scholarly journals Repeatability of Aberrometry-Based Automated Subjective Refraction in Healthy and Keratoconus Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Carracedo ◽  
Carlos Carpena-Torres ◽  
Cristina Pastrana ◽  
Ana Privado-Aroco ◽  
María Serramito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Corrected Distance Visual Acuity

Purpose. To compare the intersession repeatability of the Eye Refract, a new instrument to perform aberrometry-based automated subjective refraction, on healthy and keratoconus subjects. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional and randomized study was performed. A total of 64 participants were evaluated in the study, selecting one eye per participant randomly. The sample was divided into two different groups: 33 healthy subjects (38.85 ± 13.21 years) and 31 with keratoconus (37.29 ± 11.37 years). Three refractions per participant with the Eye Refract were performed on three different days, without cycloplegia. The repeatability analysis of refractive variables (M, J0, and J45), binocular corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), and spent time in refraction was performed in terms of repeatability (Sr), its 95% confidence interval (r), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results. There were no statistically significant differences ( P ≥ 0.05 ) between sessions in both groups for all refractive variables (M, J0, and J45) and BCDVA. Spent time in refraction was reduced as the sessions went by ( P < 0.05 ). The Eye Refract was more repeatable for refractive errors assessment in healthy subjects (M : Sr = 0.27 D; J0 : Sr = 0.09 D; J45 : Sr = 0.06 D) compared to those with keratoconus (M : Sr = 0.65 D; J0 : Sr = 0.29 D; J45 : Sr = 0.24 D), while it was similar for BCDVA. Conclusions. The Eye Refract offered better repeatability to assess refractive errors in healthy subjects compared to those with keratoconus. Despite measurements being also consistent in keratoconus subjects, they should be treated with caution in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Wavefront Autorefractors: Binocular Open-Field versus Monocular Closed-Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Carracedo ◽  
Carlos Carpena-Torres ◽  
Laura Batres ◽  
Maria Serramito ◽  
Anahí Gonzalez-Bergaz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Closed Field ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Field Versus ◽  
Corrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Healthy Participants

Purpose. To evaluate the agreement and repeatability between a new commercially available binocular open-field wavefront autorefractor, as part of the Eye Refract system, and a monocular closed-field wavefront autorefractor (VX110). Methods. A cross-sectional, randomized, and single-masked study was performed. Ninety-nine eyes of 99 healthy participants (37.22 ± 18.04 years, range 8 to 69 years) were randomly analyzed. Three measurements with the Eye Refract and the VX110 were taken on three different days, under noncycloplegic conditions. Mean spherical equivalent (MSE), cylindrical vectors (J0 and J45), and binocular corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) were compared between both autorefractors. An intersession repeatability analysis was done considering the values of repeatability (Sr) and its 95% limit (r). Results. The VX110 showed more negative values (P<0.001) in terms of MSE in comparison with the Eye Refract (0.20 D). Regarding cylindrical vectors, J45 showed statistically significant differences (P=0.001) between both wavefront autorefractors, but they were not clinically relevant (<0.05 D). In BCDVA, there were no statistically significant differences (P=0.667) between both wavefront autorefractors. Additionally, the Eye Refract was more repeatable than the VX110 in terms of both MSE (SrEYE REFRACT = 0.21 D, SrVX110 = 0.53 D) and J0 (SrEYE REFRACT = 0.12 D, SrVX110 = 0.35 D). Conclusions. The Eye Refract provided enough accuracy and reliability to estimate refractive errors in different age groups, achieving better results than the VX110. Therefore, the Eye Refract proved to be a useful autorefractor to be incorporated into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Changes in Corneal Asphericity after MyoRing Implantation in Moderate and Severe Keratoconus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Khorrami-Nejad ◽  
Ozra Aghili ◽  
Hesam Hashemian ◽  
Mohamad Aghazadeh-Amiri ◽  
Bahram Khosravi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Manifest Refraction ◽  
Corrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Corneal Asphericity

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of MyoRing implantation on corneal asphericity in moderate and severe keratoconus (KCN). Methods: This cross-sectional observational study comprised 32 eyes of 28 patients with KCN, who had femtosecond-assisted MyoRing corneal implantation. The primary outcome measures were preoperative and six-month postoperative corneal asphericity in 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, and 10-mm optical zones in the superior, inferior, nasal, temporal, and central areas. The secondary outcome measures included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, thinnest location value, and keratometry readings. Results: A significant improvement in the UDVA and CDVA was observed six months after the surgery (P < 0.001) with a significant reduction in the spherical (4.67 diopters (D)) and cylindrical (2.19 D) refractive errors. A significant reduction in the corneal asphericity in all the optical zones and in the superior, inferior, nasal, temporal, and central areas was noted (P < 0.001). The mean thickness at the thinnest location of the cornea decreased from 437.15 ± 30.69 to 422.81 ± 36.91 μm. A significant corneal flattening was seen. The K1, K2, and Km changes were 5.32 D, 7 D, and 6.17 D, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: MyoRing implantation is effective for improving corneal asphericity in patients with KCN. It allows successful corneal remodeling and provides a significant improvement in UDVA, CDVA, and refractive errors.

