Plasmapheresis for Spur Cell Anemia in a Patient with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis

Background. Spur cell anemia (SCA) is a cause of hemolytic anemia in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Because dyslipidemia is related to the development of spur cells, SCA was previously treated with plasmapheresis. Case Report. A 52-year-old Japanese man with SCA associated with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (Child–Pugh C) underwent two rounds of plasmapheresis. Clinical features and serum lipid concentrations were compared before and after plasmapheresis. Although indirect hyperbilirubinemia and SCA persisted after plasmapheresis, reticulocyte counts significantly decreased from 22.4% to 4.5%, and Hb levels improved without red cell transfusions. Analysis of lipids showed that total and free cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, phospholipid, and apo-AI concentrations, all of which were reduced before plasmapheresis, had improved after treatment, while LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), and apo-AII concentrations, which were also reduced before plasmapheresis, remained unchanged. Conclusions. Despite plasmapheresis partially ameliorating the degree of hemolysis, the persistence of SCA may have been linked with the lack of improvement in certain types of lipid metabolism.

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CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID EXCHANGE CHANGES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN COMBINATION WITH OBESITY USING ADEMETHIONINE, ARGININE GLUTAMATE AND ROSUVASTATIN

Art of Medicine ◽

10.21802/artm.2020.4.16.56. ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 56-62

Author(s):

N. R. Matkovska ◽

N. H. Virstiuk ◽

I. O. Kostitska

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Meld Score ◽

Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Significant Deterioration ◽

Fat Depots ◽

Hepatocyte Damage ◽

Basic Treatment

Abstract. In Ukraine, among the causes of death because of digestive tract diseases, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has the second place. Due to the significant prevalence of obesity and the growing incidence of ALD, methods are being sought to prevent the progression of the pathological process in the liver, the occurrence of complications and to improve the quality of life of such patients. The aim of the study: to examine the effect of complex treatment with ademethionine, arginine glutamate and rosuvastatin on changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) in combination with obesity. Methods. The study included 156 patients diagnosed with ALC in combination with obesity, including 18 women and 138 men aged (45.3±8.9) years and a median duration of disease (5.1±2.8) years. Patients were divided into subgroups depending on the stage of Child-Pugh decompensation and depending on the applied treatment. Results. At the stage of decompensation, lipid metabolism and leptin levels were low, which indicates the depletion of body fat depots as the disease progresses. It may be due to the progression of the liver dysfunction, as it is actively involved in regulating the formation, destruction and accumulation of fats. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in patients with ALC in combination with obesity were characterized by a significant increase in IRI, HOMA-IR index and a decrease in the QUICKI index, indicating the presence of insulin resistance (p<0.05). In determining the adipocytokine values, it was found that in decompensated liver function, the leptin rates decreased and the levels of adiponectin increased. Higher leptin content in the stage of compensation and subcompensation is also associated with increased secretion of adipose tissue. At the stage of decompensation, fat depots are depleted, so leptin levels are reduced. This decrease is directly related to the Child-Pugh and MELD scores. Adiponectin levels were decreased in the stage of compensation and increased with the progression of the disease and correlated with disease severity and the MELD score. It is thought that an increased adiponectin level indicates the level of anti-inflammatory reaction in response to hepatocyte damage. Significant deterioration in carbohydrate metabolism, adiponectin and leptin in patients receiving basic treatment was accompanied by deterioration of their condition and increased the risk of 3-month mortality. After the course of treatment in patients of group receiving ademethionine, arginine, glutamate and rosuvastatin at the stage of compensation and subcompensation, the rates of lipid, carbohydrate metabolism, adiponectin and leptin significantly improved and differed from those in patients receiving basic treatment and combination of basic treatment, ademethionine and arginine glutamate (p<0.05). At the stage of decompensation in the scheme with the inclusion of rosuvastatin it was possible to normalize the levels of HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, atherogenic coefficient and leptin, reduce the levels of adiponectin, IRI, HOMA-IR, HbA1c and increase the QUICKI index, which was accompanied by a decrease in Child-Pugh severity score and 3 month mortality MELD score. Conclusions. In patients with ALC in combination with obesity, the inclusion in the treatment of ademethionine, arginine glutamate and rosuvastatin helps to improve the course of the disease according to the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, Child-Pugh and MELD scores.

