Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Dalbergia Sissoo Leaves in Goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Hajare ◽  
Y. K. Amrutkar ◽  
A. R. Sontakke ◽  
N. M. Bhojane ◽  
R. S. Ingole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
Clinical Cases

Antidiarrhoeal activity of Leaves of Dalbergia sissoo (D. sissoo) was evaluated in mice using castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal motility test with charcoal meal method and further in clinical cases of goats. The results showed that the D. sissoo leaves extract (400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg) produced significant (p is less than 0.01) reduction in frequency of defecation up to 75.12% compared to control mice in castor oil induced diarrhoea. The inhibition of charcoal meal transit by D. sissoo at dose of 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg treated groups was found to be 42.95 and 53.20 per cent, respectively as compared to controls. In clinical cases of diarrhoea in goats D. sissoo decoction treated group showed complete recovery and normalization of the faeces on 4th day of treatment. The study revealed that D. sissoo possesses potent antidiarrhoeal activity

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of Hydromethanolic Root Extract and Solvent Fractions of Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Spach. (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dessie Zayede ◽  
Tafere Mulaw ◽  
Wubayehu Kahaliw
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Plant Extraction ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Introduction. Diarrheal diseases are associated with an estimated 1.3 million deaths annually, with most occurring in resource-limited countries; up to 25% of deaths in young children living in Africa and southeast Asia are attributable to acute gastroenteritis. Due to limitations associated with various treatments available, the need for developing newer drugs is imperative. Objective. This study was aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of root extract and fractions of C. abyssinica Jaub. & Spach. (Euphorbiaceae) in mice. Methods. After plant extraction and subsequent fractionation of the crude extract, the antidiarrheal activity was screened in castor oil induced diarrhea, castor oil induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility test models accordingly. Result. The root extract of C. abyssinica produced neither visible signs of toxicity nor death at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg, suggesting the LD50 > 2000 mg/kg. In the castor oil induced diarrheal model, the highest dose of the extract (400 mg/kg) showed a maximal inhibition in the onset (158.00 ± 14.64, p<0.01, in minutes) of wet feces as compared to the negative control. In the enteropooling model, 400 mg/kg treated mice showed a significant reduction in volume (0.47 ± 0.02 ml, p<0.01) and weight (0.50 ± 0.02 g, p<0.05) of intestinal content as compared to the vehicle treated group. In the gastrointestinal motility test, the hydromethanolic root extract of C. abyssinica significantly inhibited the intestinal transit of charcoal meal at 400 mg/kg. In addition, chloroform and n-butanol fractions significantly reduced the distance moved by charcoal at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, whereas aqueous fraction showed a significant effect at all test doses. The highest antidiarrheal index was observed at the maximal dose of extract and each fraction. Conclusion. The results obtained showed that the findings provide scientific support for the folkloric repute of C. abyssinica roots as treatment of diarrhea.

scholarly journals Therapeutic effectiveness of interferon-alpha 2b against COVID-19: the Cuban experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Pereda ◽  
D González ◽  
HB Rivero ◽  
JC Rivero ◽  
A Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Therapeutic Effectiveness ◽  
Type I ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Interferon Alpha 2B ◽  
Ifn Treatment

ABSTRACTBackgroundEffective therapies are needed to control the SARS-Cov-2 infection pandemic and reduce mortality associated with COVID-19. Several clinical studies have provided evidence for the antiviral effects of type I interferons (IFNs) in patients with respiratory coronaviruses. This study assessed the therapeutic efficacy of IFN-α2b in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first month after the outbreak began in Cuba.MethodThis multicenter prospective observational study was conducted in 16 hospitals in 8 Cuban provinces. Participants were patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection detected from throat swab specimens by real time RT-PCR who gave informed consent and had no contraindications for IFN treatment. Patients received therapy as per the Cuban COVID protocol, that included a combination of oral antivirals (lopinavir/ritonavir and chloroquine) with intramuscular administration of IFN-α2b (Heberon® Alpha R, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana), 3 times per week, for 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients discharged from hospital (without clinical and radiological symptoms and non-detectable virus by RT-PCR). The secondary endpoint was the case fatality rate (CFR), defined as the number of confirmed deaths divided by the number of confirmed cases.ResultsFrom March 11th to April 14th, 814 patients were confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive in Cuba, 761 (93.4%) were treated with Heberon® Alpha R and 53 received the approved protocol without IFN treatment. The proportion of fully recovered patients was higher in the IFN-treated compared with non-IFN treated group (95.4% vs 26.1%, p<0.01). The CFR for all patients was 2.95%, and for those patients who received IFN-α2b the CFR was reduce to 0.92. The estimated global CFR is 6.34% and 4.05% for the Americas reported by WHO and PAHO, respectively. In this study, 82 patients (10.1%) required intensive care and, of these, 42 (5.5%) were treated with IFN.ConclusionsThis report provides preliminary evidence for the therapeutic effectiveness of IFNα-2b for COVID-19 and suggests that the use of Heberon® Alpha R may contribute to complete recovery.

IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF Hedychium coccineum RHIZOMES EXTRACT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
Sadia Islam Nishi ◽  
◽  
Niloy Barua ◽  
Mohammed Aktar Sayeed ◽  
Abu Montakim Tareq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality

The study reports the in vivo antidiarrheal and in vitro anthelmintic, cytotoxic, and thrombolytic activity of methanol extract of Hedychium coccineum rhizomes (MEHC). The antidiarrheal activity was determined using Castor oil-induced diarrhea and Gastrointestinal motility test in mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, whereas an aquarium worm, Tubifex tubifex, was used to determine the anthelmintic activity. The cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity of MEHC was performed by Brine shrimp lethality bioassay and clot lysis method respectively. In antidiarrheal, castor oil-induced diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility exhibited a significant reduction in diarrhea and defecation and an extremely significant inhibition in intestinal motility and peristalsis index by 200 and 400 mg/kg of MEHC. The MEHC (5, 10, and 20 mg/mL) showed a significant dose-dependent manner paralysis time and times to death in multiple comparisons to the different levamisole concentrations (0.5, 0.8, and 1 mg/mL) at in vitro anthelmintic activity. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay exhibited a weak LC50 (681.95 µg/mL; R² = 0.951) while in thrombolytic a significant percentage of clot lysis (32.70%, P < 0.05) demonstrated. The findings demonstrate that H. coccineum rhizomes could be potential sources for biological activity.

Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy: description of two clinical cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
T.I. Nehrych ◽  
◽  
M.B. Kopchak ◽  
S.Ya. Kyryliuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Clinical Cases

Aim. To study the features of the clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy based on clinical cases. Materials and Methods. Clinical cases of chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy in two men are presented. The patients underwent neurological and ophthalmological examination, laboratory blood tests, testing of cerebrospinal fluid, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord, perimetry, ophtalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography, ultrasound examination of internal organs and of the branches of the aortic arch, and chest radiography. Results and Discussion. Two cases of chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy were described in two men aged 44 and 22 years. Episodes of recurrent optic neuritis, both unilateral and bilateral, were observed in patients; their vision improved after corticosteroid therapy. No etiological factors or comorbidities capable of causing the condition were identified. The older patient had 8 attacks of recurrent optic neuritis, with complete recovery of vision after therapy in seven cases, and partial recovery after the last relapse . The 22-year-old patient endured 5 episodes without complete recovery of vision after treatment. Based on the diagnostic criteria of chronic recurrent inflammatory optic neuropathy, this diagnosis was suspected in the patients. Conclusions. Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy is a rare pathology whose clinical manifestations must meet diagnostic criteria. Patients with recurrent optic neuritis are to be well examined, in order to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe adequate therapy. Clinical manifestations of chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy tend to regress and stabilize against a background of immunosuppressive therapy. Keywords: chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy, clinical cases

scholarly journals Antidiarrhoeal Activity ofMusa paradisiacaSap in Wistar Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa T. Yakubu ◽  
Quadri O. Nurudeen ◽  
Saoban S. Salimon ◽  
Monsurat O. Yakubu ◽  
Rukayat O. Jimoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca

The folkloric claim ofMusa paradisiacasap in the management of diarrhoea is yet to be substantiated or refuted with scientific data. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to screen the sap ofM. paradisiacafor both its secondary metabolites and antidiarrhoeal activity at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mL in rats. Secondary metabolites were screened using standard methods while the antidiarrhoeal activity was done by adopting the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal, castor oil-induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility models. The sap contained flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and steroids while cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, triterpenes, cardenolides, and dienolides were not detected. In the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model, the sap significantly (P<0.05) prolonged the onset time of diarrhoea, decreased the number, fresh weight, and water content of feaces, and increased the inhibition of defecations. Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the small intestine increased significantly whereas nitric oxide content decreased. The decreases in the masses and volumes of intestinal fluid by the sap were accompanied by increase in inhibition of intestinal fluid content in the enteropooling model. The sap decreased the charcoal meal transit in the gastrointestinal motility model. In all the models, the 1.00 mL of the sap produced changes that compared well with the reference drugs. Overall, the antidiarrhoeal activity ofMusa paradisiacasap attributed to the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and/or saponins which may involve, among others, enhancing fluid and electrolyte absorption throughde novosynthesis of the sodium potassium ATPase and/or reduced nitric oxide levels.

scholarly journals Exploration of Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Diarrheal, Gastrointestinal Motility and Acute Toxicity of Different Extracts of Citrus Assamensis Leaf

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahriar ◽  
Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Sohel Rana
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Vehicle Treated Group

