Evidence of Blood and Muscle Redox Status Imbalance in Experimentally Induced Renal Insufficiency in a Rabbit Model

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by a disturbed redox homeostasis, especially in end-stage patients, which is associated with pathological complications such as anemia, atherosclerosis, and muscle atrophy. However, limited evidence exists about redox disturbances before the end stage of CKD. Moreover, the available redox literature has not yet provided clear associations between circulating and tissue-specific (muscle) oxidative stress levels. The aim of the study was to evaluate commonly used redox status indices in the blood and in two different types of skeletal muscle (psoas, soleus) in the predialysis stages of CKD, using an animal model of renal insufficiency, and to investigate whether blood redox status indices could be reflecting the skeletal muscle redox status. Indices evaluated included reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyls (PC), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Results showed that blood GSH was higher in the uremic group compared to the control (17.50±1.73 vs. 12.43±1.01, p=0.033). In both muscle types, PC levels were higher in the uremic group compared to the control (psoas: 1.086±0.294 vs. 0.596±0.372, soleus: 2.52±0.29 vs. 0.929±0.41, p<0.05). The soleus had higher levels of TBARS, PC, GSH, CAT, and GR and lower TAC compared to the psoas in both groups. No significant correlations in redox status indices between the blood and skeletal muscles were found. However, in the uremic group, significant correlations between the psoas and soleus muscles in PC, GSSG, and CAT levels emerged, not present in the control. Even in the early stages of CKD, a disturbance in redox homeostasis was observed, which seemed to be muscle type-specific, while blood levels of redox indices did not seem to reflect the intramuscular condition. The above results highlight the need for further research in order to identify the key mechanisms driving the onset and progression of oxidative stress and its detrimental effects on CKD patients.

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Buprenorphine and Methadone as Opioid Maintenance Treatments for Heroin-Addicted Patients Induce Oxidative Stress in Blood

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/9417048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christonikos Leventelis ◽

Nikolaos Goutzourelas ◽

Aikaterini Kortsinidou ◽

Ypatios Spanidis ◽

Georgia Toulia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Redox Status ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽

Antioxidant Defence ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Beneficial Action ◽

The Impact

Buprenorphine and methadone are two substances widely used in the substitution treatment of patients who are addicted to opioids. Although it is known that they partly act efficiently towards this direction, there is no evidence regarding their effects on the redox status of patients, a mechanism that could potentially improve their action. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to examine the impact of buprenorphine and methadone, which are administered as substitutes to heroin-dependent patients on specific redox biomarkers in the blood. From the results obtained, both the buprenorphine (n=21) and the methadone (n=21) groups exhibited oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant defence. This was evident by the decreased glutathione (GSH) concentration and catalase activity in erythrocytes and the increased concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls in the plasma, while there was no significant alteration of plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to the healthy individuals (n=29). Furthermore, methadone revealed more severe oxidant action compared to buprenorphine. Based on relevant studies, the tested substitutes mitigate the detrimental effects of heroin on patient redox status; still it appears that they need to be boosted. Therefore, concomitant antioxidant administration could potentially enhance their beneficial action, and most probably, buprenorphine that did not induce oxidative stress in such a severe mode as methadone, on the regulation of blood redox status.

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Effect of Acacia Polyphenol Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice Liver and Skeletal Muscle

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9010029 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 29 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Koichi Yada ◽

Llion Arwyn Roberts ◽

Natsumi Oginome ◽

Katsuhiko Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Protein ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Exhaustive Exercise ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

High Dose ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽

Skeletal Muscle Protein ◽

Exercise Induced

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acacia polyphenol (AP) supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress in mouse liver and skeletal muscle. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver and skeletal muscle levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and levels of skeletal muscle protein carbonyls increased immediately after exhaustive exercise. Exhaustive exercise also decreased liver glutathione (GSH). These results suggest that the exhaustive exercise used in this study induced tissue damage and oxidative stress. Contrary to our expectations, AP supplementation increased plasma AST and alanine aminotransferase activities, liver levels of TBARS, and protein carbonyls. Furthermore, AP supplementation decreased glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver. On the other hand, AP supplementation decreased TBARS levels in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that oral high-dose AP administration decreased oxidative stress in skeletal muscle but induced oxidative stress in the liver and increased hepatotoxicity.

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Acute exercise markedly increases blood oxidative stress in boys and girls

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h06-097 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 197-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Michalis G. Nikolaidis ◽

Antonios Kyparos ◽

Marina Hadziioannou ◽

Neraida Panou ◽

Leonidas Samaras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Maximum Velocity ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Redox Status ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Calculated Effect ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Exercise Induced

This study investigated the effect of an acute swimming protocol on selected blood redox status indices in trained children. Eleven boys and 11 girls (aged 9–11 y) swam 12 bouts of 50 m at a pace corresponding to 70%–75% of the participant’s 50 m maximum velocity, with each bout separated by 1 min rest periods. At rest, no differences in any redox status marker between boys and girls were observed. As compared with the pre-exercise values, significant increases in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls, catalase activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentration, as well as significant decreases in reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and GSH:GSSG, were found post-exercise in both boys and girls. The magnitude of the exercise-induced alterations in the blood redox status based on the calculated effect sizes could be considered large for all parameters in both sexes (median effect size in absolute values was equal to 1.38). The main finding of the present study is that an acute swimming bout at 70%–75% maximum velocity resulted in blood oxidative stress in a similar manner in both trained young boys and girls.

