scholarly journals Assessment of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Mutant Lines for Drought Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Karidiatou Gnankambary ◽  
Nerbéwendé Sawadogo ◽  
Zakaria Diéni ◽  
Téyouré Benoit Joseph Batieno ◽  
Jean Baptiste De Salle Tignegré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mutant Lines

Cowpea provides the cheapest source of protein with an average range of protein content of 23–30%. However, cowpea growth, development, and yield are greatly affected by drought during flowering and pod filling in the sub-Sahelian areas. The best way to cope with this situation is to develop drought-tolerant cowpea varieties. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate cowpea lines developed through mutagenesis using gamma radiation to assess their reaction under optimal and water-stressed conditions. The response of ten mutants-irradiated Moussa local was then evaluated in pots arranged in a split plot design in a screen house. Two conditions were applied with optimum and water-stressed conditions. The stress was applied for two weeks at flowering. Two cowpea varieties Gorom local (drought-tolerant) and Moussa local (susceptible) nonirradiated were used as checks. Thereafter, field trials under two different sowing dates were conducted to identify the best tolerant mutant line(s) using agromorphological and tolerance indicators. The results indicated that mutant lines (MoussaM51-4P10 and MoussaM43-20P14) exhibited better stress tolerance and produced higher yield under water stress conditions. Stress Tolerance Index (STI) was better to select cowpea mutant tolerant with higher yielding under moderate stress (SI = 35%). The study confirmed that water stress has a negative effect on cowpea seeds production and on leaf chlorophyll content. The high temperature during experiment increased water stress effect mainly on non-irradiated checks (Gorom local and Moussa local).

scholarly journals Canopy Temperature and Chlorophyll Content are Effective Measures of Drought Stress Tolerance in Durum Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh JOKAR ◽  
Rahmatollah KARIMIZADEH ◽  
Asad MASOUMIASL ◽  
Reza AMIRI FAHLIANI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) is used for the preparation of multiple food products, including pasta and bread. Its production is restricted due to diverse environmental stresses i.e. drought and heat stress. Here, comparative analysis of durum wheat varieties was done by studying canopy temperature depression (CTD) and chlorophyll content (CHL), yield and yield contributing traits to evaluate their performance under stress and low stress conditions. Twelve durum wheat genotypes were studied under stressful and low-stress conditions in Gachsaran region of Iran. CTD and CHL were measured at two stages, from the emergence of fifty percent of inflorescence (ZGS 54) to watery ripe stage (ZGS 71). According to stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) indices, genotype G10 exhibited the most, while genotype G6, the least relative tolerance, respectively. Based on MP and GMP, genotype G10 was found to be drought tolerant, while genotype G2 displayed the lowest amount of MP and GMP. Therefore these genotypes are recommended to be used as genitors in artificial hybridization for improvement of drought tolerance in other cultivars. All indices had high correlation with grain yield under stress and non-stress condition, indicating more suitability of these indices for selection of resistant genotype. Results of the present study showed that among drought tolerance indices, harmonic mean (HM), GMP, CTD and modified STI index (K2STI) can be used as the most suitable indicators for screening drought tolerant cultivars.

scholarly journals Drought Resistance Indices for Screening of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Zerihun Kebede Beyene ◽  
Firew Mekbib ◽  
Tesfaye Abebe ◽  
Asrat Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Drought Tolerant

In breeding for drought tolerance, availability of precise, cheap and easy to apply selection tool is critical. The aim of the present study was to identify potential screening tools that are useful for selection of drought tolerant genotypes in potato and select drought resistant potato genotypes. The study assessed sixty clones arranged in a 10×6 alpha lattice design with two replicates in a managed stress experiment. Two irrigation treatments were applied: fully watered non-stress and terminal drought, where the irrigation water supply to the crop was withheld after 50 % flowering to induce post-flowering stress. Stress indices were calculated based on tuber yield of genotypes in both stressed and non-stressed conditions. Identification of drought tolerant genotypes based on a single index was less informative as different indices identified different genotypes as drought tolerant. Hence, to determine the most desirable drought tolerant clones rank sum of indices, correlation, and bi-plot display of the principal component analysis was employed. The indices modified stress tolerance index based on non-stressed yield, Men productivity, Geometric mean productivity, Stress tolerance index, Harmonic mean, modified stress tolerance index based on stressed yield and Yield index exhibited strong association with both yield under stressed and non-stressed yield. These indices discriminated drought tolerant genotypes with higher tuber yielding potential both under stress and non-stress conditions. Genotypes CIP-398180.612, CIP-397069.5, and CIP-304371.67 were identified as drought tolerant. These genotypes could be potentially grown both under drought prone and potential environments and these selection attributes could help to develop climate resilient potato varieties.