Citrus assamensis (Family: Rutaceae), commonly known as Satkara, is a pharmacologically diverse medicinal plant. In the present study, the leaf extracts of C. assamensis were subjected to evaluate in vitro anti-diabetic as well as in vivo anti-diarrheal, gastrointestinal motility and acute toxicity activity on Swiss albino mice by using standard protocol. Ethanol and chloroform extracts showed significant inhibitory potentials (**p<0.01) against in vitro α-amylase enzyme at the concentration of 80μg/mL. Significant (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001) reduction in the number of wet feces and percentage inhibition of diarrheal activity over three hours was observed with all the test doses of the extract compared with the vehicle treated group. Both doses of methanol and ethanol extracts (*p<0.05) and chloroform extract at doses of 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of wet feces compared to the control. None of the extracts showed any significant in vivo acute toxicity effect on mice. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 111-120, 2018

scholarly journals Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Healing of Third-Degree Burns Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Laboratory Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhallad Abdul Kareem Ramadhan ◽  
Abbas Najee Balasm ◽  
Sanaa Basher Kadhm ◽  
Haider Faleh Al-Saedi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Petroleum Jelly ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Skin Burn ◽  
Thickness Skin

AbstractThe treatment of full-thickness skin burn using nanomaterials is promising as a medical application reducing the risk of infection and severe dermal scarring. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nanomaterials, particularly 3% silver nanoparticles containing ointment (3% SNO), on the full-thickness skin burn of laboratory mice. A total number of 36 male mice were used, equally divided into three groups: negative control (not burned and not treated); positive control (+ve) (burned and treated with castor oil and white petroleum jelly); and SNO-treated group (burned and treated with 3% SNO). The skin of the animals’ back was shaved. A 2x0.5 cm metal plate was heated on a burner to burn the skin of the animals of positive control and SNO-treated groups. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial suspension was applied to the burnt area. The application of SNO, as well as the mixture of white petroleum jelly and castor oil, was started after 6 hours of inducing burns and continued for 14 days (three times daily) in the respected groups. The SNO-treated group showed accelerated healing within 14 days demonstrated by re-epithelialization of the epidermal layer and proliferation of the fibroblasts in the dermal layer. Less healing evidence was observed in the +ve control group in the same period. In conclusion, to our knowledge, this is the first study that uses a 3% SNO formula and has found that it has a promising impact on the treatment of infected skin burns.

scholarly journals Activity of methanol root extract of Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel.) Bullock on castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Bukhari Mahmud ◽  
Lawan Ijudigal ◽  
Ibrahim Yunusa ◽  
Aishatu Shehu ◽  
Mohammed Garba Magaji
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Accumulation

This study aimed at providing pharmacological rationale for the ethnomedicinal use of Parquetina nigrescens root in the treatment of diarrhoea. The antidiarrhoeal activity of methanol root extract of P. nigrescens(MPN) was determined using castor oil-induced diarrhoea (COD), castor oil-induced enteropooling (COE) and gastrointestinal motility (GIT) tests. In COD, MPN at all doses significantly (p≤0.01) delayed the onset of diarrhoea and significantly (p≤0.05) decreased the number of wet faeces (with percentage inhibition of 52.2; 53.33 and 71.13 at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) respectively. The frequency of defecation was significantly (p≤0.01) decreased at 50 and 100 mg/kg. In COE, MPN at all doses significantly (p≤0.01) reduced the volume of intestinal content with percentage inhibition of intestinal fluid accumulation of 79.36; 47.62; 68.25 at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg respectively against control. In the GIT test, MPN significantly (p≤0.01) decreased the distance travelled by charcoal with a percentage reduction of peristalsis index of 41.19; 47.26; 43.46 at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg respectively against control. The percentage inhibition of GIT at all doses of MPN was 50.48, 39.00 and 45.62 respectively. MPN possesses antidiarrhoeal activity thus, the credence for its ethnomedicinal use in the treatment of diarrhoea. Keywords: Diarrhoea, castor oil, enteropooling, gastrointestinal motility, Parquetina nigrescens

scholarly journals Antidiarrhoeal Activity and Total Tannin Content of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Codiaeum variegatum

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Khalid Labu ◽  
Farhina Rahman Laboni ◽  
Mir Md Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Md Sariful Islam Howlader
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Codiaeum Variegatum ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Effect

The present study was designed to investigate the antidiarrhoeal activity and determine the total tannin content of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Codiaeum variegatum (Family- Euphorbiaceae). The antidiarrhoeal activity was evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice and the total tannin content was determined by using the Folin-Coicalteu phenol reagent. The ethanolic extract of leaves of C. variegatum showed a positive effect on castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice. In the antidiarrhoeal assay the extract inhibited the mean number of defecation by 40.81% and 59.18% (p<0.01 & p<0.001) at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The latent period for the extract treated group was (p<0.01 & p<0.001) increased as compared to control group. The total tannin content was quite significant and high in ethanolic extract (241.41 mg/g of tannic acid equivalent). Phytochemical screenings of the leaf extract indicated the presence of carbohydrate (reducing sugars), gums, steroids, alkaloids and tannins. Therefore, the results of the present study provide the scientific basis for the traditional uses of this plant as remedy for diarrhea.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(1): 87-90, 2015 (June)

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