scholarly journals Comparison of Anthropometric Parameters after Ultralow Anterior Resection and Abdominoperineal Resection in Very Low-Lying Rectal Cancers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jun Woo Bong ◽  
Seok-Byung Lim ◽  
Jong Lyul Lee ◽  
Chan Wook Kim ◽  
Yong Sik Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Abdominoperineal Resection ◽  
Anterior Resection ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Anal Verge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Ultralow Anterior Resection ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Rectal Cancers

Background and Aim. Ultralow anterior resection (uLAR) is a sphincter-saving procedure for very low-lying rectal cancers. This procedure, however, has complications related to defecation which can aggravate the patient’s quality of life postoperatively. In this study, we compared the anthropometric and nutritional parameters after uLAR and abdominoperineal resection (APR). Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who underwent either uLAR or APR in 2012 for rectal cancers within 3 cm from the anal verge. Data including body weight, body mass index (BMI), levels of total protein, albumin, and hemoglobin and lymphocyte count were analyzed. We compared the changes of these parameters before operations to 3 years after discharge between uLAR and APR groups by ANOVA for repeated measures and Bonferroni comparison method. Results. After 3 years of discharge, the body weight and BMI of the APR group were fully recovered to the preoperative levels; however, those of the uLAR group did not. The hemoglobin level in the APR group was recovered to the preoperative level within 3 months of discharge; however, that in the uLAR group was recovered after 1 year of discharge. Conclusions. Recovery of anthropometric and nutritional status of patients was more stable after APR than after uLAR. These findings might indirectly reflect the low anterior syndrome effect of uLAR and help colorectal surgeons in selecting better surgical methods and in better counseling patients with very low-lying rectal cancer.

scholarly journals Effects of Triphala on Lipid and Glucose Profiles and Anthropometric Parameters: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2110110
Author(s):  
Wiraphol Phimarn ◽  
Bunleu Sungthong ◽  
Hiroyuki Itabe
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters

Aim. The efficacy of triphala on lipid profile, blood glucose and anthropometric parameters and its safety were assessed. Methods. Databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Thai Library Integrated System (ThaiLIS) were systematically searched to review current evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCT) on triphala. RCTs investigating the safety and efficacy of triphala on lipid profile, blood glucose and anthropometric parameters were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by 2 authors. Results. Twelve studies on a total of 749 patients were included. The triphala-treated groups showed significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride in 6 studies. Five RCTs demonstrated triphala-treated groups led to statistically significant decrease in body weight, body mass index and waist circumference of obese patients. Moreover, triphala significantly decreased fasting blood glucose level in diabetic patients but not in people without diabetes. No serious adverse event associated with triphala was reported during treatment. Conclusions. This review summarized a current evidence to show triphala might improve the lipid profile, blood glucose, the body weight, body mass index and waist circumference under certain conditions. However, large well-designed RCTs are required to confirm this conclusion.

Body Composition Modifications Due to the “Search, Rescue and Survival Training” in Male Military Firefighter Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Ramos de Barros ◽  
Verônica Pinto Salerno ◽  
Thalita Ponce ◽  
Míriam Raquel Meira Mainenti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Fat Percentage

ABSTRACT Introduction To train and prepare cadets for a career as firefighters in Rio de Janeiro, the second-year students of the Officers Training Course are submitted to a Search, Rescue, and Survival Training (SRST) course, which is characterized by long periods of high physical exertion and sleep restriction during a 9-day instruction module, and food restriction during a 7-day survival module. The present study investigated changes in the body composition of 39 male cadets submitted to SRST during training and 4 weeks of recovery with no restrictions in food consumption. Materials and Methods Each cadet was evaluated by anthropometric measurements at six time points: pre-SRST; after the first module; after the second module; and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of recovery. Measurements included body girths and skinfolds, to estimate trunk (chest and waist) and limbs (arm and thigh) dimensions, as well as body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were applied (depending on each data distribution). Results Statistically significant decreases in body weight (76.2; 69.8-87.2 to 63.9; 58.9-73.5 kg) and fat free mass (FFM, 69.2; 63.7-77.2 to 60.1; 56.2-68.0 kg) were observed following the second module of SRST. Following a single week of recovery, the FFM returned to pre-SRST values. Body weight returned to pre-training levels in 2 weeks. Body fat percentage and mass also significantly decreased during SRST (9.0; 7.7-12.3 to 6.5; 5.1-9.3% and 6.9; 5.6-10.0 to 6.9; 5.6-10.0 kg, respectively), which showed a slower and more gradual recovery that reached pre-SRST values after 4 weeks. The girths of arm, thigh, chest and waist significantly decreased due to SRST. The girths of the limbs (arm and thigh) returned to pre-training values after one month of recovery, while the girths of the trunk (chest and waist) did not return to pre-SRST values during the study period. Conclusions The findings suggest that men who experience periods of high energy demands and sleep restriction followed by a period of food restriction will endure unavoidable physical consequences that can be mostly reversed by a 1-month recovery.

