoprotein per se.

scholarly journals Apoptotic-induced Effects of Castanea sativa Bark Extract in Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Santulli ◽  
Claudia Brizi ◽  
Miriam Durante ◽  
Matteo Micucci ◽  
Roberta Budriesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Cell Shrinkage ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
G1 Cells

Castanea sativa Mill. wood extract (ENC) has health-promoting qualities such as antibacterial, antiviral, antispasmodic, cardio- and neuroprotective-activities. Its potential towards cancer cells of the central nervous system, however, is still unexplored. This study investigates the apoptotic-enhancing effect of ENC in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. This extract irreversibly decreased cell viability with IC50 of 142.8±20.2, 109.3±16.6 and 82.5±8.6 μg/mL for 24h, 48 and 72h of treatment, respectively. This was accompanied by cell shrinkage and tendency to round-up. A concentration-dependent increase in sub G0/G1 cells as well as a rise in cells with nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation, both typical of apoptosis, was also observed. In conclusion, the present findings provide initial data on the potential of ENC for neuroblastoma treatment and offer the rationale for further studies aimed at elucidating the full mechanism(s) underlying its effects.

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