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Identification of six novel susceptibility loci for dyslipidemia by longitudinal exome-wide association studies in Japanese

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3756 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

M Oguri ◽

K Kato ◽

H Horibe ◽

T Fujimaki ◽

J Sakuma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Lipid ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Association Studies ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Susceptibility Loci ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Genome Wide

Abstract Background The circulating concentrations of triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol have a substantial genetic component. Although previous genome-wide association studies identified various genes and loci related to plasma lipid levels, those studies were conducted in a cross-sectional manner. Purpose The purpose of the study was to identify genetic variants that confer susceptibility to hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia in Japanese. We have now performed longitudinal exome-wide association studies (EWASs) to identify novel loci for dyslipidemia by examining temporal changes in serum lipid profiles. Methods Longitudinal EWASs (mean follow-up period, 5 years) for hypertriglyceridemia (2056 case, 3966 controls), hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia (698 cases, 5324 controls), and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (2769 cases, 3251 controls) were performed with Illumina Human Exome arrays. The relation of genotypes of 24,691 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that passed quality control to dyslipidemia-related traits was examined with the generalized estimating equation (GEE). To compensate for multiple comparisons of genotypes with each of the three conditions, we applied Bonferroni's correction for statistical significance of association. Replication studies with cross-sectional data were performed for hypertriglyceridemia (2685 cases, 4703 controls), hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia (1947 cases, 6146 controls), and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (1719 cases, 5833 controls). Results Longitudinal EWASs revealed that 30 SNPs were significantly (P<2.03 × 10–6 by GEE) associated with hypertriglyceridemia, 46 SNPs with hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, and 25 SNPs with hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. After examination of the relation of identified SNPs to serum lipid profiles, linkage disequilibrium, and results of the previous genome-wide association studies, we newly identified rs74416240 of TCHP, rs925368 of GIT2, rs7969300 of ATXN2, and rs12231744 of NAA25 as a susceptibility loci for hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia; and rs34902660 of SLC17A3 and rs1042127 of CDSN for hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. These SNPs were not in linkage disequilibrium with those previously reported to be associated with dyslipidemia, indicating independent effects of the SNPs identified in the present study on serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol in Japanese. According to allele frequency data from the 1000 Genomes project database, five of the six identified SNPs were monomorphic or rare variants in European populations. In the replication study, all six SNPs were associated with dyslipidemia-related phenotypes. Conclusion We have thus identified six novel loci that confer susceptibility to hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia or hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. Determination of genotypes for these SNPs at these loci may prove informative for assessment of the genetic risk for dyslipidemia in Japanese. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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Increased serum cholesterol and long-chain fatty acid levels are associated with the efficacy of nivolumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy ◽

10.1007/s00262-021-02979-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Masato Karayama ◽

Naoki Inui ◽

Yusuke Inoue ◽

Katsuhiro Yoshimura ◽

Kazutaka Mori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Small Cell ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Long Chain

Abstract Background Lipids have immunomodulatory functions and the potential to affect cancer immunity. Methods The associations of pretreatment serum cholesterol and long-chain fatty acids with the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in 148 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received nivolumab. Results When each lipid was separately evaluated, increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (P = 0.014), total cholesterol (P = 0.007), lauric acid (P = 0.015), myristic acid (P = 0.022), myristoleic acid (P = 0.035), stearic acid (P = 0.028), linoleic acid (P = 0.005), arachidic acid (P = 0.027), eicosadienoic acid (P = 0.017), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (P = 0.036), and behenic acid levels (P = 0.032) were associated with longer PFS independent of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Meanwhile, increased LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001), HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.009), total cholesterol (P = 0.036), linoleic acid (P = 0.014), and lignoceric acid levels (P = 0.028) were associated with longer OS independent of PD-L1 expression. When multiple lipids were evaluated simultaneously, LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.003), HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.036), and lauric acid (P = 0.036) were independently predictive of PFS, and LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.008) and HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.031) were predictive of OS. ORR was not associated with any serum lipid. Conclusions Based on the association of prolonged survival in patients with increased serum cholesterol and long-chain fatty acid levels, serum lipid levels may be useful for predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

