scholarly journals Nanovectors Design for Theranostic Applications in Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Rampado ◽  
Sara Crotti ◽  
Paolo Caliceti ◽  
Salvatore Pucciarelli ◽  
Marco Agostini
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Biomedical Scientist ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Field Of Inquiry ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Viability Evaluation

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a diffused disease with limited therapeutic options, none of which are often curative. Based on the molecular markers and targets expressed by the affected tissues, numerous novel approaches have been developed to study and treat this disease. In particular, the field of nanotechnology offers an astonishingly wide array of innovative nanovectors with high versatility and adaptability for both diagnosis and therapy (the so called “theranostic platforms”). However, such complexity can make the selection of a specific nanocarrier model to study a perplexing endeavour for the biomedical scientist or clinician not familiar with this field of inquiry. This review offers a comprehensive overview of this wide body of knowledge, in order to outline the essential requirements for the clinical viability evaluation of a nanovector model in CRC. In particular, the differences among the foremost designs, their specific advantages, and technological caveats will be treated, never forgetting the ultimate endpoint for these systems development: the clinical practice.

scholarly journals Antibody-Based Immunotoxins for Colorectal Cancer Therapy

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729
Author(s):  
Laura Sanz ◽  
Raquel Ibáñez-Pérez ◽  
Patricia Guerrero-Ochoa ◽  
Javier Lacadena ◽  
Alberto Anel
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Advanced Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Target Cancer

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are included among the treatment options for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, while these mAbs effectively target cancer cells, they may have limited clinical activity. A strategy to improve their therapeutic potential is arming them with a toxic payload. Immunotoxins (ITX) combining the cell-killing ability of a toxin with the specificity of a mAb constitute a promising strategy for CRC therapy. However, several important challenges in optimizing ITX remain, including suboptimal pharmacokinetics and especially the immunogenicity of the toxin moiety. Nonetheless, ongoing research is working to solve these limitations and expand CRC patients’ therapeutic armory. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of targets and toxins employed in the design of ITX for CRC and highlight a wide selection of ITX tested in CRC patients as well as preclinical candidates.

scholarly journals What Do Meditators Do When They Meditate? Proposing a Novel Basis for Future Meditation Research

Mindfulness ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Matko ◽  
Ulrich Ott ◽  
Peter Sedlmeier
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Contemplative Practices ◽  
Comprehensive List ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vast Range ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Objectives Meditation is an umbrella term for a vast range of contemplative practices. Former proposals have struggled to do justice to this variety. To our knowledge, there is to date no comprehensive overview of meditation techniques spanning all major traditions. The present studies aimed at providing such a comprehensive list of meditation techniques. Methods In a qualitative study, we compiled a collection of 309 meditation techniques through a literature search and interviews with 20 expert meditators. Then, we reduced this collection to 50 basic meditation techniques. In a second, quantitative study, 635 experienced meditators from a wide range of meditative backgrounds indicated how much experience they had with each of these 50 meditation techniques. Results Meditators’ responses indicated that our choice of techniques had been adequate and only two techniques had to be added. Our additional statistical and cluster analyses illustrated preferences for specific techniques across and within diverse traditions as well as sets of techniques commonly practiced together. Body-centered techniques stood out in being of exceptional importance to all meditators. Conclusions In conclusion, we found an amazing variety of meditation techniques, which considerably surpasses previous collections. Our selection of basic meditation techniques might be of value for future scientific investigations and we encourage researchers to use this set.

scholarly journals AKT3 Expression in Mesenchymal Colorectal Cancer Cells Drives Growth and Is Associated with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
Joyce Y. Buikhuisen ◽  
Patricia M. Gomez Barila ◽  
Arezo Torang ◽  
Daniëlle Dekker ◽  
Joan H. de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
High Propensity ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cells ◽  
Epithelial Compartment ◽  
Selection Of

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease that can currently be subdivided into four distinct consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) based on gene expression profiling. The CMS4 subtype is marked by high expression of mesenchymal genes and is associated with a worse overall prognosis compared to other CMSs. Importantly, this subtype responds poorly to the standard therapies currently used to treat CRC. We set out to explore what regulatory signalling networks underlie the CMS4 phenotype of cancer cells, specifically, by analysing which kinases were more highly expressed in this subtype compared to others. We found AKT3 to be expressed in the cancer cell epithelium of CRC specimens, patient derived xenograft (PDX) models and in (primary) cell cultures representing CMS4. Importantly, chemical inhibition or knockout of this gene hampers outgrowth of this subtype, as AKT3 controls expression of the cell cycle regulator p27KIP1. Furthermore, high AKT3 expression was associated with high expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes, and this observation could be expanded to cell lines representing other carcinoma types. More importantly, this association allowed for the identification of CRC patients with a high propensity to metastasise and an associated poor prognosis. High AKT3 expression in the tumour epithelial compartment may thus be used as a surrogate marker for EMT and may allow for a selection of CRC patients that could benefit from AKT3-targeted therapy.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-Assisted Hormone Cell Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Resistance

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Crescenzo Massaro ◽  
Elham Safadeh ◽  
Giulia Sgueglia ◽  
Hendrik G. Stunnenberg ◽  
Lucia Altucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Substantial Progress

Despite substantial progress in cancer therapy, colorectal cancer (CRC) is still the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, mainly due to the acquisition of resistance and disease recurrence in patients. Growing evidence indicates that deregulation of hormone signaling pathways and their cross-talk with other signaling cascades inside CRC cells may have an impact on therapy resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small conserved non-coding RNAs thatfunction as negative regulators in many gene expression processes. Key studies have identified miRNA alterations in cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and assessment of miRNAs role in hormone signaling pathways in CRC drug resistance and their potential as future targets for overcoming resistance to treatment.

