scholarly journals Correlation between Apelin and Some Angiogenic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia: Apelin-13 as Novel Drug for Treating Preeclampsia and Its Physiological Effects on Placenta

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Reham Z. Hamza ◽  
Abdel Aziz A. Diab ◽  
Mansour H. Zahra ◽  
Ali K. Asalah ◽  
Suzan M. M. Moursi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Angiogenic Proteins ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Urine Proteins

Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the commonest causes for maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Imbalances of angiogenic factors, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response have a role in the pathogenesis of PE. Data regarding the circulating apelin level and its role in PE remains controversial. This study was formulated to assess the serum apelin level in PE, investigate its correlation with some inflammatory, oxidative stress, and angiogenic proteins in a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; the N (gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced rat model of PE and determine whether apelin administration could protect against development of PE. 40 healthy adult female albino rats and 10 adult male albino rats were used in this study. The pregnant female rats were randomly divided into three groups: group 1 (normal pregnant group), group 2 (PE-induced group), injected subcutaneously with 75 mg L-NAME/kg bodyweight/day starting from day 9 to 20 of gestation, and group 3 (PE-induced group supplemented with apelin (PE + apelin)); PE induced as before and simultaneously subcutaneously injected with apelin-13 (6 × 10−8 mol/kg bodyweight/twice daily) beginning from day 6 to 20 of gestation. In all groups, blood pressure and urine protein were determined at gestation days (GD) 0, 10, and 18. Moreover, serum apelin, placental growth factor (PLGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), soluble endoglin (sEng), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels and serum superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of all groups were estimated at the end of experiment. Placental histopathological examination was also performed. PE-induced rats showed significantly decreased serum apelin levels. Moreover, they showed significantly increased blood pressures, urine proteins, sFlt-1, sEng, and IFN-γ (mean arterial blood pressure, urine proteins, sFlt-1, sEng, and IFN-γ showed significant negative correlations with serum apelin level), but it showed significantly decreased VEGF, PLGF, IL-10, SOD, and CAT (VEGF, PLGF, IL-10, and SOD showed significant positive correlations with serum apelin level). In contrast, exogenous apelin administration significantly ameliorated these parameters together with improvement in the placental histoarchitecture in the apelin-supplemented PE group. This study demonstrated the protective effects of apelin administration on the pathogenesis of PE.

Antihypertensive Effect of Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Azadirachta indica on Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester-Induced Hypertension and Cardiorenal Dysfunction

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo Omóbòwálé ◽  
Ademola Oyagbemi ◽  
Blessing Ogunpolu ◽  
Olufunke Ola-Davies ◽  
Johnny Olukunle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Abstract Azadirachta indica (AI) is a medicinal plant with reported antioxidant and cardio-protective properties. The use of plant-based polyphenols has become greatly increased in the last one decade. The present study investigated the protective effect of the polyphenol-rich fraction (PRF) of the methanol-extract of Azadirachta indica against Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) induced hypertension and cardiorenal dysfunction in rats. Fifty (50) Wistar albino rats were grouped into five groups. Group A, the control, was administered potable water. Groups B-E received orally, 40 mg/kg of L-NAME only, 40 mg/kg of L-NAME and 100 mg/kg of AI extract, 40 mg/kg of L-NAME and 200 mg/kg of AI extract, and 40 mg/kg of L-NAME and 25 mg/kg of captopril, respectively for 21 days. The results of the present study revealed that L-NAME administration led to a significant increase in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure. Markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde,protein carbonyl) increased significantly while there was reduction in reduced glutathione level, activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase as well nitric oxide bioavailability. Immunohistochemistry revealed higher expressions of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) and kidney injury molecule 1(Kim-1) and lower expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) in hypertensive rats. Our results indicated that with PRF of AI restored high blood pressure, reduced markers of oxidative stress, normalized serum NO bioavailability and increased the expressions of Nrf2. Hence, PRF of Azadirachta indica could be used for the treatment of hypertension.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Properties of the Androgen-Induced PCOS Model in Rats: The Role of Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jovana Joksimovic Jovic ◽  
Jasmina Sretenovic ◽  
Nikola Jovic ◽  
Jovan Rudic ◽  
Vladimir Zivkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Stress Parameters