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Effect of the periparturient period on serum lipid and cholesterol lipoprotein concentrations in goats (Capra hircus)

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.2011.032 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 445-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ewa Skotnicka ◽

Zbigniew Muszczyński ◽

Maria Suska

Keyword(s):

Serum Lipid ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Capra Hircus ◽

Low Density ◽

Total Lipids ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Periparturient Period

Blood samples were taken from 12 goats during the periparturient period (4 and 1 weeks before and 2, 10 and 30 days after delivery), and from 10 nonpregnant goats. The following variables were determined: total lipids (TL), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TCH) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol fractions. One week before delivery TL (2.32 ± 0.12 g/l, P ≤ 0.05), TG (0.32 ± 0.16 mmol/l, P ≤ 0.001) and TCH concentrations (1.65 ± 0.42 mmol/l, P ≤ 0.05) were significantly increased as compared to non-pregnant goats (2.08 ± 0.28 g/l, 0.15 ± 0.05 mmol/l, 1.38 ± 0.19 mmol/l, respectively). After delivery, the concentrations of TL, TG, TCH and HDL decreased significantly. The lowest TG concentration was observed 2 days after delivery (0.18 ± 0.02 mmol/l), while TL (1.73 ± 0.21 g/l), TCH (0.95 ± 0.21 mmol/l) and HDL (0.74 ± 0.16 mmol/l) reached the lowest level 10 days after delivery. Two days after delivery a significant increase of LDL concentration was observed (0.38 ± 0.04 mmol/l); however, ten days after delivery a threefold decrease was shown in the LDL concentration (0.12 ± 0.04 mmol/l). A month after delivery all the variables studied reached levels similar to those measured in non-pregnant goats.

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Plasma PCSK9 Concentrations Correlate with LDL and Total Cholesterol in Diabetic Patients and Are Decreased by Fenofibrate Treatment

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2007.099747 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 1038-1045 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

Gilles Lambert ◽

Nicolas Ancellin ◽

Francesca Charlton ◽

Daniel Comas ◽

Julia Pilot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Sandwich Elisa ◽

Ldl Receptor ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Plasma Triglycerides ◽

Fenofibrate Treatment ◽

Before And After ◽

Fenofibrate Intervention

Abstract Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) promotes the degradation of the LDL receptor (LDLr) in hepatocytes, and its expression in mouse liver has been shown to decrease with fenofibrate treatment. Methods: We developed a sandwich ELISA using recombinant human PCSK9 protein and 2 affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies directed against human PCSK9. We measured circulating PCSK9 concentrations in 115 diabetic patients from the FIELD (Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes) study before and after fenofibrate treatment. Results: We found that plasma PCSK9 concentrations correlate with total (r = 0.45, P = 0.006) and LDL (r = 0.54, P = 0.001) cholesterol but not with triglycerides or HDL cholesterol concentrations in that cohort. After 6 weeks of treatment with comicronized fenofibrate (200 mg/day), plasma PCSK9 concentrations decreased by 8.5% (P = 0.041 vs pretreatment). This decrease correlated with the efficacy of fenofibrate, as judged by a parallel reduction in plasma triglycerides (r = 0.31, P = 0.015) and LDL cholesterol concentrations (r = 0.27, P = 0.048). Conclusions: We conclude that this decrease in PCSK9 explains at least in part the LDL cholesterol–lowering effects of fenofibrate. Fenofibrate might be of interest to further reduce cardiovascular risk in patients already treated with a statin.