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Redox Status in Women with Rheumathoid Arthritis

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.2478/sjecr-2018-0047 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleksandra Vranic ◽

Aleksandra Antovic ◽

Nevena Draginic ◽

Marijana Andjic ◽

Marko Ravic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Redox Status ◽

Female Population

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess oxidative status and to set baseline characteristics for female population with established rheumatoid arthritis. Total of 42 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 48 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Clinical examination was performed and assessed disease activity. Peripheral blood samples were used for all the assays. The markers of oxidative stress were assessed, including plasma levels of index of lipid peroxidation - thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radical, nitrites and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione levels as antioxidant parameters. In the patients group, levels of hydrogen peroxide and index of lipid peroxidation were higher than in controls. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity compared to healthy subjects. Interestingly, controls had higher levels of nitrites compared to patients. Patients showed a marked increase in reactive oxygen species formation and lipid peroxidation as well as decrease in the activity of antioxidant defense system leading to oxidative stress which may contribute to tissue and cartilage damage and hence to the chronicity of the disease.

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Strigolactone GR24 upregulates Nrf2 target genes and may protect against oxidative stress in skeletal muscle

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.16172.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1459

Author(s):

Shalem Raju Modi ◽

Tarja Kokkola

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Transcription Factor ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Target Genes ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Antioxidant Defences ◽

Microarray Gene Expression

GR24 is a synthetic strigolactone analog, demonstrated to regulate the development of plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. GR24 possesses anti-cancer and anti-apoptotic properties, enhances insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal myotubes, inhibits adipogenesis, decreases inflammation in adipocytes and macrophages and downregulates the expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes. Transcription factor Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) is a master regulator of antioxidant response, regulating a multitude of genes involved in cellular stress responses and anti-inflammatory pathways, thus maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Nrf2 activation reduces the deleterious effects of mitochondrial toxins and has multiple roles in promoting mitochondrial function and dynamics. We studied the role of GR24 on gene expression in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells which were differentiated into myotubes. The myotubes were treated with GR24 and analyzed by microarray gene expression profiling. GR24 upregulated the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 and its target genes, activating antioxidant defences, suggesting that GR24 may protect skeletal muscle from the toxic effects of oxidative stress.

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Diazoxide and Exercise Enhance Muscle Contraction during Obesity by Decreasing ROS Levels, Lipid Peroxidation, and Improving Glutathione Redox Status

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9121232 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1232

Author(s):

Mariana Gómez-Barroso ◽

Koré M. Moreno-Calderón ◽

Elizabeth Sánchez-Duarte ◽

Christian Cortés-Rojo ◽

Alfredo Saavedra-Molina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Muscle Contraction ◽

Katp Channel ◽

Metabolic Stress ◽

Muscular Contraction ◽

Redox Status ◽

Glutathione Redox ◽

Katp Channel Openers

Obesity causes insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia which causes skeletal muscle dysfunction resulting in a decrease in contraction force and a reduced capacity to avoid fatigue, which overall, causes an increase in oxidative stress. KATP channel openers such as diazoxide and the implementation of exercise protocols have been reported to be actively involved in protecting skeletal muscle against metabolic stress; however, the effects of diazoxide and exercise on muscle contraction and oxidative stress during obesity have not been explored. This study aimed to determine the effect of diazoxide in the contraction of skeletal muscle of obese male Wistar rats (35 mg/kg), and with an exercise protocol (five weeks) and the combination from both. Results showed that the treatment with diazoxide and exercise improved muscular contraction, showing an increase in maximum tension and total tension due to decreased ROS and lipid peroxidation levels and improved glutathione redox state. Therefore, these results suggest that diazoxide and exercise improve muscle function during obesity, possibly through its effects as KATP channel openers.

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Characterization of blood redox status of early and mid-late lactating dairy cows

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/7341-cjas ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 170-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. Cigliano ◽

M. Strazzullo ◽

C. Rossetti ◽

G. Grazioli ◽

G. Auriemma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Plasma Concentration ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Redox Status ◽

