scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic, Vasodilator, and Diuretic Activities of Microencapsulated Bioactive Product from Moringa stenopetala Leaves Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Debebe Worku Dadi ◽  
Shimelis Admassu Emire ◽  
Asfaw Debella Hagos ◽  
Frehiwot Teka ◽  
Samuel Woldekidan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Moringa Stenopetala ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
The Core ◽  
Bioactive Product ◽  
Different Doses

Moringa stenopetala has nutritional and medicinal values, which is widely used by the local communities. The study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic, vasodilator, and diuretic activities of the microencapsulated bioactive product from M. stenopetala leaves extract. Microencapsulation of the extract was done by spray drying technique using maltodextrin and pectin as coating materials with the core: coating ratio of 1 : 6. Then, the antihyperglycemic, diuretic, and vasodilator activities were evaluated after the product was administered to experimental animals at different doses and compared with the control groups. There were no observed physical, behavioral, and physiological changes on the mice during the acute toxicity test. The results also indicated no toxicity signs and death occurrence in the experimental animals up to 5000 mg/kg administered dose. Therefore, microencapsulated M. stenopetala leaves extract does not produce adverse effects in experimental mice. The study also showed that the microencapsulated bioactive product exhibited significant antihyperglycemic, vasodilator, and diuretic activities as the doses increase. Therefore, the study showed that microencapsulated bioactive product has significant medicinal values. Further detailed studies are recommended on chronic toxicity tests and to understand the possible mechanism of actions on the antihyperglycemic, vasodilator, and diuretic activities of the microencapsulated product.

Acute and chronic toxicity studies on Polygonum glabrum in experimental animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Saravanakumar A ◽  
Gandhimathi R
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Diuretic Agents

Polygonum glabrum is being used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat pneumonia and jaundice. Plant roots are used in ayurvedic preparations to treat fever and colic. The leaves are used as diuretic agents and process vermifuge action. Plant decoction is also used in the treatment of Rheumatism. Besides having many uses and folklore claims, herbal medicines are to be thoroughly investigated for their toxicity also. Therefore this work is being carried out to examine the toxicity of the drug and established dose is safe to use in the clinical stage. The current research studied the acute and chronic toxicity of Polygonum glabrum root extract in rats. It is proved that there was no change in any parameter tested both in acute and chronic toxicity, which means the extract is safe and non-toxic at the dose of 2g/kg also.

Use of Biomonitoring to Control Toxics in the United States

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxic Pollutants ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Biological Field

A biomonitoring program has been developed in support of the National Policy for the Development of Water Quality-Based Permit Limitations for Toxic Pollutants. The program focuses on the use of laboratory toxicity tests on aquatic plants and animals to predict ecosystem impact caused by toxic pollutants. Both acute and chronic toxicity tests were developed to test effluents and ambient waters. Laboratory and biological field studies were conducted at nine sites. Single species laboratory toxicity tests were found to be good predictors of impacts on the ecosystem when two or more species were used. Biomonitoring can be undertaken either on effluents and/or on the receiving waters. In that toxicity related to seeps, leachates and storm sewers has often been found upstream from dischargers, it is beneficial to conduct both effluent and ambient biomonitoring.

scholarly journals Auswirkungen restriktiver Ernährung auf die Wachstumsleistung von Ziegenlämmern

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-294
Author(s):  
Y. Toukourou ◽  
K.-J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract. Title of the paper: Impaet of feed restriction on the growth performance of goat kids The influence of differential feeding levels on growth performance in 72 goat kids "Bunte Deutsche Edelziege" during the pre-weaning period was examined. The 72 animals were assigned to a control group and two experimental groups that received respectively 20% and 40% less milk/less concentrate compared to the control (fed at 2.4 times energy demand for maintenance). The experimental gained animals significantly less relative to the control group. However, during the subsequent realimentation period when all animals were fed at a energy level of 2.4 times maintenance same treatment, the daily weight gain among the kids was in inverse proportion to the level ofmilk deprivation in the pre-weaning phase. The rapid growth among the experimental animals was such that the initial differences in body weight between the experimental and control groups were fully compensated. Growth performance of kids with respect to different levels of concentrated feed was less clear cut and d.ffered significantly only behveen the group that received the lowest feed level relative to all the other groups.

scholarly journals Influence of prebiotics in pigs nutrition on body weight and content of Escherichia coli in feces

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Mirjana Delic-Jovic
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
F1 Generation ◽  
Measurement Period

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotics in the diet of piglets after weaning on the increase in the average weight of experimental animals between female (?) and male (?) piglets, dynamically by weeks of experiment, as well as on the presence of Escherichia coli in faeces. The experiment included piglets at weaning, aged about 26 days. The F1 generation was used, which was created by crossing Landrace sows and Pietren boars. The piglets were fed for 56 days (8 weeks). Four groups were formed, each group was composed of 10 piglets (5 females and 5 males) with different concentrations of prebiotics and controls, in two replicates, a total of 100 experimental animals. Feed mixtures consisting of the same nutrients were used in the diet. Control groups (OA and OB) were fed with ordinary feed mixture, without the addition of additives, groups (IA and IB) with the addition of Bio-Mos prebiotics, in a concentration of 0.1%, groups (II-A and II- B) with 0.2%, groups (III-A and III-B) with 0.3% and groups (IV-A and IV-B) were fed with the addition of prebiotics in a concentration of 0.4%. It was concluded that the differences observed in the average weight between ? and ? piglets in any measurement period were not statistically significant. However, the best results in terms of average weight were given by the highest used concentrations of prebiotics in food, 0.4% and 0.3%. The preparation had a positive effect in terms of reducing the number of Escherichia coli bacteria in the digestive tract of piglets in all treatment groups by 42 to 320 times.