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Effects of Hamo NK hard capsule on serum lipid profiles in dyslipidemia experimental animals

Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học ◽

10.52852/tcncyh.v141i5.217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 141 (5) ◽

pp. 10-18

Author(s):

Pham Thuy Phuong ◽

Pham Quoc Binh ◽

Dinh Thi Hong Minh ◽

Tran Thi Thu Hien ◽

Nguyen Trong Thong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Lipid ◽

Therapeutic Strategy ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Poloxamer 407 ◽

Control Group ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Daily Dose ◽

Previously Treated ◽

Cholesterol Control

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Polyherbal formulation is a traditional therapeutic strategy used to treat dyslipidemia over many years of tradition. The aim of this study was designed to evaluate the effects of Hamo NK hard capsule on endogenous dyslipidemia and exogenous dyslipidemia experimental animal model. In endogenous hyperlipidemia model, mice were previously treated by Hamo NK hard capsule, and intraperitoneally injected by poloxamer - 407 to induce hyperlipidemia. Rats were oral administration of oil - cholesterol mixture and Hamo NK for 4 consecutive weeks (exogenous dyslipidemia). Parameters of serum lipid were determined. Hamo NK ameliorated the elevation of serum total cholesterol, Non - HDL - cholesterol at the daily dose of 1.5g/kg b.w (p < 0.05). Also, there was no signicant difference in increase on high - density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and decrease triglyceride levels between the groups. Hamo NK at two doses of 0.25g/kg b.w and 0.75g/kg b.w significantly reduced serum LDL - C levels compared to the cholesterol control group. Hamo NK hard capsule affected on serum lipid modulations in dyslipidemia models.

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Complex lipid-lowering treatment options in patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2011.29036 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 152 (8) ◽

pp. 296-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Győző Dani ◽

László Márk ◽

András Katona

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Target Values ◽

History Of ◽

Lipid Parameters

Authors aimed to assess how target values in serum lipid concentrations (LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride) can be achieved in patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome during follow up in an outpatient cardiology clinic. Methods: 201 patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome were included and were followed up between January 1 and May 31, 2007.Authors analyzed serum lipid parameters of the patients and the lipid-lowering medications at the time of the first meeting and during follow up lasting two years. Results: During the enrollment visit only 26.4% of the patients had serum LDL cholesterol at target level, whereas high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol levels were observed in 40.3% and 33.3% of the patients, respectively. Only 22 patients (10.9%) achieved the target levels in all three lipid parameters. Of the 201 patients, 179 patients participated in the follow up, and data obtained from these patients were analyzed. There was a positive trend toward better lipid parameters; 42.5% of the patients reached the desired LDL-cholesterol target value and 17.3% of the patients had HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides target values. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with those published in the literature. Beside the currently used therapeutic options for achieving optimal LDL-cholesterol, efforts should be made to reduce the so-called “residual cardiovascular risk” with the use of a widespread application of combination therapy. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 296–302.

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Human cholesteryl ester transfer protein measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with two monoclonal antibodies against rabbit cholesteryl ester transfer protein: plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein and lipoproteins among Japanese hypercholesterolemic patients

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/44.7.1466 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 44 (7) ◽

pp. 1466-1473 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Kanna Sasai ◽

Kuniko Okumura-Noji ◽

Takeshi Hibino ◽

Reiko Ikeuchi ◽

Nagahiko Sakuma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Cholesteryl Ester ◽

Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Transfer Protein ◽

Plasma Cholesteryl Ester ◽

Luminal Stenosis ◽

Before And After

Abstract Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) concentrations were measured in Japanese subjects by an ELISA with two different monoclonal antibodies that were raised against rabbit CETP and cross-reacted against human CETP. Among 63 patients who consecutively underwent coronary angiography, the plasma CETP of 37 patients with luminal stenosis ≥50% in their coronary arteries was not significantly different from that of the 26 patients with luminal stenosis <50%. No other lipoprotein-related measurement except HDL-cholesterol differentiated the two groups. Among 40 hypercholesterolemic patients, no lipoprotein-related measurement other than LDL-cholesterol was found to positive correlate with the CETP. Before and after the treatment of 23 patients with simvastatin 5 mg a day for 4 weeks, plasma CETP markedly decreased in those whose pretreatment CETP was ≥3 mg/L; no change was observed for those with lower pretreatment CETP. In the former group, negative correlation between CETP and HDL-cholesterol was demonstrated only in the posttreatment plasma.