scholarly journals Putative Mechanisms of Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.) via Root System Architecture Traits

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. M. Al-Naggar ◽  
M. M. Shafik ◽  
M. O. A. Elsheikh
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Crown Root ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Identifying maize genotypes with favorable root architecture traits for drought tolerance is prerequisite for initiating a successful breeding program for developing high yielding and drought tolerant varieties of maize. The aims of the present study were: (i) to identify drought tolerant genotypes of maize at flowering and grain filling, (ii) to interpret the correlations between the drought tolerance and root architecture traits and (iii) to identify the putative mechanisms of drought tolerance via root system traits. An experiment was carried out in two years using a split plot design with three replications. The main plots were assigned to three water stress levels, namely: well watering (WW), water stress at flowering (WSF) and water stress at grain filling (WSG), and sub-plots to 22 maize cultivars and populations. Drought tolerance index (DTI) had strong and positive associations with crown root length (CRL), root circumference (RC) and root dry weight (DRW) under both WSF and WSG, a negative correlation with brace root whorls (BW), and positive correlations with crown root number (CN) under WSF and brace root branching (BB) and crown root branching (CB) under WSG. These root traits are therefore considered as putative mechanisms of drought tolerance. The cultivars Pioneer-3444, SC-128, Egaseed-77, SC-10 and TWC-324 showed the most drought tolerant and the highest yielding in a descending order; each had a number of such drought tolerance mechanisms. Further investigation should be conducted to determine the underlying root mechanisms contributing to the selection of water-efficient hybrids of maize.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of drought-tolerant sorghum genotype SC56 in response to water stress reveals an oxidative stress defense strategy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Olden ◽  
Arthur G. Hunt ◽  
Randy Dinkins
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Conditions

Abstract Background Drought tolerance is a crucial trait for crops to curtail the yield loss inflicted by water stress to crops, yet genetic improvement efforts are challenged by the complexity of this character. The adaptation of sorghum to abiotic stress, its genotypic variability, and relatively small genome make this species well-suited to dissect the molecular basis of drought tolerance. One efficient approach to this question is the use of differential transcriptome analysis, which provides a snapshot of the processes underlying drought response as well as genes that might be determinants of the drought tolerance trait. Results RNA sequencing was used to compare the transcriptome profiles of two sorghum lines, the drought-tolerant SC56 and the drought-sensitive Tx7000. The differential expression analysis revealed unambiguous genotypic disparities, including a massive increase of upregulated transcripts in SC56. Concomitantly, gene ontology enrichment showed that SC56 biologically outperformed Tx7000 in wet conditions, since it upregulated processes driving growth and guaranteeing homeostasis. The drought tolerance of SC56 seems to be an intrinsic trait that occurs through the overexpression of stress tolerance genes in wet conditions, notably those acting in defense against oxidative stress (SOD1, SOD2, VTC1, MDAR1, MSRB2, and ABC1K1). Under drought conditions, SC56 enhanced its transmembrane transport and maintained growth-promoting mechanisms similar to those implemented under wet conditions. SC56 also appears to preserve its biological function, in a limiting environment, by relying on reported validated stress tolerance genes that heighten the antioxidant capacity (SOD1, RCI3, VTE1, UCP1, FD1, and FD2), regulatory factors (CIPK1 and CRK7), and repressors of premature senescence (SAUL1). Of the stress tolerance genes overexpressed under both wet and drought conditions, DHAR2 might be a key determinant of drought tolerance since its role in recycling ascorbic acid was described to be directly linked to protection against reactive oxygen species-mediated damage, positive effects on photosynthetic activity, higher rate of plant growth, and delayed leaf aging. Conclusion The differential expression analysis uncovered biological processes which upregulation enables SC56 to be a better accumulator of biomass and connects the drought tolerance trait to key stress tolerance genes, making this genotype a judicious choice for isolation of tolerance genes.