scholarly journals Dysfunctional Adiposity Index as a Useful Clinical Tool for Early Identification of Adipose Tissue Morpho-Functional Abnormalities and Cardiometabolic Disorders in Apparently Healthy Subjects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Reyes-Barrera ◽  
Victor H. Sainz-Escárrega ◽  
Aida X. Medina-Urritia ◽  
Esteban Jorge-Galarza ◽  
Horacio Osorio-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adiposity Index ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract BackgroundCompared to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and adiposity measurements, adipose tissue morpho-functionality evaluations are more consistent predictors of cardiometabolic abnormalities. However, these evaluations require determination of adipokines and other non-routine biochemical parameters, which is not feasible in clinical practice. The present study establishes dysfunctional adiposity index (DAI) as a simple, accessible, and reliable marker of early adipocytes morpho-functional abnormalities and cardiometabolic diseases.MethodsTo establish the DAI constant parameters, 340 subjects (134 males and 206 females) without cardiovascular risk factors were selected from a cross-sectional study. Then, DAI was calculated in 36 healthy subjects who underwent subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy, for whom adipocytes number and size, body composition, circulating adipokines, glucose, insulin, and lipids were also determined. The correlation of DAI with adipocyte morphology (size/number of adipocytes) and functionality (adiponectin/leptin ratio) was analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to define the optimal DAI cut-off point to identify metabolic abnormalities. Finally, the independent association of DAI with cardiometabolic abnormalities was determined in 1418 subjects from the cross-sectional study through multivariate analyses.ResultsThe constant parameters to calculate the DAI were [WC/[22.79+[2.68*BMI]]]*[triglycerides (TG, mmol/L)/1.37]*[1.19/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C, mmol/L)] for males, and [WC/[24.02+[2.37*BMI]]]*[TG(mmol/L)/1.32]*[1.43/HDL-C(mmol/L)] for females. In subjects underwent biopsy, DAI correlated with adipocytes mean area (r=0.358; p=0.032), adipocyte number (r=-0.381; p=0.024), adiponectin/leptin ratio (r=-0.483; p=0.003), and systemic inflammation markers. Compared to BMI, WC, and visceral fat, DAI was the only determination associated with insulin resistance (area under the curve: 0.743; p = 0.017). In the cross-sectional study, DAI ≥1.065 was independently associated with diabetes (OR: 1.96; 95%CI: 1.36-2.84), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (OR: 2.57; 95%CI: 1.98-3.33), subclinical atherosclerosis (OR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.02-2.94), and hypertension (OR: 1.44; 95%CI: 1.10-1.88).ConclusionsThe present study establishes the constant parameters to calculate the DAI and highlights that a DAI ≥ 1.065 is associated with early cardiometabolic abnormalities independently of adiposity and other risk factors. Since DAI is calculated using accessible parameters routinely used in the clinic, this indicator can be easily incorporated in clinical practice for the early identification of adipose tissue abnormalities in apparently healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Assessment of visual acuity defects among rural adolescent students of tribal Bastar Chhattisgarh (India)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4335
Author(s):  
Alakh Ram Verma ◽  
Teeku Sinha ◽  
Gagandeep Singh Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Eye Screening ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Rural Adolescent

Background: Defective visual acuity is the most common problem among adolescents which, if remains uncorrected may cause refractive errors and may lead to blindness. Defective visual acuity can be tested early and corrected by spectacles. The objectives of the study were assessment of visual acuity defects among adolescent students.Methods: Present study design is cross sectional community based study. Conducted during July to September 2017 in Higher Secondary School, Pandripani. Predesigned KAP questionnaires were used to collect information and visual acuity was measured by using Snellen’s chart. Students with spectacles were tested for uncorrected and corrected visual acuity. Data was analyzed on MS Excel 2016.Results: Visual acuity defect prevalence rises with age and maximum is seen in age group 19-20 years (85%).Male to female ratio in students with defects was 52:48 Maximum defect is seen in class 12th students (34%).83% students never got their eyes checked out of which 25% had defective visual acuity. Positive attitude toward spectacles preventing normalization of eyes and spectacles leading to dependence and worsening of vision were elicited. Students whose parents have eye related problem have prevalence of 64%.83% of students advised to wear spectacles who don’t have, cost of spectacle is most common cause (80%) and is preceded by not much difference in vision after wearing (20%).Conclusions: The prevalence of visual acuity defect was high in rural adolescent. Eye screening of school going children is recommended and spectacles to be distributed free or at low cost to those students diagnosed with refractive errors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of severe visual impairment and barriers to access eye care services in the Udupi district