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaced reproductive endocrinopathy affecting 6-20% of women of childbearing age. It was previously shown that women with PCOS have an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiodynamic parameters of isolated rats’ hearts, blood pressure levels, and histomorphological changes in the heart tissue following the androgen-induced PCOS model in rats and the role of oxidative stress in the development of these CV properties of PCOS. 21-day-old female rats ( n = 12 ) were divided into control and PCOS groups. PCOS was induced by administration of testosterone enanthate (1 mg/kg BW, daily) during 35 days. During the autoregulation protocol (40-120 mmHg) on the Langendorff apparatus, ex vivo cardiodynamic parameters of retrogradely perfused hearts showed enhanced contractile function and increased lusitropic effects in the left ventricle (LV) in PCOS rats. Systolic and diastolic pressures in LV were elevated at all perfusion pressure values. Systemic arterial systolic blood pressure showed borderline elevation, while mean arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in PCOS rats. Histological evaluation of heart tissue depicted hypertrophic (8.3%) alterations in LV cardiomyocytes and increase (7.3%) in LV wall thickness. Oxidative stress parameters were altered in systemic circulation, coronary venous effluent (CVE), and heart tissue. Levels of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione were decreased in blood and heart tissue, while catalase activity was not altered. Degree of lipid peroxidation was increased in circulation as well as heart tissue. Increased levels of O2- in CVE indicated the cardiotoxic effects in the rat PCOS model. The mentioned alterations of oxidative stress parameters in the blood, CVE, and heart could be recommended as potential contributors underlying the development of CV risk in PCOS women.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress, Neutrophil Elastase and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Obese Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1887-1891
Author(s):  
Moushira Zakia ◽  
Taghreed Shalabi ◽  
Tamer Hussein ◽  
Mohamed Hammam ◽  
Eman Youness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular endothelial proliferation and obesity are risk factors associated with preeclampsia (PE). Thepresent study aimed to investigate the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a putative circulatory marker of oxidative stress, neutrophil Elastase (NE) as inflammatory marker andvascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as marker for vascular permeability-enhancing activities inobese women withpreeclampsia PE and compare withnormal pregnancy women. The study was carried out on 50 pregnant obese women with PE and 50 normal pregnant women. The preeclampsia women were characterized with high blood pressure 160/110 mmHg and proteinuria. The gestational age ranged from ≥32 weeks to <37 weeks. Pre pregnancyweightwas recorded. Body mass index (BMI) was calculatedat delivery.SerumMDA, NEand VEGF were estimatedby ELISA. Significant higher levels of serum MAD,NE and VEGF were observed in obese PE patients as compared to normal controls. Our results suggested thatobesity;oxidative stress, NEandVEGFbiomarkers are risk factors for PE,emphasizing their role as feasible candidate risk markersfor cases withhigh blood pressure in early pregnancy.

scholarly journals Propolis Protective Effects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Multi-Organ Toxicity via Suppression of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Histopathological Alterations in Female Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1762-1777
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Treatment Protocols

Doxorubicin (DOX) is effective chemotherapy in several malignancies, but large-scale toxicities limit its clinical usefulness. Propolis has been reported to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. We aim to assess the protective efficacy of propolis against DOX-induced multi-toxicity in female rats. Forty female rats were divided into four groups: control group; Group (P) were administrated oral propolis (100 mg/kg once daily for 28 days); Group (P+DOX) were injected with a single intraperitoneal dose of DOX (20 mg/kg i.p at 24th day after the propolis administration) and group (DOX) were injected with doxorubicin only. Estimation of cardiac, renal and hepatic injury markers, apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines were done using sera. Also, liver and heart tissue samples were collected to determine GSH and MDA as oxidative stress markers. In addition to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of Cytochrome-C and Connexin43 on lysed myocardium, liver, kidney and lung tissues. Doxorubicin toxicity caused marked deteriorations of measured parameters through the different mechanisms in different body organs. However, pre-treatment with propolis significantly ameliorated these alterations. Thus propolis can ameliorate the DOX-induced experimental multi-toxicity as cardiomyopathy, hepatotoxicity, nephritis and pneumonia. Thus, it could be a promising protective agent in DOX treatment protocols.

Moderate zinc restriction during fetal and postnatal growth of rats: effects on adult arterial blood pressure and kidney

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. R543-R549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analía Lorena Tomat ◽  
Felipe Inserra ◽  
Luciana Veiras ◽  
María Constanza Vallone ◽  
Ana María Balaszczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
End Products

Intrauterine and postnatal zinc restriction may result in an adverse environment for the development of cardiovascular and renal systems. This study evaluated the effects of moderate zinc deficiency during fetal life, lactation, and/or postweaning growth on systolic blood pressure, renal function, and morphology in adult life. Female Wistar rats received low (8 ppm) or control (30 ppm) zinc diets from the beginning of pregnancy up to weaning. After weaning, male offspring of each group of mothers were fed low or control zinc diet. Systolic blood pressure, creatinine clearance, proteinuria, renal morphology, renal apoptosis. and renal oxidative stress state were evaluated after 60 days. Zinc deficiency during pre- and postweaning growth induced an increase in systolic blood pressure and a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate associated with a reduction in the number and size of nephrons. Activation of renal apoptosis, reduction in catalase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and glutathione levels and increase in lipid peroxidation end products could explain these morphometric changes. Zinc deficiency through pre- and postweaning growth induced more pronounced renal alteration than postweaning zinc deficiency. These animals showed signs of renal fibrosis, proteinuria, increased renal apoptosis, and higher lipid peroxidation end products. A control diet during postweaning growth did not totally overcome renal oxidative stress damage, apoptosis, and fibrosis induced by zinc deficiency before weaning. In conclusion, zinc deficiency during a critical period of renal development and maturation could induce functional and morphological alterations that result in elevated blood pressure and renal dysfunction in adult life.

