scholarly journals A Study on the Flexural Behaviour of Geopolymer Lightweight Eco-Friendly Concrete Using Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
S. Nithya ◽  
K. Gunasekaran ◽  
G. Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Flexural Behaviour ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Manufactured Sand ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Structural Grade ◽  
Ductility Ratio

This paper presents the flexural behaviour of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a binder, manufactured sand (M-sand) as a fine aggregate, and coconut shell (CS) and crushed stone aggregate (CSA) as coarse aggregates. Alkaline activator sodium hydroxide with 10 molarity and sodium silicate were used in a weighing proportion of 1 : 2.5 to produce structural grade concrete. Out of 12 beams cast, 6 were used to study geopolymer coconut shell concrete (GPCSC) beam behaviour and 6 were used to study geopolymer conventional concrete (GPCC) beam behaviour. Data presented include cracking behaviour, ultimate moment capacitates, deflection behaviour, ductility ratio, and end rotation of the beam. Laboratory investigations show encouraging results, and it can be summarized that coconut shell has good potential as a coarse aggregate for the production of structural grade geopolymer lightweight coconut shell concrete.

scholarly journals Strength Appraisal of Light Weight Green Concrete Made with Cold Bonded Fly Ash Coarse Aggregate

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5381-5385
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Manufactured Sand ◽  
Fly Ash Concrete ◽  
Coarse Aggregates

This study focusses on the development of fly ash concrete made with water/cement ratio of 0.5.To develop fly ash concrete in this study, 40% of cement is replaced with fly ash, manufactured sand is used as fine aggregate, light weight fly ash aggregate as used coarse aggregate and for mixing concrete instead of tap water 12% lime concentrated water is used. The fly ash concrete compressive strength obtained is equivalent to that of M30 grade concrete made with OPC. Two sets of samples are prepared one set with 40% fly ash concrete made with river sand and natural crushed stone coarse aggregates and another set of sample with 40% fly ash concrete made with manufactured sand and artificial light weight fly ash coarse aggregates. Experimental studies revealed that use of manufactured sand enhanced compressive, tensile and flexural strengths by 6-8% only. Even permeation properties such as water absorbtion and porosity of fly ash concrete made with manufactured sand and artificial light weight fly ash coarse aggregates is almost similar to that of fly ash concrete made with made with river sand and natural crushed stone coarse aggregates. The results conclude that fly ash coarse aggregates can be used for structural applications instead of natural coarse aggregates but not feasible for use in pavement as per IS 2386. Manufactured sand can be used as 100% replacement to river sand in fly ash based concretes with improved properties of concrete

scholarly journals Sustainable Alternate Materials for Concrete Production from Renewable Source and Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
R. Ramasubramani ◽  
K. Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Manufactured Sand ◽  
Concrete Production

Natural resources are being continuously extracted for the production of concrete which leads to degradation of the ecosystem. This is also a challenge for sustainability to save Nature. This study seeks to identify a suitable replacement material for river sand and stone aggregate for the sustainable utilization of renewable sources. Manufactured sand (M-sand) from industrial by-products and coconut shell (CS), an agricultural waste, are the resources selected as replacement materials for sustainability. This study uses M-sand as fine aggregate and CS coarse aggregate in place of river sand (R-sand) and crushed stone aggregate (CSA) for concrete production, respectively. To prove that M-sand and CS are sustainable alternate materials, this study focused on the microstructural characteristics on concrete constituents and CS aggregate and also conducted on concrete produced using R-sand, M-sand and CS. Also, this study focused on the microstructural characteristics and properties of conventional concrete (CC) and coconut shell concrete (CSC) produced using both R-sand and M-sand. Since this study aims to find sustainable alternative materials for R-sand and CSA by M-sand and CS, its properties are studied and compared since microstructural characterization is very significant for concrete compatibility. Microstructural studies revealed that the use of M-sand does not affect the microstructural properties of concrete compared to R-sand concrete and rather it improves the strength of concrete. A similar same trend was observed when CS was used with M-sand compared to CS used with R-sand. Hence, this study strongly suggests that the use of M-sand in its place of R-sand and CS in its place of CSA are sustainable alternatives for the production of concrete so that natural resources can be saved and hence sustainability could be sustained.

scholarly journals Recycled Glass Concrete: Coarse and Fine Aggregates

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najib Nicolas Gerges ◽  
Camille Amine Issa ◽  
Samer Ahmad Fawaz ◽  
Jacques Jabbour ◽  
Johnny Jreige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Bench Mark ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Fine Aggregates