scholarly journals Modelling the Optical Properties of Soot Particles under Various Aging Conditions

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Kangwei Li ◽  
Mingming Yan ◽  
Jiandong Shen ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Chunmei Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Mixing State ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Soot Particles ◽  
The Core ◽  
Aging Conditions

As atmospheric fresh soot particles age, they become coated with other chemical species. This transforms their physicochemical properties and affects their optical characteristics, which is of great importance to air quality, the environment and climate change. One of the predominantly occurring states of soot particles in the ambient environment is the core-shell mixing state. In this study, we used the core-shell model to calculate the optical absorption, scattering and extinction efficiency, absorption proportion and absorption exponent of coated soot particles. We then investigated the effects of different core sizes (D0), incident wavelengths (λ), coating materials and coating thicknesses on these optical characteristics. Absorption efficiency and absorption proportion of soot particles decreased as the coating became thicker, at core sizes of D0 = 20, 50 and 100 nm and λ = 405, 532 and 781 nm, regardless of the type of coating material. As the coating thickness increased, the absorption exponent (β) of inorganic-coated soot particles tended to rise and then fall, while the β value of organic-coated soot particles kept increasing. Our results advance our scientific understanding of the interaction of optical properties with chemical composition, mixing state, and aging processes of soot particles in the atmosphere.

Effect of prolonged exposure to continuous heat and humidity similar to long haul live export voyages in Merino wethers

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Stockman ◽  
A. L. Barnes ◽  
S. K. Maloney ◽  
E. Taylor ◽  
M. McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
The Core ◽  
Continuous Heat ◽  
Live Export

This experiment investigated the physiological responses of Merino wethers (n = 12) to prolonged high heat and humidity similar to that experienced during long haul, live export voyages from Australia to the Middle East. Merino wethers were randomly assigned to individual pens in rooms with a controlled environment, and exposed to gradually increasing temperatures, and two exposures of 3–4 days of sustained high heat and humidity, up to a maximum of 31°C wet bulb temperature (37°C dry bulb and 67% relative humidity). There was 1 day at thermoneutral temperatures separating the heat exposures. The core temperatures and respiratory rates of Merino wethers increased during both heat exposures, with open-mouthed panting observed during both exposures. Plasma partial pressure carbon dioxide (pCO2) and bicarbonate concentration (HCO3–) decreased, and plasma pH increased during the second heat exposure. Both pCO2 and HCO3– returned to normal immediately following the heat exposures. Feed intake was maintained during the heat exposures. There were no large alterations in blood electrolyte concentrations attributable to the effects of the heat. The results show that Merino wethers experienced significant physiological changes during exposure to prolonged and continuous high heat and humidity, but maintained most aspects of homeostasis despite being hyperthermic and recovered quickly when conditions returned to thermoneutral.

scholarly journals Changes of urine metabolite profiles are induced by inactivated influenza vaccine inoculations in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eita Sasaki ◽  
Hideki Kusunoki ◽  
Haruka Momose ◽  
Keiko Furuhata ◽  
Kazuo Hosoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Urine Metabolomics ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis ◽  
Urine Metabolite

Abstract The safety evaluation of vaccines is critical to avoid the development of side effects in humans. To increase the sensitivity of detection for toxicity tests, it is important to capture not only pathological changes but also physiological changes. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis of biofluids produces profiles that show characteristic responses to changes in physiological status. In this study, mouse urine metabolomics analysis with 1H NMR was performed using different influenza vaccines of varying toxicity to assess the usefulness of 1H NMR in evaluating vaccine toxicity. Two types of influenza vaccines were used as model vaccines: a toxicity reference vaccine (RE) and a hemagglutinin split vaccine. According to the blood biochemical analyses, the plasma alanine transaminase levels were increased in RE-treated mice. Changes in metabolite levels between mice administered different types of influenza vaccines were observed in the 1H NMR spectra of urine, and a tendency toward dosage-dependent responses for some spectra was observed. Hierarchical clustering analyses and principal component analyses showed that the changes in various urine metabolite levels allowed for the classification of different types of vaccines. Among them, two liver-derived metabolites were shown to largely contribute to the formation of the cluster. These results demonstrate the possibility that urine metabolomics analysis could provide information about vaccine-induced toxicity and physiological changes.

scholarly journals FURTHER STUDIES ON EFFECTS OF TISSUE EXTRACTS ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

1946 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo G. Nutini ◽  
Sister Eva Maria Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Extract ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Tissue Extracts

1. The ability of alcoholic-precipitated extracts of beef tissue—brain, spleen, heart, and kidney—to stimulate the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, in vitro, and to convert the yellow S form to a white R variant with altered biochemical characteristics conforming to those of an avirulent organism, has been confirmed. 2. The avirulence of the white R variant has been established by tests in vivo on mice. 3. Staphylococcus aureus infections induced subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, and intravenously in mice responded favorably to brain extract following subcutaneous or oral administration. The mortality was 2 per cent in 444 experimental animals and 81 per cent in 448 control animals. 4. The extracts appeared equally efficient when used therapeutically (mortality 2 per cent of 162 experimental animals and 90 per cent in the control series) or prophylactically (mortality 2 per cent of 282 experimental animals and 76 per cent in 286 control mice). Extracts of brain and spleen were more effective than those of either heart or kidney. 5. Studies concerning the mechanism of action of the tissue extracts indicate that they prevented the formation of toxin by Staphylococcus aureus, and had but little effect on toxin actions. 6. Toxicity tests revealed that the brain and spleen extracts were relatively non-toxic, dosages equivalent to 2 per cent of the body weight being well tolerated. Kidney and heart extracts were much more toxic, producing mortality in dosages as low as 0.3 per cent of the body weight.

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