scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of Hydromethanolic Root Extract and Solvent Fractions of Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Spach. (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dessie Zayede ◽  
Tafere Mulaw ◽  
Wubayehu Kahaliw
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Plant Extraction ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Introduction. Diarrheal diseases are associated with an estimated 1.3 million deaths annually, with most occurring in resource-limited countries; up to 25% of deaths in young children living in Africa and southeast Asia are attributable to acute gastroenteritis. Due to limitations associated with various treatments available, the need for developing newer drugs is imperative. Objective. This study was aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of root extract and fractions of C. abyssinica Jaub. & Spach. (Euphorbiaceae) in mice. Methods. After plant extraction and subsequent fractionation of the crude extract, the antidiarrheal activity was screened in castor oil induced diarrhea, castor oil induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility test models accordingly. Result. The root extract of C. abyssinica produced neither visible signs of toxicity nor death at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg, suggesting the LD50 > 2000 mg/kg. In the castor oil induced diarrheal model, the highest dose of the extract (400 mg/kg) showed a maximal inhibition in the onset (158.00 ± 14.64, p<0.01, in minutes) of wet feces as compared to the negative control. In the enteropooling model, 400 mg/kg treated mice showed a significant reduction in volume (0.47 ± 0.02 ml, p<0.01) and weight (0.50 ± 0.02 g, p<0.05) of intestinal content as compared to the vehicle treated group. In the gastrointestinal motility test, the hydromethanolic root extract of C. abyssinica significantly inhibited the intestinal transit of charcoal meal at 400 mg/kg. In addition, chloroform and n-butanol fractions significantly reduced the distance moved by charcoal at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, whereas aqueous fraction showed a significant effect at all test doses. The highest antidiarrheal index was observed at the maximal dose of extract and each fraction. Conclusion. The results obtained showed that the findings provide scientific support for the folkloric repute of C. abyssinica roots as treatment of diarrhea.

scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity of 80% Methanolic Leaf Extract of Osyris quadripartita Decne (Santalaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1983334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meseret Yigzaw Teferi ◽  
Mohammedbirhan Abdulwuhab ◽  
Jibril Seid Yesuf
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Different Doses

The leaf of Osyris quadripartita is traditionally used for the management of diarrhea in different parts of Ethiopia. However, its use has not been scientifically validated for its efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate antidiarrheal activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of O. quadripartita in mice models. Different doses of the methanolic leaf extract of O. quadripartita (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were tested for antidiarrheal activity using castor oil–induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility models in Swiss Albino mice. The activities of the extract at different doses were compared with standard drugs and negative control groups of mice. The extract at all tested doses resulted in significant reduction ( P < .01) in number of wet feces, whereas significant reduction ( P < .01) in frequency of defecation in castor oil–induced diarrhea was seen at a dose of 400 mg/kg. It also showed a dose-dependent and significant reduction of volume of intestinal content in the enteropooling model at all tested doses and the observed results in 200 and 400 mg/kg were better than the standard drug, loperamide. However, significant antimotility effect was not observed at any of the tested doses. From these results we can conclude that methanolic leaf extract of O. quadripartita showed antidiarrheal activity.

scholarly journals Activity of methanol root extract of Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel.) Bullock on castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Bukhari Mahmud ◽  
Lawan Ijudigal ◽  
Ibrahim Yunusa ◽  
Aishatu Shehu ◽  
Mohammed Garba Magaji
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Accumulation

