scholarly journals Identifying Key MicroRNAs Targeted by Narenmandula in a Rodent Nephropathy Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiulan Wang ◽  
Chun Chang ◽  
Wenjie Jin ◽  
Arun Arun ◽  
Sudunabuqi Sudunabuqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
Treatment Control Group

Background. Untreated nephropathy can progress to renal failure. The traditional Mongolian remedy Narenmandula regulates the kidney “yang.” This study aimed to identify key microRNAs (miRNAs) targeted by Narenmandula in a rat model of nephropathy. Methods. Fifteen rats exhibiting normal renal function were randomized to three study arms. Nephropathy was induced in n = 10 rats using doxorubicin hydrochloride, followed by either Narenmandula treatment (treatment group) or no treatment (control group). In n = 5 rats, no doxorubicin was given and renal function remained unchanged (healthy group). Microarray analysis identified miRNAs which were differentially expressed (DE-miRNAs) between groups. Target genes of DE-miRNAs were predicted using miRWalk version 2.0, followed by enrichment analysis using DAVID, and construction of the miRNA coregulatory network using Cytoscape. Results. Nephropathy was successfully induced, with doxorubicin resulting in differential expression of 3645 miRNAs (1324 upregulated and 2321 downregulated). Narenmandula treatment induced differential expression of a total of 159 miRNAs (102 upregulated and 57 downregulated). Upregulated DE-miRNAs (e.g., miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181c-5p, and miR-30e-5p) and downregulated DE-miRNAs (e.g., miR-330-3p and miR-214-3p) regulated a high number of target genes. Moreover, the miRNA pairs (e.g., miR-195-5p—miR-497-5p, miR-181a-5p—miR-181c-5p, and miR-30e-5p—miR-30a-5p) coregulated a high number of genes. Enrichment analysis indicated functional synergy between miR-30e-5p—miR-30a-3p, miR-34a-5p—miR-30e-5p, miR-30e-5p—miR-195-3p, and miR-30a-3p—miR-195-3p pairs. Conclusion. Narenmandula may modulate doxorubicin-induced nephropathy via targeting miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181c-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-330-3p, miR-214-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30a-5p.

scholarly journals Integrated network analysis identifying potential novel drug candidates and targets for Parkinson's disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pusheng Quan ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Shi Yan ◽  
Shirong Wen ◽  
Chengqun Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Novel Drug

AbstractThis study aimed to identify potential novel drug candidates and targets for Parkinson’s disease. First, 970 genes that have been reported to be related to PD were collected from five databases, and functional enrichment analysis of these genes was conducted to investigate their potential mechanisms. Then, we collected drugs and related targets from DrugBank, narrowed the list by proximity scores and Inverted Gene Set Enrichment analysis of drug targets, and identified potential drug candidates for PD treatment. Finally, we compared the expression distribution of the candidate drug-target genes between the PD group and the control group in the public dataset with the largest sample size (GSE99039) in Gene Expression Omnibus. Ten drugs with an FDR < 0.1 and their corresponding targets were identified. Some target genes of the ten drugs significantly overlapped with PD-related genes or already known therapeutic targets for PD. Nine differentially expressed drug-target genes with p < 0.05 were screened. This work will facilitate further research into the possible efficacy of new drugs for PD and will provide valuable clues for drug design.

Protective effects of histamine on Gq-mediated relaxation in regenerated endothelium

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (2) ◽  
pp. H286-H290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin K. Chan ◽  
Song Yan Liao ◽  
Yue Lin Zhang ◽  
Aimin Xu ◽  
Hung Fat Tse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Porcine Coronary Artery ◽  
Endogenous Histamine ◽  
Coronary Endothelium ◽  
Treatment Control Group