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-355
Author(s):  
Lavanya G. Rao ◽  
Dushyanth Sharma ◽  
Sulatha V. Bhandary ◽  
Divya Handa ◽  
Yogish Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Aim: To assess the prevalence of severe visual impairment (SVI) and reasons for not accessing eye care services in a field practice area of a tertiary care hospital. Study design: Cross-sectional observational study. Materials and methods: Through a cross-sectional study using simple random sampling, a total of 1510, individuals above 18 years of age, from six rural and maternity welfare centers (RMCW) within a distance of 20 km from a tertiary hospital were approached. All participants underwent basic assessment of visual acuity, anterior segment evaluation using torch light, and answered a structured questionnaire on eye care. Results: Of 1510 subjects, 267 had SVI (defined as visual acuity < 6/60 either in one or both eyes) with a prevalence of 17.7%. SVI was higher among men and those above 60 years of age (52.8%). Significant association was found between barriers to accessing eye care facilities and lack of knowledge to access health care (p = 0.004), lack of financial support (95% CI, p = 0.006), and social reasons (95% CI, p = 0.028). Prevalence of SVI among diabetics was 32.7% as compared to non-diabetics (OR: 2.630; 95% confidence interval: 1.864–3.712), and among hypertensives was 34.61% as compared to non-hypertensives (OR: 2.836; 95% confidence interval: 1.977–4.068). Conclusion: In spite of being close to a tertiary care center, a prevalence of SVI in 17.7% of this population indicates a lack of knowledge regarding the importance of self-health care in subjects. This emphasizes the need to increase the awareness among the general public to access the ophthalmic health care facilities in order to improve the ocular health of the patients.

Accuracy of Anthropometric Measurements: Past, Present, and Future

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie G. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Experience, based on anthropometric examination of over 1000 children with facial syndromes and more than 2400 healthy subjects of both sexes and various ages, has led me to diverge in some points from the more usual views found in the physical anthropologic literature. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the major controversial topics associated with anthropometric measurement. These include the problems associated with formation of a representative population sample, the relative validity of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, the interpretation of intraobserver and interobserver testings, and the questionable judgments of mensurative skill in clinical practice. The factors influencing the accuracy of anthropometric measurements, definitions of both the consistent and less reliable measurements, and the duration of validity of anthropometric normative data are also discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a new clinical performance assessment tool : A reliability study

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Joseph ◽  
J. Frantz ◽  
C. Hendricks ◽  
M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Educators ◽  
Clinical Performance Assessment

Clinical practice is an essential requirement of any graduatephysiotherapy programme. For this purpose, valid and reliable assessment toolsare paramount for the measurement of key competencies in the real-worldsetting. This study aims to determine the internal consistency and inter-raterreliability of a newly developed and validated clinical performance assessmentform. A cross-sectional quantitative research design was used, which includedpaired evaluations of 32 (17 treatment and 15 assessment) student examinationsperformed by two independent clinical educators. Chronbachs alpha was computedto assess internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC’s) withconfidence intervals of 95% were computed to determine the percentage agreement between paired examiners. Thedegree of internal consistency was substantial for all key performance areas of both examinations, except for timeand organisational management (0.21) and professionalism (0.42) in the treatment and evaluation examinationsrespectively. The overall internal consistency was 0.89 and 0.73 for both treatment and assessment examinations,indicating substantial agreement. With regard to agreement between raters, the ICC’s for the overall marks were0.90 and 0.97 for both treatment and assessment examinations. Clinical educators demonstrated a high level ofreliability in the assessment of students’ competence using the newly developed clinical performance assessment form.These findings greatly underscore the reliability of results obtained through observation of student examinations, andadd another tool to the basket of ensuring quality assurance in physiotherapy clinical practice assessment.