A Contingency Perspective on Effective Prototyping

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Oscar Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Linear Problem ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
Social Mechanism ◽  
Contingency Perspective ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Selection Of

Current demands on prototyping emphasize increasingly complex and dynamic applications that require sophisticated social mechanism and process enablers. However, much of the emphasis placed today in systems development under prototyping focuses on the supporting technology. The imbalance between product and process perspectives under this approach is explored. A view of prototyping effectiveness is presented in terms of non-linear problem solving, adequate technical and procedural solutions, and organizational support. Implications of this view are presented on the selection of prototyping techniques and on project management concerns. Future developments in prototyping practice are explored.

scholarly journals Bevacizumab in neoadjuvant treatment of patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Ivan Nikolic ◽  
Svetlana Pavin ◽  
Biljana Kukic ◽  
Bogdan Bogdanovic ◽  
Miroslav Ilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Hepatic Metastases ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Liver metastases are the leading cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer. Despite advances in chemotherapy, surgical resection of hepatic metastases is still considered the only curative options. However, the majority of patients have inoperable disease at presentation. Perioperative chemotherapy is the most successful way for improved selection of patients for resection. The aim of the study was to demonstrate if and to what extent does bevacizumab, introduced in chemotherapy, increase response rates, and development of liver metastases. Methods: Our study included 50 patients who were divided in two groups. The experimental group included patients who were treated with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy, and the control group included patients who were treated with chemotherapy only. Results: The comparison showed that the patients who were treated with bevacizumab became candidates for resection of liver metastases in higher percentage (85%:52%). In addition, distribution of patients regarding the development of metastases resulted in statistically significant difference. Ratio between the patients with good response from the experimental and the control group was 67%:39%. Ratio of patients with stable disease was 26%:48%, and of patients with progressive disease, it was 7%:3%. The estimate of margin after resection was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy in therapy of liver metastases from primary colorectal cancer improves and increases response rates and development of liver metastases.

scholarly journals Sobre una caracterización 'corbuseriana' del mobiliario moderno

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Villanueva Fernández ◽  
Héctor García-Diego
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Modern Equipment ◽  
The Real ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

Resumen: A partir de 1920 Le Corbusier comenzó a elaborar un cuerpo teórico sobre el diseño de objetos que iría difundiendo a través de sus escritos y conferencias. Libros como Vers une architecture, L´art décoratif d´aujourd´hui o Précisions sur un état présent de l'architecture et de l'urbanisme han constituído un rico legado de ideas e imágenes interrelacionadas que permiten analizar la propuesta del arquitecto desde el plano de la teoría. Sin embargo, el poder de sus postulados fue continuamente experimentado y corroborado por su obra en materia de mobiliario, hasta el punto de establecerse relaciones directas entre teoría y obra. Esta evolución conjunta proporciona una completa visión del concepto de mobiliario moderno desarrollado por Le Corbusier. Por tanto, esta investigación persigue, por un lado, sacar a la luz un verdadero cuerpo teórico de cuño 'corbuseriano' y específico del equipamiento moderno, haciendo especial mención a los postulados y dibujos originales del arquitecto y, por otro, comprobar la correspondencia real entre sus teorías y sus obras mediante el análisis de una escogida selección de obras del arquitecto pertenecientes al periodo de entreguerras, para, finalmente, ofrecer una caracterización 'corbuseriana' del mobiliario moderno. Abstract: From 1920 Le Corbusier began to develop a theoretical body on the objects design that went spreading through his writings and lectures. Books like Vers une architecture, L'art décoratif d'aujourd'hui or Précisions sur un état présent de l'architecture et de l'urbanisme have constituted a rich legacy of interlinked ideas and images to analyze the proposal of the architect from the level of theory. However, the power of its principles was continuously experienced and corroborated by his work in furniture, to the point of establishing direct relations between theory and work. This joint development provides a comprehensive overview of modern furniture concept developed by Le Corbusier. Therefore, this research aims on the one hand, to expose a 'Corbusian' and specific theoretical body of modern equipment, with special reference to the principles and original drawings by the architect; and, secondly, to check the real correspondence between his theories and works by analyzing a choice selection of works by the architect belonging to the interwar period, to finally offer a 'Corbusian' characterization of modern furniture.Palabras clave: Teoría; mobiliario; moderno; escritos. Keywords: Theory; furniture; modern; writings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.569 

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