Therapeutic non-contraceptive properties of the drug containing ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg and drospirenone 3 mg

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Natalia V Artymuk ◽  
Olga A Tachkova
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Prescribing Information

Aim. To compare effects of the drug containing ethinylestradiol (EE) 0.03 mg and drospirenone (DRSP) 3 mg and the drug containing EE 0.02 mg and DRSP 3 mg on the skin and anthropometric parameters. Materials and methods. A prospective comparative randomized study included 40 women of reproductive age who didn’t have contraindications to use of combined oral contraceptive (COCs). The first group consisted of 20 women who were administrated EE 0.03 mg and DRSP 3 mg in the 21/7 regimen according to a prescribing information; the 2nd group included 20 patients who were administrated EE 0.02 mg and DRSP 3 mg in the 24/4 regimen according to a prescribing information. The study protocol included 8 visits: at the 0th visit, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated, at the 1st visit patient were randomized (envelope method) to receive one or another drug, at the 2nd - 7th visits (once a month) blood pressure was measured, anthropometric parameters were determined including body weight, height, waist, hips as well as body mass index, a degree of hirsutism (with Ferriman-Gallwey scale), skin and hair skin oiliness, acne (with a 10-point visual scale) were evaluated. Results. The use of EE 0.03 mg and DRSP 3 mg for 6 months did not significantly affect the body weight and body mass index, waist and hips. In the 6th month, the use of EE 0.03 mg and DRSP 3 mg lead to a statistically significant decrease in skin oiliness, severity of acne and hirsutism, which was comparable to a clinical effectiveness of EE 0.02 mg and DRSP 3 mg. Conclusions. EE 0.03 mg and DRSP 3 mg has a similar effect on skin oiliness, severity of acne and hirsutism with EE 0.02 mg and DRSP 3 mg, without significantly affecting the main anthropometric parameters. It is likely that the effect of DRSP-containing COCs on androgen levels and adipose tissue is due precisely to the effect of DRSP, and not to the dose of EE.

scholarly journals The influence of modifications in the intestinal microbiota composition on changes in anthropometric parameters in people with excessive body weight

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 913-923
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Banach ◽  
Paweł Glibowski
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Excessive Body Weight ◽  
Food Residues

Obesity is a chronic disease, which is often accompanied by disorders of the carbohydrates and lipid metabolism, as well as metabolic complications concerning the circulatory system. It is a disorder of homeostasis of energy transformation, caused by excessive supply of energy contained in food which exceeds the needs of the body, consequently leading to increased storage of excess kilocalories in the form of adipose tissue. The incidence of obesity in the world has more than doubled between 1980 and 2014 and currently affects more than 600 million people. This is primarily due to increased food availability, a sedentary lifestyle, as well as a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet. These facts are a consequence of socio-economic changes which took place in recent decades. One of the factors that can play an important role in the prevention of obesity or reduction of excessive body weight is the modification of intestinal microbiota composition. Recent studies have shown that a diverse, properly functioning microbiota secures the adequate use of energy supplied with food and suitable storage in the body. Probiotic bacteria can contribute to weight loss in two ways. First of all, microbiota of people characterized by the correct quantitative and qualitative composition is much more energy-efficient and contributes to the increased excretion of undigested food residues as compared to the microbiome of people diagnosed with intestinal dysbiosis. Weight reduction due to taking probiotics may also be related to its effect on the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the organism. This article reviews the current clinical studies on the potential relationship between intestinal microbiota and changes in anthropometric parameters concerning people with excessive body weight.