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Study of Lipid Profile in Shift Workers

Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist ◽

10.3329/jbsp.v2i0.982 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 34-37

Author(s):

Md Abedur Rahman ◽

Md Ruhul Amin ◽

Momotaj Begum ◽

Firoza Khatun ◽

Montasir Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Shift Workers ◽

Shift Worker ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Apparently Healthy

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the changes of serum lipid profile in apparently healthy shift workers and non shift workers to identify the possible high risk factors for developing atherosclerotic changes. Methods: Serum Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol levels were estimated and blood pressure was measured in apparently healthy adult shift worker and non shift worker participants. Total 60 subjects age ranged from 20-50 years were selected, of whom 30 were shift workers (Study) for at least one year and 30 were non shift workers (control). Height, weight and resting blood pressure of all the subjects were recorded before collection of blood. Blood samples were collected after over night fasting for estimation of serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and were measured by standard laboratory technique. Data were analyzed by unpaired ‘t' test. Results: The mean serum Total Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol levels were significantly higher in shift workers compared to those of non shift workers. Again mean serum Triglyceride and HDL-Cholesterol levels in the shift workers did not differ significantly from that of non shift workers. These changes may be related to internal desynchronization due to disruption of circadian rhythm. Conclusion: The changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels with the exception of HDL-Cholesterol and Triglyceride in the subjects engaged in shift work may put them at increased risk for coronary artery disease. Keywords: Circadian Rhythm; Lipid Profile; Shift-work DOI:10.3329/jbsp.v2i0.982 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2007 Dec;(2): 34-37.

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Intake of Palm Olein and Lipid Status in Healthy Adults: A Meta-Analysis

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmy122 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 647-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Phooi Tee Voon ◽

Sin Tien Lee ◽

Tony Kock Wai Ng ◽

Yen Teng Ng ◽

Xiou Shuang Yong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Palm Olein ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cholesterol Ratio ◽

Dietary Oils

ABSTRACT It is not clear whether a saturated fatty acid–rich palm olein diet has any significant adverse effect on established surrogate lipid markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We reviewed the effect of palm olein with other oils on serum lipid in healthy adults. We searched in MEDLINE and CENTRAL: Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1975 to January 2018 for randomized controlled trials of ≥2 wk intervention that compared the effects of palm olein (the liquid fraction of palm oil) with other oils such as coconut oil, lard, canola oil, high-oleic sunflower oil, olive oil, peanut oil, and soybean oil on changes in serum lipids. Nine studies were eligible and were included, with a total of 533 and 542 subjects on palm olein and other dietary oil diets, respectively. We extracted and compared all the data for serum lipids, such as total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and TC/HDL cholesterol ratio. When comparing palm olein with other dietary oils, the overall weighted mean differences for TC, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and the TC/HDL cholesterol ratio were −0.10 (95% CI: −0.30, 0.10; P = 0.34), −0.06 (95% CI: −0.29,0.16; P = 0.59), 0.02 (95% CI: −0.01, 0.04; P = 0.20), 0.01 (95% CI: −0.05, 0.06; P = 0.85), and −0.15 (95% CI: −0.43, 0.14; P = 0.32), respectively. Overall, there are no significant differences in the effects of palm olein intake on lipoprotein biomarkers (P > 0.05) compared with other dietary oils. However, dietary palm olein was found to have effects comparable to those of other unsaturated dietary oils (monounsaturated fatty acid– and polyunsaturated fatty acid–rich oils) but differed from that of saturated fatty acid–rich oils with respect to the serum lipid profile in healthy adults.

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