In the porcine coronary artery, regenerated endothelium is dysfunctional as regards the responses to endothelium-dependent agonists. The current study aimed to determine the possible involvement of histamine in such dysfunction. Pigs were treated chronically with pyrilamine (H1 receptor inhibitor, 2 mg·kg−1·day−1) with part of their coronary endothelium and allowed to regenerate for 28 days after balloon denudation. The results showed a reduction in relaxation to bradykinin (Gq protein dependent) only in the pyrilamine-treated group (area under the curve, 269.7 ± 13.4 vs. 142.0 ± 31.0, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium) but not in the control group (253.0 ± 22.1 vs. 231.9 ± 29.5, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). The differences in the relaxation to serotonin (Gi protein dependent) between native and regenerated endothelium were not affected by the pyrilamine treatment (control group, 106.3 ± 17.0 vs. 55.61 ± 12.7; and pyrilamine group, 106.0 ± 8.20 vs. 49.30 ± 6.31, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). These findings indicate that during regeneration of the endothelium, the activation of H1 receptors by endogenous histamine may be required to maintain the endothelium-dependent Gq protein-mediated relaxation to bradykinin, suggesting a beneficial role of the monoamine in the process of endothelial regeneration.

A Treatment/Control Group Study of Growth Hormone Treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 31S-37S ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Y. Whitman ◽  
Susan Myers ◽  
Aaron Carrel ◽  
David Allen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Treatment Control Group

Can placebos prevent intrusive memories?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kube ◽  
Irving Kirsch ◽  
Julia Glombiewski ◽  
Philipp Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Intrusive Memories ◽  
Experimental Psychopathology ◽  
Negative Appraisal ◽  
Treatment Control Group ◽  
Healthy Participants

After traumatic experiences, intrusive memories can flash back and evoke significant distress. Here, we investigated whether the occurrence of intrusions can be prevented by placebo. After the exposure to an experimental psychopathology model of psychological trauma, healthy participants (N=112) were randomised to deceptive placebo (DP), open-label placebo (OLP), or a no-treatment control group. The results show that one week later, the groups did not differ in the frequency of intrusive memories. However, participants receiving OLP reported the lowest intensity of intrusions. Participants receiving DP reported the lowest burden of intrusions. Across groups, the expectation that intrusions will be intense and hardly controllable was associated with a higher frequency of intrusions, higher distress, higher burden, and more negative appraisal. The results suggest that expectations play a crucial role in the emergence of intrusive memories and that at least some of the disabling aspects of intrusive memories can be reduced by placebo.

The Use of Varying High-Confusion versus Low-Confusion Sequences to Teach Letter Discrimination

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
Rosemery O. Nelson ◽  
Kenneth S. Wein
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Matching To Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Treatment Control Group

Within Gibson's framework of teaching children to discriminate the distinctive features of letters, 28 preschool children were trained in letter discrimination using three different types of matching-to-sample alternatives: (1) high-confusion alternatives; (2) low-confusion alternatives; or (3) a sequence of low-, middle-, and high-confusion alternatives. On posttest 1, given after a criterion of two consecutive errorless training days, only the high-confusion and sequence groups significantly improved over their pretest scores as compared with the no-treatment control group. On posttest 2, however, given after a standard number of 20 training days, the performance of all three training groups, including low-confusion, was superior to the control group; no differences were found among the three training groups. The implications of these and other findings for letter discrimination training were discussed.

Increasing Verbalization of Chronic Mental Patients with Operant Techniques: Partial Replication

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-206
Author(s):  
Robert E. Pawlicki ◽  
Gary H. Miller ◽  
Graham A. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Modification ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Partial Replication ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Simple Motor ◽  
Treatment Control Group ◽  
Modification Treatment

The present study replicated previous results showing the effectiveness of behavior-modification techniques in reinstating verbalization in mute psychotics. Those patients experiencing behavior-modification treatment increased their verbalization level significantly more than patients in either an attention-control or a no-treatment control group. Commencing behavior-modification at a simple motor level offers important practical advantages and deserves research attention.

Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in Schoolchildren: Two-Year Follow-Up

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Gillham ◽  
Karen J. Reivich ◽  
Lisa H. Jaycox ◽  
Martin E.P. Seligman
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Social Problem Solving ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Treatment Control Group

After teaching cognitive and social-problem-solving techniques designed to prevent depressive symptoms, we followed 69 fifth- and sixth-grade children at risk for depression for 2 years We compared these children with 49 children in a matched no-treatment control group The prevention group reported fewer depressive symptoms through the 2-year followup, and moderate to severe symptoms were reduced by half Surprisingly, the effects of the prevention program grew larger after the program was over We suggest that psychological immunization against depression can occur by teaching cognitive and social skills to children as they enter puberty

scholarly journals Analysis of small RNA changes in different Brassica napus synthetic allopolyploids

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxiao Wei ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Shujiang Zhang ◽  
Shifan Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Go Enrichment ◽  
Polyploid Formation ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Go Enrichment Analysis

Allopolyploidy is an evolutionary and mechanisticaly intriguing process involving the reconciliation of two or more sets of diverged genomes and regulatory interactions, resulting in new phenotypes. In this study, we explored the small RNA changes of eight F2 synthetic B. napus using small RNA sequencing. We found that a part of miRNAs and siRNAs were non-additively expressed in the synthesized B. napus allotetraploid. Differentially expressed miRNAs and siRNAs differed among eight F2 individuals, and the differential expression of miR159 and miR172 was consistent with that of flowering time trait. The GO enrichment analysis of differential expression miRNA target genes found that most of them were concentrated in ATP-related pathways, which might be a potential regulatory process contributing to heterosis. In addition, the number of siRNAs present in the offspring was significantly higher than that of the parent, and the number of high parents was significantly higher than the number of low parents. The results have shown that the differential expression of miRNA lays the foundation for solving the trait separation phenomenon, and the significant increase of siRNA alleviates the shock of the newly synthesized allopolyploidy. It provides a new perspective of small RNA changes and trait separation in the early stages of allopolyploid polyploid formation.

scholarly journals Treatment with Molgramostim (Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor, Rhugm-Csf, Mielogen) and Lenograstim (Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor) Improves Experimental Colitis in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Apostolos E. Papalois ◽  
Calypso Barbatis ◽  
Dimosthenis Chrysikos ◽  
Maria Korontzi ◽  
Michail Sideris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Histological Score ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Treatment Control Group ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Background/Aim. Treatment with growth factors could be beneficial in both inflammatory bowel disease and experimental colitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF), and Recombinant Human (rHu) Granulocyte Stimulating Factor (GSF) in experimental colitis in rats. Methods. Experimental colitis was induced in 62 male Wistar rats, divided into 9 groups, using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzensulfonic acid (TNBS). Group 1: Ten rats with colitis without treatment (control group). Euthanasia after 15 days. Group 2: Ten animals with colitis without treatment (control group). Euthanasia after 30 days. Group 3: Six animals with colitis. Immediate treatment with CSF. Euthanasia after 19 days. Group 4: Six animals with colitis. Treatment started 7 days after the induction of colitis. Animals were kept for 19 days. Group 5: Six animals with colitis. Treatment started 2 weeks after the induction of colitis. Group 6: Six animals with colitis, the same as in group 3. Treatment with GSF. Group 7: Six animals with colitis, the same as in group 4. Treatment with GSF. Group 8. Six animals with colitis, the same as in group 5. Treatment with GSF. Group 9: Six animals with colitis. Immediate treatment with prednisolone. Euthanasia after 15 days. Results. CSF and GSF administration significantly improved the histological score (P<0.05) and reduced malondialdehyde contents (P<0.05), compared to control groups in all animals. CSF was superior to GSF and to prednisolone. Conclusion. Administration of both CSF and GSF could significantly improve the histological score and oxidative stress in experimental colitis in rats.

A Delayed Treatment Control Group Design Study of an After-School Online Tutoring Program in Reading

2014 ◽  
pp. 264-279
Author(s):  
S. Marshall Perry
Keyword(s):  
After School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Design Study ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Online Tutoring ◽  
Tutoring Program ◽  
Treatment Control Group

This chapter concerns a year-long, United States federally-funded evaluation of Educate Online, an online, at home, 1:1 tutoring program aimed at improving reading performance for middle school students who are below grade level. Participating students receive after-school instruction from teachers in real-time over Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) connections. The researcher discusses study findings, the methodological challenges of conducting research on online tutoring, the multiple perspectives for understanding the effectiveness of a tutoring program, and areas for additional research. The chapter examines a key aspect of the evaluation, a delayed treatment control group design study to determine the effect that involvement in the tutoring program has upon student academic achievement in reading.

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