scholarly journals Malignant Melanoma of Anorectum: Two Case Reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Binh Van Pham ◽  
Jae Hyun Kang ◽  
Huynh Huu Phan ◽  
Min Soo Cho ◽  
Nam Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Abdominoperineal Resection ◽  
Anterior Resection ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The Other ◽  
Postoperative Chemotherapy ◽  
Rare Disorder ◽  
Benign Diseases ◽  
Ultralow Anterior Resection ◽  
Almost All

Malignant melanoma of the anorectum is a rare disorder. Patients often present with local symptoms similar to benign diseases. The prognosis is very poor, and almost all patients die because of metastases. We report 2 female patients with unremarkable histories. Both of them received previous operations before visiting our center after they were diagnosed with anorectal malignant melanoma. One case underwent abdominoperineal resection and postoperative chemotherapy. The other had been treated with ultralow anterior resection followed by immunotherapy.

7. Frontal Plane Knee Loading during Bodyweight Squat Performance: Effects of Stance Width and Foot Rotation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kingston
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Squat Exercise

The bodyweight squat is routinely used for conditioning of the knee musculature. In the performance of this exercise, modifications in the initial standing position may result in altered frontal plane kneel loading, and hence may potentially be used for targeted exercise prescription. The purpose of this study is to quantify the frontal plane mechanical loading on the knee joint whilst performing the bodyweight squat exercise, and to examine the effects of varying stance width and foot rotation angle. Twenty-four participants (14 males) performed 4 randomized sets of 8 repetitions of the body weight resistant squat exercise in the following conditions: 1) Shoulder width (SW) stance with parallel feet; 2) SW stance with feet externally rotated 30°; 3) 140% SW stance with parallel feet, and; 4) 140% SW stance with the feet externally rotated by 30°. The adduction/abduction knee joint moment experienced across conditions was calculated using inverse dynamics procedures. Moment waveforms were subjected to Principal Component (PC) analysis, with 3 PC’s retained based on a 90% trace criteria. Following, a 1-way repeated measures ANOVA and pair wise comparisons were used to discern differences between conditions. Omnibus test results indicate significant differences across conditions for PC1 and PC2 (p<0.01), Post hoc comparisons and waveform interpretation of PC1 extreme scores showed that the magnitude of the adduction moment was higher throughout the movement in the foot rotated conditions vs. the parallel feet conditions in both stance widths (mean Z scores .69 & .65 vs. -.88 & -.45, p<0.01, respectively). For PC2, significant differences were found between the 2 parallel feet conditions and the 2 foot rotated conditions, as well as between the foot conditions in the wide stance squats. PC2 differences were interpreted as phase shift operators. We found that modification of foot rotation slightly alters the magnitude and timing of knee adduction moment component during performance of the body weight squat. The observed magnitude differences are presumably a consequence of alteration in the location of the point of application of the ground reaction force during the initial standing posture. The findings may assist clinicians in exercise prescription decision making.

scholarly journals Force on the sacrococcygeal and ischial areas during posterior pelvic tilt in seated posture

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Kemmoku ◽  
Katsuro Furumachi ◽  
Tadashi Shimamura
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Ischial Tuberosity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Seated Posture

Background: Most posture problems encountered in persons who use wheelchairs in a seated posture for extended periods are related to sacral sitting due to posterior pelvic tilt. Posterior pelvic tilt places pressure and shearing force on the sacrococcygeal area that can lead to pressure ulcers, but the relationship between pelvic tilt and force applied to the sacrococcygeal and ischial tuberosity areas has not yet been investigated. Objective: To investigate the relationships of posterior pelvic tilt in a seated posture with vertical force and horizontal force on the sacrococcygeal and ischial tuberosity areas. Study Design: Repeated measures design. Methods: Thirty male and female subjects aged ≥60 years sat in a measurement chair at varying pelvic tilt angles, and force on the sacrococcygeal and ischial tuberosity areas was measured. Results: The pressure on the sacrococcygeal area increased with pelvic tilt in all subjects, with vertical force averaging 19% of the body weight at a pelvic tilt angle of 30°. The horizontal force on the sacrococcygeal area increased in 93% of the subjects, with an average increase equal to 3% of the body weight. Conclusions: We confirmed changes in vertical and horizontal forces on the sacrococcygeal and ischial tuberosity areas with a change in seated posture (pelvic tilt). Clinical relevance: We propose guidelines for rehabilitation practitioners working with wheelchair users to suggest improved ways of sitting in wheelchairs that avoid pelvic tilt angles that might promote pressure ulcers on the buttocks.

