scholarly journals Negotiation for Time Optimization in Construction Projects with Competitive and Social Welfare Preferences

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfeng Meng ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Jianguo Du ◽  
Huimin Liu ◽  
Xiang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
Time Optimization ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Negotiation Success

Construction time optimization is affected greatly by the negotiation between owners and contractors, whose progress is dictated by their desire to maximize system revenues. This paper builds an agent-based model and designs an experimental scenario in which the contractor has competitive and social welfare preferences relevant to the Chinese context; we subdivide competitive preference into greed and jealousy components and subdivide social welfare preference into generosity and sympathy components. We analyze the impacts of these different contractor preferences on the revenue-sharing coefficient, negotiation success rate, and negotiation time when negotiation reaches agreement. The results show that the jealousy component of competitive preference has an important influence on improving the income of the subject, while the greed component does not significantly enhance the revenue-sharing coefficient. The sympathy component of social welfare preference does not have an influence on the revenue-sharing coefficient no matter the strength of the generosity component. Increasing the greed component of competitive preference will lead to the extension of negotiation time and, to a certain extent, to the reduction of the negotiation success rate; the sympathy component of social welfare preference does not have an influence on negotiation time no matter the strength of the generosity preference.

scholarly journals The Complexity and Simulation of Revenue Sharing Negotiation Based on Construction Stakeholders

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfeng Meng ◽  
Jingxian Chen ◽  
Kun Qian
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Inequity Aversion ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Moderate Range

This paper focuses on the complexity characteristics of a stakeholder’s revenue sharing for time compression in construction projects, such as adopting a life cycle perspective, the preferences of stakeholders, and the adaptability behaviors in the negotiation process. We build an agent-based model on revenue sharing negotiation. Considering that the agents who are in a weak position not only care about their own benefits but also compare their benefits to others, we design an experimental scenario where a contractor has fairness preference based on China’s reality. According to different sympathy and envy coefficients, we can divide the inequity aversion preference into three typical types, and we research how a contractor’s different types of inequity aversion preferences impact revenue sharing coefficient of agreements, results of successful negotiations, and efficiency in negotiations. Results are as follows: it is advantageous for a contractor to maintain a modest inequity aversion for their own earnings and the degree of sympathy preference in inequity aversion has an important impact on the time to reach consensus while the degree of jealousy preference has no obvious effect. If contractors’ sympathy preference is maintained within a moderate range, it will achieve a higher success rate of negotiations in the negotiation process; the success rate of negotiation is affected largely by the agents’ sympathy preference, though it is also influenced by the jealousy preference, but it is not very sensitive.

scholarly journals Coordinating Manipulation in Real-time Interactive Mechanism of College Admission: Agent-Based Simulations

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lan Hou ◽  
Tao Jia ◽  
Xiangbing Wang ◽  
Tongkui Yu
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
College Admission ◽  
Stage Number ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Based Simulations ◽  
The University

The matching in college admission is a typical example of applying algorithms in cyberspace to improve the efficiency of the corresponding process in physical space. This paper studies the real-time interactive mechanism (RIM) recently adopted in Inner Mongolia of China, where students can immediately observe the provisional admission results for their applications and are allowed to modify the application before the deadline. Since the universities accept the applications according to the ranking of the scores, RIM is believed to make the competition more transparent. However, students may coordinate to manipulate this mechanism. A high-score student can perform a last-minute change on the university applied, opening a slot for a student with a much lower score. With agent-based simulations, we find that a large portion of students will choose to perform coordinating manipulation, which erodes the welfare and fairness of society. To cope with this issue, we investigate the Multistage RIM (MS-RIM), where students with different ranges of scores are given different deadlines for application modification. We find that the multistage policy reduces the chance of manipulation. However, the incentive to conduct manipulation is increased by a higher success rate of manipulation. Hence, the overall social welfare and fairness are further diminished under MS-RIM with a small number of stages, but are improved if the stage number is large.