Screening drought tolerance criteria in maize

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Farshadfar ◽  
J. Sutka
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Pure Lines

Six pure lines of maize were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replications under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Genetic variation was found between the genotypes for yield potential (Yp), stress yield (Ys), tolerance index (TOL), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM) and stress tolerance index (STI). Stress tolerance index was corrected using a correction coefficient (ki) and thus a modified stress tolerance index (MSTI) was introduced as the optimal selection criterion for drought-tolerant genotypes. The results of three-D plotting indicated that the most desirable genotype for irrigated and rainfed conditions was the genotype K1515, for non-stressed conditions K18 and for stress conditions K104/3, K760/7 and K126/10.

scholarly journals Identifying drought tolerant wheat varieties using different indices

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
RP Meena ◽  
SC Tripathi ◽  
S Chander ◽  
RS Chookar ◽  
Msamrutha A Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Moisture stress is a major constraint in productivity across the wheat growing zones of India. Climate change and uneven rainfall further aggravate the situation under moisture stress environments. Wheat genotypes capable of giving increased yield under a broad range of optimal and sub-optimal water availability are considered desirable. This study was undertaken to evaluate various selection indices of moisture stress and their applicability in identifying drought tolerant wheat genotypes which can adapt to various moisture stressed environments in different wheat growing zones of India i.e., North Western Plain Zone, North Eastern Plain Zone, Central Zone and Peninsular Zone. A set of wheat genotypes were tested under moisture stress condition of different irrigation regimes. Irrigation treatments were arranged as main plots and varieties as sub plots. Fifteen wheat varieties representing major wheat growing zones of India were tested for water stress tolerance during two consecutive years. It was found that yield under irrigated conditions (Ypi), yield under stress conditions (Ysi) and lower stress tolerance index (STI), were marked indices for stress tolerance. Significantly positive correlation of Ypi and Ysi with STI, mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) were obtained during both the years of the study. The indices of STI, MP and GMP could be used as the desirable indices for screening drought tolerant varieties. On the basis of findings of these indices wheat varieties NI-5439, WH-1021 and HD-2733 were found having higher stress tolerance and with better yield potential under both normal and restricted irrigation conditions of India.SAARC J. Agri., 13(1): 148-161 (2015)

scholarly journals Drought-Tolerant Barley: I. Field Observations of Growth and Development

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carter ◽  
Hawes ◽  
Ottman
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
High Input ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Rooting Pattern ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Significant Achievement ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Developmental Traits

An ever-growing challenge to agricultural production worldwide is the reduced availability of water and increased incidence of drought. The development of low-irrigation barley cultivars marks a significant achievement in breeding efforts for drought tolerance, but specific traits conferring adaptation to water stress remain unclear. Here, we report results from two years of replicated field trials comparing yield, phenology, water usage, and rooting characteristics of low-irrigation varieties “Solar” and “Solum” to high-input, semi-dwarf varieties “Kopious” and “Cochise”. The objective was to identify differential performance of varieties under high- and low-water conditions through comparison of growth and developmental traits. Rooting characteristics were analyzed by digging in-field root profile walls to a depth of 1.8 m. Varieties were compared under high (877 mm) and low (223 mm) water regimes including irrigation and precipitation. Observed traits associated with improved performance of the low-irrigation varieties under drought conditions included early vigor, early flowering, greater root growth at 40–80 cm depth, and more effective water use exhibited by greater water extraction post-anthesis. The deeper rooting pattern of the low-irrigation varieties may be related to their ability to use more water post-anthesis under water stress, and thus, to fill grain, compared to high input varieties.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Indices for Screening Some of Corn (Zea mays L.) Cultivars under Environmental Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohhamad Reza NAGHAVI ◽  
Alireza POUR ABOUGHADAREH ◽  
Marouf KHALILI
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
Tolerance Indices

