Effect of Regular Physical Exercise on Gut Microbiota and Depressive Behaviors in Rats

Objective. The gut microbiota, as the critical mediator of the gut-brain axis, can produce and transport neuroactive substances, thus playing a significant role in the pathogenesis of depression. Although regular physical exercise is an important nondrug antidepressant, its specific effector mechanism is still unclear. Methods. Rats were randomly divided into four different groups (n = 10 for each group) as follows: normal group (G1), depression group (G2), fluoxetine treatment group (G3), and regular exercise treatment group (G4). All rats underwent forced swimming tests, tail suspension tests, open field tests, and elevated plus-maze tests to detect behavioristics. Then, corticosterone levels were detected by ELISA. Additionally, taxonomic analysis of the gut microbiota in all rats was performed after they were exercised regularly for 60 days. Results. Compared with the G1 group, the rats in the G2 group showed significant depression-like behaviors, with increased serum corticosterone levels. The proportions of Bacteroides, Actinomycetes, Proteobacteria, Saccharomyces, and Cyanobacteria in rats of the G2 group were lower than those in the G1 group, while the proportions of Firmicutes, Tenicotte, Deferrobacteria, and Fusobacteria were increased. Furthermore, after regular exercise treatment, the gut microbiota of rats was effectively improved, almost returning to the level of the G1 group, and depressive behavior and corticosterone levels were also restored, which was almost the same as the effect of fluoxetine treatment. Conclusion. Regular physical exercise could alleviate depressive-like behaviors by modulating the species and function of the gut microbiota.

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Regular Physical Exercise Modulates Iron Homeostasis in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22168715 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (16) ◽

pp. 8715

Author(s):

Irina Belaya ◽

Nina Kucháriková ◽

Veronika Górová ◽

Kai Kysenius ◽

Dominic J. Hare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Iron Metabolism ◽

Iron Content ◽

Iron Homeostasis ◽

Regular Exercise ◽

5Xfad Mouse ◽

The Brain ◽

Regular Physical Exercise

Dysregulation of brain iron metabolism is one of the pathological features of aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. While physical inactivity is one of the risk factors for AD and regular exercise improves cognitive function and reduces pathology associated with AD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of regular physical exercise on modulation of iron homeostasis in the brain and periphery of the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. By using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and a variety of biochemical techniques, we measured total iron content and level of proteins essential in iron homeostasis in the brain and skeletal muscles of sedentary and exercised mice. Long-term voluntary running induced redistribution of iron resulted in altered iron metabolism and trafficking in the brain and increased iron content in skeletal muscle. Exercise reduced levels of cortical hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, coupled with interleukin-6 (IL-6) decrease in cortex and plasma. We propose that regular exercise induces a reduction of hepcidin in the brain, possibly via the IL-6/STAT3/JAK1 pathway. These findings indicate that regular exercise modulates iron homeostasis in both wild-type and AD mice.

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Comparing the Effects of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy or Regular Physical Exercise On Sleep in the Treatment of Patients with Panic Disorder

10.26226/morressier.5885d718d462b8028d891f5e ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Anders Hovland

Keyword(s):

Panic Disorder ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽

Behaviour Therapy ◽

Cognitive Behaviour ◽

Regular Physical Exercise

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The Role of Physical Exercise in Obesity and Diabetes

Swiss Sports & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.34045/ssem/2018/20 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Treatment Guideline ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Regular Physical Exercise

The prevalence of obesity is increasing world-wide. Obesity is associated with a plethora of metabolic and clinical constraints, which result in a higher risk for the development of cardiovascular complications and metabolic disease, particularly insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is an acknowledged determinant of glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes and accounts for the majority of premature death due to cardiovascular events. Physical exercise is generally recommended in patients with diabetes in order to prevent the development of or reduce existing obesity, as adopted by every international treatment guideline so far. Regular physical exercise has a beneficial impact on body composition, cardiovascular integrity, insulin sensitivity and quality of life. However, only a minority of patients participates in regular physical exercise, due to individual or disease-related barriers. In type 2 diabetes, there is robust evidence for beneficial effects of physical exercise on glycemic control, cardiovascular health and the development of diabetes-related long-term complications. In type 1 diabetes and patients treated with insulin, a higher risk for exercise-related hypoglycemia has to be considered, which requires certain prerequisites and adequate adaptions of insulin dosing. Current treatment guidelines do only incompletely address the development of exercise-related hypoglycemia. However, every patient with diabetes should participate in regular physical exercise in order to support and enable sufficient treatment and optimal glycemic control.