Statistical Evaluation for claims and disputes in construction contracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Raid Saleem Abd Ali ◽  
Nooran kanaan Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Construction Contracts ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Price Schedule ◽  
Questionnaire Form ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost

This research aims to diagnose and identify the causes of claims and disputes between the contractor and the employer, also review the methods used to resolve disputes in construction contracts. In order to achieve the goal of the research, scientific methodology is followed to collect information and data on the subject of claims and disputes in construction projects in Iraq through personal interviews and questionnaire form. The most important results in this research are: the price schedule contract as a kind of competitive contracts is the most important and guarantee for the completion of minimum level of claims and disputes with relative importance of (84.1), compared with the (cost plus a percentage of the cost contract) as a kind of negotiating contracts is the most relative importance of (79.6), and the turnkey contract as a kind of special contracts is the most relative importance of (74.2). The  contractor and  his agents are one of the most influence sources in occurring claims and disputes in construction contracts with relative importance of (77.4) followed by the contract documents with relative importance of (74.2) and then the employer with relative importance of (73.2). In addition to the long period of litigation and the multiplicity of veto grades are most negative when contractual disputes have resolved by it, and with relative importance of (86), followed by the large number of issues and lack of efficiency and specialty of Judges with relative importance (78.4). Finally, the direct negotiation method (relative importance of 77) is one of the most friendly settlement ways favored by conflicted parties, while the resolution of disputes and claims board (relative importance of 10) occupied the last rank in the friendly settlement ways.

The Chinese Face of Jesus Christ

2021 ◽  
pp. 446-462
Author(s):  
Roman Malek
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
The Future ◽  
Chinese Religions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Chinese Face ◽  
Historical Nature ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

Jesus Christ has been the subject of manifold and intensive reflection in the Chinese context and has shown various faces. The essay surveys the innumerable works of biblical, apologetical, catechetical, liturgical, general theological, literary, and art-historical nature on Jesus Christ covering the periods from Tang and Yuan dynasties (seventh–ninth centuries and twelfth–fourteenth centuries) to the “Cultural Revolution” (1966–1976). The essay observes how various Chinese portraits of Jesus Christ engage with Chinese religions, and how the Chinese context limited the possibilities for the unfolding of a specific face and image of Jesus much more than other Asian and Western contexts. It raises the question of the future: Which faces and images of Jesus Christ will the Chinese context still generate? In this vast part of Asia, will he remain a vox clamantis in deserto?

scholarly journals Delay and cost overrun in road construction projects in Jordan

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Al-Hazim ◽  
Zaydoun Abusalem
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Cost Overrun ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to identify the most important factors that cause delay in road construction projects in Jordan, which results in cost and time overrun allocated for this type of engineering projects and cause critical problems for both the developer and the contractor. The gap between the cost at completion and that originally estimated, known as cost overrun, can be regarded as one of the most important parameters reflecting the success of projects. In the public sector, money spent on project change orders results in increased construction time which in return reduces the number and size of the projects that can be completed during any given fiscal year. To achieve this goal, the documents and the final reports for several sample projects implemented over the years 2000 to 2008 were analyzed. All the projects were administered by the same organization taken from Jordan Ministry of Rural and Public Works. The results of this study can assist highway officials in their design, planning, scheduling and projects completions so that necessary actions can be taken to control these overruns in future projects. The study showed that 19 factors might cause delays of road construction projects as defined through a detailed literature review. The analysis of the study indicated that the top causes affecting time and cost overrun in road construction projects in Jordan are Terrain and Weather conditions.

scholarly journals Verdighet og selvbestemmelse – En aktørbasert forestilling om menneskeverdet

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-213
Author(s):  
Sven Arntzen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Rational Agent ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Absolute

Dignity, according to one conception, is the absolute, inherent and inalienable value of every person. There is general agreement that this idea of dignity has a source in Immanuel Kant’s moral philosophy. I argue that Kant formulates what I characterize as an agency or agent based conception of dignity. Persons are bearers of dignity in their capacity as moral subjects and subjects of action. Central here is the idea that a rational agent is the subject of “any end whatsoever” and so must be considered the free cause of actions. Accordingly, to be treated merely as a thing, or “as a means”, is to be treated in a manner incompatible with having and acting for the sake of any end of one’s choosing. Also relevant in this connection is Alan Gewirth’s agency based theories of dignity and of human rights. I then consider this conception of dignity in addressing three ethical issues: to let die or keep alive, assisted suicide, and so-called dwarf-tossing. Finally, I consider challenges to the idea of dignity in general and the agency based conception of dignity in particular.

scholarly journals Rights Of Disabilities To Education, Occupation, Health, Social Welfare, And Accessibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
YOPI HARWINANDA ARDESA
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Section Design ◽  
The Subject