In order to study the effect of drought stress on eight cultivars corn (Zea mays L.), an experiment was conducted in a factorial experimental on the basis of randomized complete block design under two irrigated conditions during 2010-2011 cropping season. Twelve drought tolerance/resistance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), geometric mean production (GMP), mean production (MP), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), relative drought index (RDI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI) and modified stress tolerance (K1STI and K2STI) were calculated based on grain yield under drought and irrigated conditions. Yield in stress and non-stress conditions were significantly and positively correlated with STI, GMP, MP, YI, TOL, DI, RDI, YSI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI and negatively correlated with SSI. Yield in stress and non-stress conditions were significantly and positively correlated with STI, GMP, MP, YI, TOL, DI, RDI, YSI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI and negatively correlated with SSI. Screening drought tolerant cultivars using ranking method, three dimensional plots discriminated cultivars ‘KSC720’, KSC 710GT and ‘KSC 700’ as the most drought tolerant. Cluster analysis classified the cultivars into three groups i.e., tolerant, susceptible and semi-susceptible to drought conditions. In general, Results of this study showed that among drought tolerance indices STI, YI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI can be used as the most suitable indicators for screening drought tolerant cultivars and ‘KSC720’, KSC 710 GT and ‘KSC 700’ had the highest tolerance to drought in our studies condition.

scholarly journals Estimation of drought tolerance among maize landraces from mini-core collection

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Andjelkovic ◽  
Natalija Kravic ◽  
Vojka Babic ◽  
Dragana Ignjatovic-Micic ◽  
Zoran Dumanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
High Density ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Landraces

Global climate change, its impact on stable food production in the future and possibilities to overcome the problem are the major priorities for research. Breeding varieties with increase adaptability to changing environments, together with better tolerance/resistance to abiotic stress, pest and diseases are possible solution. Maize is one of the most important crops, with high grain yield reduction induced by drought stress. In the present study twenty-six maize landraces from drought tolerant mini-core collection were tested under optimal, drought, and a combination of drought and high density stresses in the field. Morphological traits, plant height, total number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, anthesis-silking interval and grain yield were recorded for each entry in two replications in three experiments. Besides, drought tolerant indices were evaluated to test the ability to separate more drought tolerant accessions from those with less stress tolerance. Five stress tolerance indices, including stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility (SSI), and stress tolerance (TOL) were calculated. Data analyses revealed that STI, MP and GMP had positive and significant correlations with grain yield under all conditions. Three-dimensional diagrams displayed assignment of landraces L25, L1, L14, L3, L26, L15 and L16 to group A, based on the stress tolerance index and achieved grain yield under optimal, drought stress, and a combination of drought and high density stress. A biplot analysis efficiently separated groups of landraces with different level of drought tolerance and grain yield. Based on all obtained results, maize landraces L25, L14, L1 and L3, as the most valuable source of drought tolerance, could be recommended for further use in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Water-stress Screening in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Genotypes using Polyethylene Glycol 6000 at Seedling Growth Stage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Mohanlal ◽  
K. Saravanan ◽  
T. Sabesan
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000 ◽  
Pot Culture

Background: Blackgram is one of the important pulse crops belongs to the Papilionaceae family. Seed germination and seedling growth are a very important step in the survival of a plant. Water stress is one of the important factors affects seedling growth. Methods: An experiment was conducted to study the effect of water stress on seedling growth in twenty-one blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] genotypes at the pot culture yard of Annamalai University during March 2018. The water stress was created by using Polyethylene Glycol (6000 MW) in different concentrations (0%, 10% and 20%). Different phenotypic characters were recorded such as shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root dry weight at two different levels of treatment and control. The experiment was laid in a completely randomized design with two replications. Result: The combined analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p less than 0.001) among genotypes, treatments and genotypes × treatments interaction. The highest stress tolerance index (STI) was recorded by the genotype ADT-5. Based on clustering and ranking, the genotypes ADT-5, KGB-28, RU-16-9, VBG-10010 and VBG-12062 were classified as drought-tolerant. Overall, pot culture screening of 21 blackgram genotypes for drought tolerance at seedling stage using various concentrations of PEG 6000 resulted in the identification of drought-tolerant genotypes, where ADT-5 showed the highest tolerance followed by KGB-28 and RU-16-9.

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