This study aimed at providing pharmacological rationale for the ethnomedicinal use of Parquetina nigrescens root in the treatment of diarrhoea. The antidiarrhoeal activity of methanol root extract of P. nigrescens(MPN) was determined using castor oil-induced diarrhoea (COD), castor oil-induced enteropooling (COE) and gastrointestinal motility (GIT) tests. In COD, MPN at all doses significantly (p≤0.01) delayed the onset of diarrhoea and significantly (p≤0.05) decreased the number of wet faeces (with percentage inhibition of 52.2; 53.33 and 71.13 at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) respectively. The frequency of defecation was significantly (p≤0.01) decreased at 50 and 100 mg/kg. In COE, MPN at all doses significantly (p≤0.01) reduced the volume of intestinal content with percentage inhibition of intestinal fluid accumulation of 79.36; 47.62; 68.25 at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg respectively against control. In the GIT test, MPN significantly (p≤0.01) decreased the distance travelled by charcoal with a percentage reduction of peristalsis index of 41.19; 47.26; 43.46 at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg respectively against control. The percentage inhibition of GIT at all doses of MPN was 50.48, 39.00 and 45.62 respectively. MPN possesses antidiarrhoeal activity thus, the credence for its ethnomedicinal use in the treatment of diarrhoea. Keywords: Diarrhoea, castor oil, enteropooling, gastrointestinal motility, Parquetina nigrescens

scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of the Antidiarrheal Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel. (Apocynaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Abel Odenigbo ◽  
Peter A. Akah ◽  
Emmanuel E. Ilodigwe ◽  
Daniel L. Ajaghaku ◽  
Earnest O. Erhirhie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Meal Test ◽  
Test Models

Context: Diarrhea, a major leading cause of death among under-five children in developing countries is still ravaging the society today due to limitations associated with conventional treatment approaches. The leaf of Rauwofia vomitoria (R. vomitoria) is used by the locals in Nigeria for the treatment of diarrhea. Aim: This study evaluated the anti-diarrheal activity of the leaf extract and fractions of R. vomitoria using animal models. Methods: Phytochemical screening of the extract was carried out. The extracts and fractions of R. vomitoria were screened using castor-oil induced diarrhea, castor-oil induced enteropooling, charcoal meal test and ex-vivo anti-spasmomodic models. The tests groups received 400 mg/kg of the extract, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water fractions based on the result of preliminary study. The Negative control (5 ml/kg of 5% Tween-80) and Positive control (Loperamide, 2 mg/kg and atropine sulphate, 10 mg/kg) were used. Ex-vivo anti-spasmodic test was carried out using isolated guinea pig ileum. Results: Phytochemical test revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, terpenoids and steroids. In castor oil-induced diarrhea model, 400 mg/kg of the extract and fractions significantly (p≤0.05) prolonged diarrhea onset, decreased frequency of defecation, weight of feces, and volume of intestinal content. The extract and n-hexane fraction produced more significant (p<0.05) antidiarrheal activity in castor oil –induced enteropooling and charcoal meal test models. The extract exhibited a dose dependent inhibition of acetylcholine induced contraction of isolated ileum. Conclusion: Results obtained from this study validate the folkloric use of R. vomitoria leaf extract in the treatment of diarrhea.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the antidiarrheal activity of 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the leaf of Bersama abyssinica fresen (Melianthaceae) in mice

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihret Ayalew ◽  
Azmeraw Bekele ◽  
Mestayet Geta Mengistie ◽  
Seyfe Asrade Atnafie
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Abstract Introduction The use of traditional medicinal plants in the management of diarrhea has long been practiced in Ethiopia. B. abyssinica fresen is one of the plants traditionally used to treat diarrhea whereas an in vivo study had not yet been conducted. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaf of B. abyssinica in mice. Methods Cold maceration within 80% methanol was used to extract the leaf powder and extract of the leaf was fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, and distilled water. The in vivo antidiarrheal activity of crude extracts and solvent fractions were tested in experimental models of castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and antimotility test. Five groups each with 6 mice were used under the three antidiarrheal models. Positive controls were treated with loperamide 3 mg/kg and atropine 5 mg/kg and 2% tween 80 was used in the treatment of negative controls. The extract and solvent fractions were administered at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. Time of onset of diarrhea, number and weight of total and wet feces, the percent reduction in the number of wet feces, weight and volume of intestinal contents, and percent inhibition of intestinal motility were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result Defecation of castor oil-induced diarrheal or loose stools was inhibited (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of crude extract and aqueous fraction. The crude extract and the aqueous fraction at three doses (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), the chloroform fraction at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), and the n-hexane fraction at 400 mg/kg (p < 0.05) reduced intraluminal fluid accumulation compared with the negative control. Castor oil-induced intestinal motility was significantly suppressed with the three-doses of aqueous fraction (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of crude extract (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01), 400 mg/kg of chloroform and n-hexane (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) compared with negative control. Conclusion The crude extract, aqueous, and chloroform fractions of B. abyyssinica leaves have promising anti-diarrheal effects, supporting the plant's traditional use to treat diarrhea.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PERIODIC DISSIMILARITY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LINN (MYRTACEAE) LEAVES USING WISTAR ALBINO RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Uttam Borah ◽  
Biswajit Dash ◽  
Jashabir Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Phytochemical Variation ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Different Doses