scholarly journals The Effect of Rice Bran Extract on Arterial Blood Pressure, Hepatic Steatosis, and Inflammation in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naphatsanan Duansak ◽  
Pritsana Piyabhan ◽  
Umarat Srisawat ◽  
Jarinyaporn Naowaboot ◽  
Nusiri Lerdvuthisopon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background. Inflammation and hypertension are primary mechanisms involving in obesity-associated adverse effects of a high-fat diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rice bran extract (RBE) on arterial blood pressure, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Methods. Male ICR mice were divided into four groups, including a normal-diet control group, a high-fat diet (HFD) (60% kcal from fat) group, an HFD group treated with RBE (220 mg/kg/day), and an HFD group treated with 1100 mg/kg/day for eight weeks. Besides body weight and arterial blood pressure, we determined liver values of total cholesterol, triglyceride, as well as percent body fat, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and mRNA endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Results. The HFD group had increased body weight, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, liver total cholesterol, triglyceride, NF-κB, COX-2 and MMP-9 protein levels, and decreased mRNA eNOS in the aorta. Mice of the HFD group receiving RBE had reduced diastolic blood pressure, as well as significantly decreased liver and serum TNF-α and MDA levels in the liver, and reduced NF-κB levels in both the liver and heart. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that RBE decreases diastolic blood pressure, the liver lipid droplet accumulation, liver and myocardial NF-κB, myocardial COX-2 and MMP-9 protein levels, and oxidative stress. Moreover, RBE may improve endothelial function and may alleviate adverse health effects associated with obesity including obesity-associated hypertension.

Mean arterial blood pressure and serum levels of the molar ratio of insulin-like growth factor-1 to its binding protein-3 in healthy centenarians

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Paolisso ◽  
Maria Rosaria Tagliamonte ◽  
Maria Rosaria Rizzo ◽  
Mario Rotondi ◽  
Pasquale Gualdiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Arterial Blood

scholarly journals Effects of Diabetic Hyperglycemia on Central Ang-(1-7)-Mas-R-nNOS Pathways in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1186-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Li ◽  
Xian Liu ◽  
Zhongqiao Ren ◽  
Jinxia Gu ◽  
Yingjie Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cerebrovascular Dysfunction ◽  
And Control

Background/Aims: Hypertension is a major cause of stroke, and diabetes can increase incidence of this disease. We determined the role played by central angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] pathway in modulating spontaneously hypertension with diabetic hyperglycemia. Methods: Western Blot analysis and ELISA were used to determine the protein expression of Ang-(1-7) and its signal pathway Mas-R-nNOS in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and control animals. In a subset of animals, diabetic hyperglycemia was induced by systemic injection of streptozotocin (STZ). We analyzed a relationship between the levels of central Ang-(1-7) and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) indicating a risk of ischemic stroke. We further examined the effects of Ang-(1-7) on arterial blood pressure. Results: Our findings demonstrated for the first time that administration of STZ 1) attenuates the levels of Ang-(1-7) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which are closely linked to plasma BNP; and 2) leads to downregulation of central Ang-(1-7)-Mas-R-nNOS pathways. Notably, STZ has greater effects in SHR. Additionally, inhibition of oxidative stress can largely improve downregulation of Ang-(1-7) in diabetic SHR. Moreover, central stimulation of Ang-(1-7) pathway or a blockade of oxidative stress improves systolic blood pressure in diabetic SHR. Conclusions: The Ang-(1-7) signaling pathway is engaged in the adaptive mechanisms associated with diabetic hypertension, suggesting that enhancing Ang-(1-7)-Mas-R-nNOS system is likely to be beneficial in preventing against cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dysfunction and vulnerability related to spontaneously hypertension, particularly to diabetic hypertension.

scholarly journals Swimming Attenuates Blood Pressure and Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anica Petkovic ◽  
Marko Ravic ◽  
Sasa Plecevic ◽  
Jovana Jeremic ◽  
Ivan Srejovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Positive System ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Hypertension presents one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Structural and mechanical changes of the heart and blood vessels as well as overproduction of reactive oxygen species may occur due to the increased blood pressure. Therewith, the goal of our study was to estimate the effects and duration of swimming as a possible therapy approach on blood pressure and oxidative stress parameters in normotensive and hypertensive rats. The study was conducted on 60 male Wistar albino rats divided into two groups, normotensive and hypertensive rats. Each of these groups was divided into three subgroups according to the swimming protocol. The swimming training was kept constant (60 min/day, for five days a week) with two days of rest. After six or nine weeks of the swimming protocol, blood pressure and oxidative stress markers were measured. The control group rats were put in water for one minute a day, in order to avoid water-induced stress. Training significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in hypertensive rats, while diastolic pressure did not change in the group that swam six or nine weeks. The results showed that swimming increases the activity of all measured antioxidative parameters, while values of prooxidants varied depending on the training protocol. Our results confirmed that swimming, as an aerobic exercise, decreases blood pressure and has time-dependent positive system adaptations, especially on the antioxidant parameters.

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