scholarly journals Functional Role of p53 in the Regulation of Chemical-Induced Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Liu ◽  
Lihong Fan ◽  
Chengrong Lu ◽  
Shutao Yin ◽  
Hongbo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
P53 Activation ◽  
Transcription Factor P53 ◽  
The Relationship

The nuclear transcription factor p53, discovered in 1979, has a broad range of biological functions, primarily the regulation of apoptosis, the cell cycle, and DNA repair. In addition to these canonical functions, a growing body of evidence suggests that p53 plays an important role in regulating intracellular redox homeostasis through transcriptional and nontranscriptional mechanisms. Oxidative stress induction and p53 activation are common responses to chemical exposure and are suggested to play critical roles in chemical-induced toxicity. The activation of p53 can exert either prooxidant or antioxidant activity, depending on the context. In this review, we discuss the functional role of p53 in regulating chemical-induced oxidative stress, summarize the potential signaling pathways involved in p53’s regulation of chemically mediated oxidative stress, and propose issues that should be addressed in future studies to improve understanding of the relationship between p53 and chemical-induced oxidative stress.

Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis (literature review)

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
S. V. Bulgakova ◽  
A. V. Melikova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Large Body ◽  
World Population ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a disease of great medical and social significance for the world population. At the same time, the underlying pathogenesis of this pathology is not fully understood. A large body of research suggests that endocrine changes associated with postmenopause can lead to disruption of redox homeostasis and oxidative stress that affects bone metabolism. This literature review analyzes the relationship between hypoestrogenemia, oxidative stress and postmenopausal osteoporosis, as well as methods for the prevention and treatment of these conditions.

scholarly journals Role of Exosomal MicroRNAs and Their Crosstalk with Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jun Lu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Jinqi Liang ◽  
Jiayu Diao ◽  
Peilong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Osteoporosis (OP) is an aging-related disease involving permanent bone tissue atrophy. Most patients with OP show high levels of oxidative stress (OS), which destroys the microstructure of bone tissue and promotes disease progression. Exosomes (exos) help in the delivery of microRNAs (miRNAs) and allow intercellular communication. In OP, exosomal miRNAs modulate several physiological processes, including the OS response. In the present review, we aim to describe how exosomal miRNAs and OS contribute to OP. We first summarize the relationship of OS with OP and then detail the features of exos along with the functions of exo-related miRNAs. Further, we explore the interplay between exosomal miRNAs and OS in OP and summarize the functional role of exos in OP. Finally, we identify the advantages of exo-based miRNA delivery in treatment strategies for OP. Our review seeks to improve the current understanding of the mechanism underlying OP pathogenesis and lay the foundation for the development of novel theranostic approaches for OP.

scholarly journals Antioxidants for the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Are We There Yet?

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Carmen Griñan-Lison ◽  
Jose L. Blaya-Cánovas ◽  
Araceli López-Tejada ◽  
Marta Ávalos-Moreno ◽  
Alba Navarro-Ocón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Breast Carcinogenesis ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Potential Use

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women. Oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been related to cancer progression. Compared to their normal counterparts, tumor cells show higher ROS levels and tight regulation of REDOX homeostasis to maintain a low degree of oxidative stress. Traditionally antioxidants have been extensively investigated to counteract breast carcinogenesis and tumor progression as chemopreventive agents; however, there is growing evidence indicating their potential as adjuvants for the treatment of breast cancer. Aimed to elucidate whether antioxidants could be a reality in the management of breast cancer patients, this review focuses on the latest investigations regarding the ambivalent role of antioxidants in the development of breast cancer, with special attention to the results derived from clinical trials, as well as their potential use as plausible agents in combination therapy and their power to ameliorate the side effects attributed to standard therapeutics. Data retrieved herein suggest that antioxidants play an important role in breast cancer prevention and the improvement of therapeutic efficacy; nevertheless, appropriate patient stratification based on “redoxidomics” or tumor subtype is mandatory in order to define the dosage for future standardized and personalized treatments of patients.

scholarly journals Glutathione “Redox Homeostasis” and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan P. Bajic ◽  
Christophe Van Neste ◽  
Milan Obradovic ◽  
Sonja Zafirovic ◽  
Djordje Radak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanism ◽  
Redox Mechanism ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Glutathione Redox

More people die from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than from any other cause. Cardiovascular complications are thought to arise from enhanced levels of free radicals causing impaired “redox homeostasis,” which represents the interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and reductive stress (RS). In this review, we compile several experimental research findings that show sustained shifts towards OS will alter the homeostatic redox mechanism to cause cardiovascular complications, as well as findings that show a prolonged antioxidant state or RS can similarly lead to such cardiovascular complications. This experimental evidence is specifically focused on the role of glutathione, the most abundant antioxidant in the heart, in a redox homeostatic mechanism that has been shifted towards OS or RS. This may lead to impairment of cellular signaling mechanisms and elevated pools of proteotoxicity associated with cardiac dysfunction.

scholarly journals Roles of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors (NMDARs) in Epilepsy

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Chen ◽  
Da Xu ◽  
Liu Fan ◽  
Zhi Fang ◽  
Xiufeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmission ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neuron Injury

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures. The mechanism of epilepsy remains unclear and previous studies suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an important role in abnormal discharges, nerve conduction, neuron injury and inflammation, thereby they may participate in epileptogenesis. NMDARs belong to a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors that play essential roles in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the mammalian CNS. Despite numerous studies focusing on the role of NMDAR in epilepsy, the relationship appeared to be elusive. In this article, we reviewed the regulation of NMDAR and possible mechanisms of NMDAR in epilepsy and in respect of onset, development, and treatment, trying to provide more evidence for future studies.