  Objective: The current investigation was achieved to treasure out the modification of antidiarrheal activity of ethanoic leaves extract of Psidium guajava Linn. with respect to change of season, namely, autumn and spring.Methods: The castor oil induced diarrhea method is employed for assessment of periodic dissimilarity of antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extract of P. guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae) leaves. Phytochemical variation is resolute as per typical procedure using various reagents.Results: Phytochemical scrutiny discloses that small fluctuation of phytoconstituent content was observed. The extract was initially assayed for its possessions in castor oil-induced diarrhea at different doses (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg, p.o.). There was statistically noteworthy lessening (p<0.05) in the number of wet feces by 78.33% during spring season and 78.26% during autumn season at 600 mg/kg body weight, and when compared to negative control rats, which might be due to change in climate or due to alteration in plant biosynthesis pathway in different season.Conclusion: The outcomes deliver the suggestion for variation in phytochemical contents as well as amendment in antidiarrheal activity of ethanoic extract of P. guajava leaves during autumn and spring.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antispasmodic and Antisecretory Activities of the 80% Methanol Extracts of Verbena officinalis L: Evidence From In Vivo Antidiarrheal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1985326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Sisay ◽  
Negussie Bussa ◽  
Tigist Gashaw
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Verbena officinalis L. has a folkloric repute for the management of digestive disorders, including diarrhea. However, the safety and efficacy of the plant material has not been scientifically validated yet. This study was, therefore, aimed to evaluate the overall antidiarrheal activity of the 80% methanol extracts of V officinalis in mice. The antidiarrheal activity of the 80% methanol extracts of the roots (R-80ME) and the leaves (L-80ME) of V officinalis was tested in castor oil–induced diarrhea in mice. R-80ME was further evaluated using charcoal meal and entero-pooling. In each test, group I and group II (controls) received 10 mL/kg distilled water and standard drug (5 mg/kg loperamide), respectively, whereas groups III, IV, and V (test groups) received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the 80ME, respectively. The R-80ME at 200 mg/kg ( P < .01) and 400 mg/kg ( P < .001) significantly delayed the onset of diarrhea compared with negative control. Both R-80ME and L-80ME at 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly decreased the frequency of wet fecal outputs ( P < .01). Generally, 70.24% inhibition of the number of wet fecal output was recorded at R-80ME 400 mg/kg. Results from the charcoal meal test revealed that the R-80ME at 200 ( P < .01) and 400 mg/kg ( P < .001) produced a significant antimotility effect. In entero-pooling test, the R-80ME, at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses ( P < .01), showed a significant decline in both the volume and weight of intestinal contents. The maximum in vivo antidiarrheal index was determined to be 95.25 at dose of 400 mg/kg R-80ME. This study demonstrated that the 80ME, mainly the root extract, produced promising antidiarrheal activity and hence provides a scientific support for acclaimed traditional use of the plant material for treatment of diarrheal diseases.

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Sangkareho (Callicarpa longifolia Lam) from Central Kalimantan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-742 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Preventable Death ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Dose Levels

Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of preventable death in developing countries including in Indonesia and Malaysia. It has been reported that the leaves of sangkareho (Callicarpa longifolia Lam) is used traditionally as an antidiarrheal treatment in Central Kalimantan. The present study was aimed to evaluate the pharmacological activity against diarrhea using the ethanolic extract of sangkareho leaves. The extract was used for castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. The extracts were given orally to the mice at 200, 300, 400 mg/kg bodyweight and loperamide was used as a standard drug for diarrhea. The results showed % inhibition of diarrhea with values of no detected, 42.62%, 81.97%, 70.49% at 200, 300, 400 mg/kg bodyweight dose levels of the extract and loperamide, respectively as compared to the negative control. It can be considered at a dose level of 400 mg/kg bodyweight the extract has a greater anti-diarrheal effect than loperamide. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of sangkareho leaves (Callicarpa longifolia Lam) has anti-diarrheal activity and this supports the use of this plant as antidiarrhea in traditional treatment.

Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Dalbergia Sissoo Leaves in Goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Hajare ◽  
Y. K. Amrutkar ◽  
A. R. Sontakke ◽  
N. M. Bhojane ◽  
R. S. Ingole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
Clinical Cases

Antidiarrhoeal activity of Leaves of Dalbergia sissoo (D. sissoo) was evaluated in mice using castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal motility test with charcoal meal method and further in clinical cases of goats. The results showed that the D. sissoo leaves extract (400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg) produced significant (p is less than 0.01) reduction in frequency of defecation up to 75.12% compared to control mice in castor oil induced diarrhoea. The inhibition of charcoal meal transit by D. sissoo at dose of 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg treated groups was found to be 42.95 and 53.20 per cent, respectively as compared to controls. In clinical cases of diarrhoea in goats D. sissoo decoction treated group showed complete recovery and normalization of the faeces on 4th day of treatment. The study revealed that D. sissoo possesses potent antidiarrhoeal activity

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal activity of methanolic leaf extract of Rumex vesicarius

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmad Khan ◽  
Khalid Hussain Janbaz ◽  
Fatima Saqib
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Rabbit Jejunum ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions

<p>This study evaluates the antidiarrheal activity of <em>Rumex vesicarius</em> (leaf) by using in vitro and in vivo assays. Antidiarrheal effect of <em>R. vesicarius</em> was  evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea model in rat. Weight and  volume of the intestinal content were assessed using the enteropooling method. Atropine (3 mg/kg, i.p) was used as positive control. <em>R. Vesicarius</em> at the  doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. significantly retarded castor oil-induced  enteropooling and intestinal transit. The gastrointestinal transit rate was  studied and <em>R. vesicarius</em> at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly inhibited (p&lt;0.001) weight and volume of intestinal content. <em>R. vesicarius</em> caused concentration-dependent (0.01–1 mg/mL) relaxation of spontaneous contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum tissue preparation and inhibited K<sup>+</sup>-80 induced contractions (0.01-5 mg/mL), similar to verapamil, suggestive of calcium channel blockade. Results obtained herein indicate that <em>R. vesicarius</em> may contain effective compounds which can be used as an antidiarrheal agent.</p>

scholarly journals Methanolic Crude Extract of Hagenia abyssinica Possesses Significant Antidiarrheal Effect: Evidence for In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zemene Demelash Kifle ◽  
Seyfe Asrade Atnafie ◽  
Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse ◽  
Teshome Fentik Belachew ◽  
Birhanu Berihun Kidanu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Hagenia Abyssinica ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Background. Hagenia abyssinica is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrhea in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of methanol crude extract of H. abyssinica leaves in mice. Methods. Acute toxicity testing was conducted using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. The antidiarrheal activity of the crude extract of H. abyssinica was investigated using three animal models such as small intestine transit, enteropooling, and castor oil-induced diarrhea models. The extract was administered at three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to the test groups, while the positive control group received 3 mg/kg of loperamide and the negative control group received 10 ml/kg of vehicle (distilled water). Results. The crude extract of H. abyssinica did not exhibit death at the limit dose (2 g/kg) throughout the observation period. In the castor oil-induced model, the crude extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited a significant ( P < 0.05 ) antimotility effect as compared to the negative control. The crude extract revealed a significant reduction in the volume and weight of intestinal contents at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract. Moreover, the highest antidiarrheal index (ADI) was obtained with the dose of 400 mg/kg of crude extract, which was comparable to the standard drug. Conclusion. The crude extract of Hagenia abyssinica possesses antidiarrheal activity and supports the traditional use of H. abyssinica for the management of diarrhea.

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