Background: People with disabilities are those with physical or mental limitations in long term. People with disabilities have some rights they deserve such as rights to education, occupation, health, social welfare, and accessibility. Method and Subject: This research was conducted on December 2019, in Colomadu Sub District using questionnaire with cross-section design. The subject used consisted of 23 quadriplegic persons. Result: Out of 23 quadriplegic persons, the result of analysis showed significant score of 0.236 between people with disabilities and right to education, of 0.167 between people with disabilities and right to occupation, of 0.313 between people with disabilities and right to health, of 0.150 between people with disabilities and right to social welfare, and of 0.762 between people with disabilities and right to accessibility, with p > 0.05.  Conclusion: The rights of people with disabilities (disability people) have not been fulfilled yet in Colomadu Sub District.

scholarly journals مولانا سمیع الحق شہیدؒ کی علمی، سیاسی، معاشرتی اور سماجی خدمات

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Dr. Junaid Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Hoti ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Ikramullah
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Western World ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

Mawlānā Sami’-ul-Ḥaq (Shahīd) was a renowned Islamic Scholar, journalist, writer, politician, mujahid, and at the same time he was a wonderful leader and thinker on world affairs. In addition to teaching at the Dārul ‘Ulūm Ḥaqqāniyah Akora Khattak for almost sixty (60) years, he remained in active politics for forty-eight (48) years. He remained so close to the Afghans Jihād that in the Western world he was known as the "Father of the Taliban" and his madrassa as the "University of Jihad." Because of this fame, his academic, social, political, and community services were hidden from view. Due to his commitment to Afghan jihad and being the head of various religious and political movements, he has been the subject of debate in many circles. Questions have been raised about his academic credentials, commitment to the Afghan jihad, success rate in various religious and political movements, and the actual narrative of those movements. In addition to interviewing teachers at Dārul ‘Ulūm Ḥaqqāniyah and the people close to him, his personal writings, books, and articles about him have been used to find answers to all these questions. The study concludes that he was a reformer who played his role very well in different aspects of life.

scholarly journals System parameterization of the budget model of investment construction project

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Sergei Vladimirovch Gorbunov ◽  
Marina Yurievna Mishlanova ◽  
Dmitrii Valer'evich Khavin
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Managerial Accounting ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Budget Model ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
System Variables

This article reviews the definitions of budgeting and budget model, their role in cost management of investment construction projects, and the subject field of budget modeling of a project. The author indicates the relevance of implementation of budgeting in management of investment construction projects, as well as the factors of low efficiency of this process. The subject of this research is the system variables of the budget model: functions, content, structure, levels, quantitative and qualitative indicators, standards, methodological and analytical parameters, and financial modeling processes. The peculiarity of the subject of research lies in systematicity, need for consolidation of budgets in various aspects, and compatibility of the local budget models for creating a reasonably universal system for supporting managerial decision-making. Description is given to the basic methodological provisions of the development of budget models of investment construction projects. This article is first to elaborate on the analytical parameters of budget modeling of investment construction projects, as well indicate various parametric levels in reference to each other. The author develops the financial planning processes and the pattern of project budgeting, as well as adapts the cybernetic principles of “input – output”. It is suggested to use a special accounting scheme in the budget model of the project, which is based on the managerial accounting policy approved by the subject. For achieving compatibility of the methods of financial administration, the author offers to coordinate the cost pool in estimates and budgets, maximal expenditure accounting, reduce scheduling uncertainty, and consider dynamic factors. The budget model is viewed as an input parameter of cost control over the investment construction projects. The vectors of further improvement of budgeting of investment construction projects are proposed.

The Local Economic Impact of Construction Projects in a Small and Relatively Self-contained Economy

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Armstrong ◽  
J. Darrall ◽  
R. Grove-White
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Local Construction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Capital Construction

Whilst the local multiplier impacts of the annual operation of universities has been the subject of intensive research, the economic impacts of capital construction projects have been almost completely ignored. This paper presents the results of detailed analysis of capital projects at Lancaster University in 1993- The reasons for the radically different annual operation and construction multipliers estimated in the Lancaster study are examined. Despite the smaller size of construction multipliers it is argued that it is a serious mistake to estimate local construction multipliers by making simplifying assumptions on the size of the key parameters in the multiplier equations.

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