scholarly journals Pathogen Threat and In-group Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Imada ◽  
Nobuhiro Mifune
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intergroup Behavior

Disease-causing parasites and pathogens play a pivotal role in intergroup behavior. Previous studies have suggested that the selection pressure posed by pathogen threat has resulted in in-group assortative sociality, including xenophobia and in-group favoritism. While the current literature has collated numerous studies on the former, strikingly, there has not been much research on the relationship between pathogen threat and in-group cooperation. Drawing upon prior studies on the function of the behavioral immune system (BIS), we argued that the BIS might facilitate cooperation with in-group members as a reactive behavioral immune response to pathogen threat. More specifically, we held that individuals might utilize cooperative behavior to ensure that they can receive social support when they have contracted an infectious disease. We reviewed existing findings pertaining to the potential role of the BIS in in-group cooperation and discussed directions for future studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Blueberry Anthocyanins Malvidin and Glycosides on the Antioxidant Properties in Endothelial Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuyang Huang ◽  
Yunming Zhu ◽  
Chunyang Li ◽  
Zhongquan Sui ◽  
Weihong Min
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Good Resource

The objective of this research was to survey the antioxidant functional role of the main anthocyanins of blueberries in endothelial cells. Changes on the reactive oxygen species (ROS), xanthine oxidase-1 (XO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in cells of malvidin and the two glycosides were investigated. The results showed that these anthocyanins decreased the levels of ROS and XO-1 but increased the levels of SOD and HO-1. Glycosides improved the antioxidant capacity of malvidin to a great extent. The changes in the antioxidant properties of malvidin-3-glucoside were more pronounced than malvidin-3-galactoside. Variation in levels of malvidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-galactoside had a significant impact on antioxidant properties to different extents. It indicates that blueberries are a good resource of anthocyanins, which can protect cells from oxidative deterioration and use blueberry as a potential functional food to prevent diseases related to oxidative stress.

Natriuretic peptides in hormonal regulation of hypoxia responses

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. R257-R264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli Arjamaa ◽  
Mikko Nikinmaa
Keyword(s):  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
The Relationship

The possibility that natriuretic peptides' effects are important in hypoxia responses of vertebrates is reviewed. Both the transcription and release of natriuretic peptides are affected by oxygen tension. Furthermore, many of the effects observed in hypoxia, such as diuresis and a reduction of plasma volume, are also caused by treatment of the animal with natriuretic peptides. Also, several clinical observations about changes in natriuretic peptide levels in, e.g., sleep apnea and cyanotic congenital heart disease, are consistent with the idea that hypoxia is involved in the etiology of conditions, in which natriuretic peptide levels increase. Virtually all published information on the relationship between oxygen and natriuretic peptides is based on human studies. Because hypoxic conditions are more common in aquatic than terrestrial environments, future studies about the possible role of natriuretic peptides in hypoxia, as well as the role of hypoxia in the evolution of natriuretic peptides, including the different subtypes, should increasingly involve also aquatic organisms.

Impact and Role of Motivation Theories in Continuous Improvement Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Brian J. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Job Design ◽  
Internal Communication ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Quality And Reliability ◽  
The Relationship

A large number of the well-performing organizations in the world are believed to have better environments that produce highly motivated employees to attain their goals. As noted in the various literatures reviewed in this study, improved working conditions in companies, such as Dell Technologies and Apple Inc., are responsible for the overall organizational success within the highly contested market. When employees are motivated, they also work towards improving the conditions within the workplaces, so the relationship between the two is mutual. In addition, pay satisfaction, job design, and internal communication of an organization contributes to its workforce motivation, which results in improved productivity for the entire organization. On the other hand, highly motivated employees encourage organizational managers to offer better payment to their organizations, to attain satisfactory job design, and to improve internal communication. Even though this study utilized few articles in the literature review, its findings significantly contribute to the modern literature. However, future studies should consider using more materials and multiple variables to improve the quality and reliability of the outcomes.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and the Dwarfing Candidate Gene of “Nantongxiaofangshi” (Diospyros kaki Thunb.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yuhan Dong ◽  
Peihong Wang ◽  
Mengting Jiang ◽  
Shenchun Qu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Plant Growth Inhibitor ◽  
The Relationship

The aims of this work were to identify genes related to dwarfing for subsequent dwarfing-related research in persimmon and evaluate the relationship between antioxidant activity, dwarf, and hormones of persimmon trees for analyzing the possible dwarf mechanism oxidation factors. In the present study, a transcriptome analysis of “Nantongxiaofangshi” was used to identify and clone 22 candidate genes related to gibberellin signal transduction pathways and synthetic pathway. The expression of these genes was assessed in two persimmon cultivars, “Dafangshi” and “Nantongxiaofangshi,” by RT-qPCR at different phenological stages and in response to the exogenous application of GA3 (GA treatment) and PAZ (paclobutrazol, a plant growth inhibitor, also called PP333). The results revealed differential expression of 14 of these 22 genes in the two varieties. Subsequently, endogenous hormone levels were assessed of the two varieties, along with the number of internodes and internode length. The results suggested that the persimmon could be used as a valuable and powerful natural candidate for providing information on the functional role of dwarfing.

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