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QUALITY OF LIFE IN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER, WHO PRACTICE REGULAR PHYSICAL EXERCISE: AN ANALYSIS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS

10.21506/j.ponte.2020.1.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marta Leyton Roman ◽

Santiago Fresno Alba ◽

Ruth Jimenez Castuera

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Psychological Determinants ◽

Regular Physical Exercise

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The lung–gut axis during viral respiratory infections: the impact of gut dysbiosis on secondary disease outcomes

Mucosal Immunology ◽

10.1038/s41385-020-00361-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Valentin Sencio ◽

Marina Gomes Machado ◽

François Trottein

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Critical Role ◽

Good Health ◽

Disease Outcomes ◽

And Function ◽

Viral Respiratory Infections ◽

The Impact ◽

Viral Respiratory

AbstractBacteria that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract are essential for good health. The gut microbiota has a critical role in pulmonary immunity and host’s defense against viral respiratory infections. The gut microbiota’s composition and function can be profoundly affected in many disease settings, including acute infections, and these changes can aggravate the severity of the disease. Here, we discuss mechanisms by which the gut microbiota arms the lung to control viral respiratory infections. We summarize the impact of viral respiratory infections on the gut microbiota and discuss the potential mechanisms leading to alterations of gut microbiota’s composition and functions. We also discuss the effects of gut microbial imbalance on disease outcomes, including gastrointestinal disorders and secondary bacterial infections. Lastly, we discuss the potential role of the lung–gut axis in coronavirus disease 2019.

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Uremic toxins levels from the gut microbiota seem not to be altered by physical exercise in hemodialysis patients

International Urology and Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s11255-021-02945-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jessyca Sousa de Brito ◽

Drielly Vargas ◽

Greicielle Santos da Silva ◽

Sandra Marinho ◽

Natália Alvarenga Borges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Uremic Toxins

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The effects of Fushen Granule on the composition and function of the gut microbiota during Peritoneal Dialysis–Related Peritonitis

Phytomedicine ◽

10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153561 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 153561

Author(s):

Wei Lin ◽

Chen Jiang ◽

Hangxing Yu ◽

Lingling Wang ◽

Jiaqi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

And Function

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A Crucial Role for Diet in the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Disease

Annual Review of Medicine ◽

10.1146/annurev-med-062218-023720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 149-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ilias Attaye ◽

Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma ◽

Hilde Herrema ◽

Max Nieuwdorp

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Global Scale ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

And Function ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential target to beneficially modulate CMD risk, possibly via dietary interventions. Dietary interventions have been shown to considerably alter gut microbiota composition and function. Moreover, several diet-derived microbial metabolites are able to modulate human metabolism and thereby alter CMD risk. Dietary interventions that affect gut microbiota composition and function are therefore a promising, novel, and cost-efficient method to reduce CMD risk. Studies suggest that fermentable carbohydrates can beneficially alter gut microbiota composition and function, whereas high animal protein and high fat intake negatively impact gut microbiota function and composition. This review focuses on the role of macronutrients (i.e., carbohydrate, protein, and fat) and dietary patterns (e.g., vegetarian/vegan and Mediterranean diet) in gut microbiota composition and function in the context of CMD.

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Gut symbiotic microbes imprint intestinal immune cells with the innate receptor SLAMF4 which contributes to gut immune protection against enteric pathogens

Gut ◽

10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313214 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 847-859 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Allison Cabinian ◽

Daniel Sinsimer ◽

May Tang ◽

Youngsoon Jang ◽

Bongkum Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Lymphocyte Activation ◽

Premature Death ◽

Enteric Pathogens ◽

Immune Protection ◽

Intestinal Immunity ◽

Cell Responses ◽

And Function

BackgroundInteractions between host immune cells and gut microbiota are crucial for the integrity and function of the intestine. How these interactions regulate immune cell responses in the intestine remains a major gap in the field.AimWe have identified the signalling lymphocyte activation molecule family member 4 (SLAMF4) as an immunomodulator of the intestinal immunity. The aim is to determine how SLAMF4 is acquired in the gut and what its contribution to intestinal immunity is.MethodsExpression of SLAMF4 was assessed in mice and humans. The mechanism of induction was studied using GFPtg bone marrow chimaera mice, lymphotoxin α and TNLG8A-deficient mice, as well as gnotobiotic mice. Role in immune protection was revealed using oral infection with Listeria monocytogenes and Cytobacter rodentium.ResultsSLAMF4 is a selective marker of intestinal immune cells of mice and humans. SLAMF4 induction occurs directly in the intestinal mucosa without the involvement of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Gut bacterial products, particularly those of gut anaerobes, and gut-resident antigen-presenting cell (APC)TNLG8A are key contributors of SLAMF4 induction in the intestine. Importantly, lack of SLAMF4 expression leads the increased susceptibility of mice to infection by oral pathogens culminating in their premature death.ConclusionsSLAMF4 is a marker of intestinal immune cells which contributes to the protection against enteric pathogens and whose expression is dependent on the presence of the gut microbiota. This discovery provides a possible mechanism for answering the long-standing question of how the intertwining of the host and gut microbial biology regulates immune cell responses in the gut.

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