Alpha Tocopherol ◽

Stress Index ◽

Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Oxidative Stress Index ◽

Lactating Cows

The effect of the stage of lactation on blood redox homeostasis of bovine and buffalo cows was evaluated. The investigation was carried out on early lactating and mid-late lactating cows, reared in a farm located in Campania (southern Italy). Plasma concentration of α-tocopherol and ascorbate, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase activities were higher (P < 0.01) in mid-late lactating cows, thus suggesting a higher consumption of antioxidants during early lactation. Plasma concentration of protein-bound carbonyls (PC) and nitrotyrosine (N-Tyr), and the level of lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) were higher (P < 0.01) in early lactating cows, thus suggesting that lipid peroxidation and peroxynitrite production are crucial in determining oxidative modifications in plasma. TAC was positively correlated with ascorbate concentration (P < 0.03), and negatively correlated with PC concentration (P < 0.002), and ascorbate was negatively correlated with PC (P < 0.03) in mid-late lactating group. These findings demonstrate that circulating ascorbate plays a major role in preventing protein modifications induced by carbonyls, and that ascorbate scavenging effect is impaired during early lactation. We calculated a protein oxidative stress index as the ratio (PC + N-Tyr)/TAC multiplied by 100, and we found that this parameter was higher (P < 0.0001) in early lactating cows. Therefore, it could be useful for assessing the extent of protein oxidative damage in relation to the whole antioxidant status. Further, we suggest that the LPO/GPx ratio multiplied by 100 might be used as lipid oxidative stress index in lactating cows. This index was higher (P < 0.0001) in early lactating cows, and might represent a standard parameter for evaluating the lipid damage depending on a deficiency of the enzymatic antioxidant defence. These parameters are proposed for a possible effective description of physiological changes associated with lactation.  

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Effect of Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Replacement Therapies on Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance in Uremic Patients

Biochemistry Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/358985 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Hadja Fatima Tbahriti ◽

Abbou Kaddous ◽

Malika Bouchenak ◽

Khedidja Mekki

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Study Groups ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Severe Stage

Oxidative stress seems to be involved in the path physiology of cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we determined the effect of different stages of CKD and substitutive therapies on oxidative stress. One hundred sixty-seven patients (age:44±06years; male/female: 76/91) with CKD were divided into 6 groups according to the National Kidney Foundation classification. Prooxidant status was assessed by assaying thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxides, and protein carbonyls. Antioxidant defence was performed by analysis of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, vitamin E, Iron, and bilirubin. TBARS and LPO were higher in HD patients compared to other groups (P<0.001), while protein carbonyls were more increased in PD patients. The antioxidant enzymes were declined already at severe stage of CKD and they were declined notably in HD patients (P<0.001). Similar observation was found for vitamin E, Fe, and bilirubin where we observed a significant decrease in the majority of study groups, especially in HD patients (P<0.001). The evolution of CKD was associated with elevated OS. HD accentuates lipid, while PD aggravates protein oxidation. However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was altered by impaired renal function and by both dialysis treatments.

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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Decreased Acetylcholinesterase Activity at the Neuromuscular Junction of the Diaphragm during Sepsis

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2017/9718615 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hua Liu ◽

Jin Wu ◽

Jun-yan Yao ◽

Hong Wang ◽

Shi-tong Li

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Neuromuscular Junction ◽

Ache Activity ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Low Grade ◽

Caecal Ligation And Puncture ◽

Septic Group

Our recent study demonstrated that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of the diaphragm decreased during sepsis. However, the mechanisms were not clearly identified. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the decreased AChE activity was related to oxidative stress by observing AChE activity in different grades of sepsis induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At 24 h after surgery, an assay of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and protein carbonyls, as well as the myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity, was conducted. AChE activity was measured by biochemical and histological detection. AChE and CAT activity in the diaphragm decreased, while the contents of TBARS and protein carbonyls, the activity of MPO and SOD, and the SOD/CAT ratios increased. The above changes were much more significant in the mid-grade septic group than in the low-grade septic group. The colour of the AChE activity staining at the NMJ gradually lightened from the sham surgery group to the mid-grade septic group. AChE activity was significantly negatively correlated with the levels of TBARS and protein carbonyls. We consider that oxidative stress might be responsible for decreased AChE activity in the diaphragms of rats induced with sepsis.

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Assessment of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress Using Oxidation-Reduction Potential Markers

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2015/204615 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Dimitrios Stagos ◽

Nikolaos Goutzourelas ◽

Amalia-Maria Ntontou ◽

Ioannis Kafantaris ◽

Chariklia K. Deli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Eccentric Exercise ◽

Reduction Potential ◽

Diagnostic System ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Knee Extensors ◽

Oxidation Reduction ◽

Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽

Exercise Induced

The aim of the present study was to investigate the use of static (sORP) and capacity ORP (cORP) oxidation-reduction potential markers as measured by the RedoxSYS Diagnostic System in plasma, for assessing eccentric exercise-induced oxidative stress. Nineteen volunteers performed eccentric exercise with the knee extensors. Blood was collected before, immediately after exercise, and 24, 48, and 72 h after exercise. Moreover, common redox biomarkers were measured, which were protein carbonyls, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, total antioxidant capacity in plasma, and catalase activity and glutathione levels in erythrocytes. When the participants were examined as one group, there were not significant differences in any marker after exercise. However, in 11 participants there was a high increase in cORP after exercise, while in 8 participants there was a high decrease. Thus, the participants were divided in low cORP group exhibiting significant decrease in cORP after exercise and in high cORP group exhibiting significant increase. Moreover, only in the low cORP group there was a significant increase in lipid peroxidation after exercise suggesting induction of oxidative stress. The results suggested that high decreases in cORP values after exercise may indicate induction of oxidative stress by eccentric exercise, while high increases in cORP values after exercise may indicate no existence of oxidative stress.

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