Prevalence of amblyopia and its association with refraction in Chinese preschool children aged 36–48 months

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Huang ◽  
Xuejuan Chen ◽  
Hui Zhu ◽  
Hui Ding ◽  
Jing Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Disease Study

PurposeTo determine the prevalence of amblyopia and its association with refraction in Chinese preschool children.MethodsThe Yuhuatai Pediatric Eye Disease Study, a cross-sectional, population-based study, was conducted in children aged 36–48 months in Yuhuatai District, Nanjing, China, in 2015. Visual acuity was measured in 1695 eligible children.ResultsOf the 1695 subjects, manifested amblyopia was detected in 25 children (1.47%, 95% CI 0.90% to 2.05%), including 11 and 14 with bilateral and unilateral amblyopia, respectively. Amblyopia prevalence did not differ by gender (p=0.77). Significant refractive errors were found in 22 (88.0%) of children with amblyopia, and strabismus was found in 6 (24.0%) children with amblyopia. In multivariate analysis, amblyopia was significantly associated with hyperopia (≥+2.00 dioptres (D); OR 8.81, 95% CI 3.27 to 23.69, p<0.0001), astigmatism (≥2.00 D; OR 17.90, 95% CI 6.78 to 47.21, p<0.0001) and anisometropia (≥2.00 D; OR 5.87, 95% CI 1.52 to 22.77, p<0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of amblyopia in children 36–48 months old in Eastern China was 1.47%. The refractive error is a major risk factor for amblyopia.

Effect of Air Tamponade among Patients with Epiretinal Membranes and Intraretinal Cystoid Changes Undergoing Vitrectomy with Membrane Peeling – A Prospective Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Leisser ◽  
Manuel Ruiss ◽  
Caroline Pilwachs ◽  
Julius Hienert ◽  
Kristina Stjepanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Epiretinal Membranes ◽  
Membrane Peeling ◽  
Corrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Pars Plana ◽  
Air Tamponade

Abstract Background The effect of air tamponade among patients undergoing vitrectomy with membrane peeling for removal of epiretinal membranes (ERM) is controversially discussed. The aim of the present study was to analyze differences in outcomes between air tamponade and balanced salt solution (BSS) in a study population with preoperative intraretinal cystoid changes. Patients and Methods This randomized study included patients scheduled for pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling owing to ERM and intraretinal cystoid changes. Air tamponade or BSS at the end of surgery was applied according to preoperative randomization. Optical coherence tomography and best-corrected distance visual acuity (DCVA) measurements were performed before surgery, 5 days after surgery, and 3 months after surgery. Results From 96 patients included, 85 eyes had full follow-up and could be included for analysis. Median improvement of DCVA was + 16 EDTRS letters (IQR: 8 to 22) among patients with BSS, while it was + 13 EDTRS letters (IQR: 8 to 17) among patients with air tamponade. There was a trend for better improvement of DCVA when BSS was left at the end of surgery, compared to air tamponade, but not reaching statistical significance. Conclusions There were no statistically significant differences concerning resorption of preoperative intraretinal cystoid changes, improvement of visual acuity, and final DVCA between air tamponade and BSS.

scholarly journals Intra- and inter-rater reliability in a comparative study of cross-sectional and spiral computed tomography pelvimetry methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 205846011985518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Phexell ◽  
Anna Åkesson ◽  
Marcus Söderberg ◽  
Anetta Bolejko
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Measurement Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Short Spiral

Background Different low-dose computed tomography (CT) pelvimetry methods can be used to evaluate the size of birth canal before delivery. CT pelvimetry might generate an acceptable low fetal radiation dose but its measurement accuracy is unknown. Purpose To investigate intra- and inter-rater measurement reliability of cross-sectional and two spiral CT pelvimetry methods: standard spiral and short spiral. Material and Methods Ten individuals (age ≥60 years, body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) having a CT scan of the abdomen also had CT pelvimetry scans. Three radiologists made independent measurements of each pelvimetry method on two occasions and also in consensus for a reference pelvimetry computed from the standard-dose CT scan of the abdomen. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was analyzed by intraclass correlation coefficient. Results Measurements in the short spiral pelvimetry demonstrated excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.93, and good to excellent 95% confidence interval 0.87–0.99. Corresponding results of the standard spiral and cross-sectional pelvimetry showed good to excellent intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.85 and ≥0.76, and 95% confidence interval was least good and moderate 0.73–0.98 and 0.59–0.97, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient between reference pelvimetry and other CT methods showed analogous results. Conclusion The short spiral pelvimetry demonstrated high and best reliability in comparison to other methods. Standard spiral method showed also good measurement reliability but the short spiral pelvimetry generates lower fetal radiation dose. This method might be suitable for measurements at narrow pelvis. Patient acceptance and attitude to CT pelvimetry should be investigated.

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