scholarly journals Rates of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in St. Petersburg: assessment of the risks of developing metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
D. O. Ivanov ◽  
Y. P. Uspensky ◽  
N. V. Baryshnikova ◽  
D. V. Zakharov ◽  
Y. V. Sousova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Institution ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters

Background. It is known that the earlier a persons body weight exceeds the normal range, the metabolic disorders associated with obesity will form at an earlier age. The progressive increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in different countries is primarily associated with the so-called human risk factors, which include: physical inactivity, excessive consumption of food rich in fats and carbohydrates, stress, smoking. In this regard, it is extremely important to regularly monitor the body weight of children and adolescents in order to early identify a tendency to increase body weight for the making recommendations for maintaining weight within the normal range. Aim. To evaluate the frequency of obesity and overweight in children, adolescents and adults from among the residents of St. Petersburg, to conduct a comparative assessment of the data obtained. Materials and methods. The work was attended by students of St. Petersburg schools (children and adolescents) and patients (adults) who are being treated in St. Petersburg State Medical Institution Elizavetinskaya Hospital. The sample was random: when collecting data from children and adolescents, data from one of the classes in each parallel from 4th to 11th grade were taken into account, when collecting data from adults 2 people from each ward of the gastroenterology department of the St. Petersburg State Medical Institution Elizavetinskaya Hospital. Data collection was carried out in the period: AugustDecember 2020. Statistical processing was performed out using the computer software package SPSS 8.0. Estimation of anthropometric parameters (age, body weight, height) and calculation of body mass index (BMI) were performed in 74 children (age 912 years), 137 adolescents (age 1318 years) and 55 adults (mean age 49.12 17.03). Results. An increase in body weight was detected in 6.8% of children (5.4% overweight and 1.4% obese of the 1st degree), 14.6 % of adolescents (11.7% overweight and 2.9% obese of the 1st degree) and 62% of adults (36% overweight, 13% obese of the 1st degree, 7% obese of the 2nd degree, 6% obese of the 3rd degree). During the correlation analysis, it was observed that the proportion of overweight people in the observed age categories increased with age (p 0.05). Conclusions. Overweight and obesity begin to be detected already in children, in a fairly large percentage of cases already occur in adolescents and are observed in more than half of the adults surveyed in St. Petersburg. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out activities among parents of preschoolers and schoolchildren, as well as, if possible, the children themselves, to form motivation to maintain a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent the early development of overweight.

Is metformin effective to prevent weight gain associated with risperidone?

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1713-1713
Author(s):  
F. Farshidfar ◽  
N. Koleini ◽  
M. Sadramely
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Metformin Treatment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measure Analysis

To evaluate the effect of metformin treatment on the risperidone-induced body weight gain in patients.In a 12-weeks, double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized trial between October 2006 and October 2007 which was conducted in the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Consultation Center of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 49 patients were entered the study with schizophrenia diagnosis. Then metformin (500 mg bid) or placebo was administrated with risperidone (6 mg) for the patients. Weight, height, and body mass index BMI were measured at the beginning, at 4 weeks, and at 12 weeks of the study. Changes in weight and BMI were evaluated by using repeated measures analysis of variance.Seventeen patients were excluded from the study. Repeated measure analysis of variances showed a significant difference between weight and BMI in both metformin (p < 0.001, p < 0.015) and placebo group (p < 0.013, p < 0.005).Metformin treatment did not show a significant effect to control the body weight of patients after 12 weeks.

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