Conventional concrete aggregate consists of sand (fine aggregate) and various sizes and shapes of gravel or stones (coarse aggregate). However, there is a growing interest in substituting alternative aggregate materials, largely as a potential use for recycled materials. While there is significant research on many different materials for aggregate substitutes such as granulated coal ash, blast furnace slag or various solid wastes including fiberglass waste materials, granulated plastics, paper and wood products or wastes, sintered sludge pellets and others. Recycled waste glasses were used as coarse and fine aggregates replacement in concrete.  Coarse aggregates were replaced with Green Bottles coarse aggregates at third, half, two thirds, and 100% replacement ratios. The replacement of a third coarse aggregate was established as being the most suitable for retaining the properties of the concrete mix design. As for fine aggregates, in order to account for the numbers of variables and clearly establish a bench mark, the sand grading, color of glass, source of waste glass (bottles and non-bottles), and design mix strength were used as parameters. Fine aggregates from green, brown, and transparent bottles in addition to clear window waste glass were used. Concrete properties were tested in fresh and hardened states. The incorporation of glass sand regardless of the ratios of replacement showed no significant influence on fresh or mechanical properties of concrete except for the case of transparent bottles. Transparent bottles due to the wide source of obtainability have introduced a non-uniform factor that caused discrepancy compared to the rest of the group.

scholarly journals Effect of Recycled Coarse Aggregate and Bagasse Ash on Two-Stage Concrete

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faisal Javed ◽  
Afaq Ahmad Durrani ◽  
Sardar Kashif Ur Rehman ◽  
Fahid Aslam ◽  
Hisham Alabduljabbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Strength Reduction ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Recycled Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Coarse Aggregates

Numerous research studies have been conducted to improve the weak properties of recycled aggregate as a construction material over the last few decades. In two-stage concrete (TSC), coarse aggregates are placed in formwork, and then grout is injected with high pressure to fill up the voids between the coarse aggregates. In this experimental research, TSC was made with 100% recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). Ten percent and twenty percent bagasse ash was used as a fractional substitution of cement along with the RCA. Conventional concrete with 100% natural coarse aggregate (NCA) and 100% RCA was made to determine compressive strength only. Compressive strength reduction in the TSC was 14.36% when 100% RCA was used. Tensile strength in the TSC decreased when 100% RCA was used. The increase in compressive strength was 8.47% when 20% bagasse ash was used compared to the TSC mix that had 100% RCA. The compressive strength of the TSC at 250 °C was also determined to find the reduction in strength at high temperature. Moreover, the compressive and tensile strength of the TSC that had RCA was improved by the addition of bagasse ash.

scholarly journals Analysis of Unconscious Properties and Strength Measurements for Concrete Containing Copper Slag-Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
Velumani M ◽  
Sakthivel S ◽  
Yuvaraj K
Keyword(s):  
Free Water ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Free Water Content ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Water Absorption Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
By Products

The main aim of the environmental protection agencies and the government are to seek ways and means to minimize the problems of disposal and health hazards of by products. It is considered as a waste material which could have a promising future in construction industry as substitute of either cement or coarse aggregates or fine aggregates. Copper slag is one of the replacement mechanisms of material in concrete. Use of copper slag as a replacement for fine aggregate in concrete cubes various strength measurements was experimentally investigated in this study. Mainly contents of that M35 conventional concrete and copper slag as a replacement of fine aggregate  in 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%,50%, 60%, 80%, and 100% and also Portland Pozzolana Cement is noted. In this regard, laboratory study including water absorption test, bond strength, and percentage of voids, compressive strength & bulk density were conducted in ppc cement concrete which made by copper slag waste as a replacement of fine aggregate and PPC. A substitution up to 40-50% as a copper slag as a sand replacement yielded comparable strength to that of the conventional concrete. However, addition of more copper slag resulted in strength reduction due to the increase in the free water content in the mix, cured period in a curing tank for later resulting at 28 and 60 days.

Recycled CRT Funnel Glass as Coarse Aggregate and Fine Aggregate in the Radiation Protection Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 847 ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liang Tian ◽  
Wen Cai Liu ◽  
Su Ping Cui ◽  
Shi Bing Sun ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
High Level

In recent decades, high-tech electrical equipment has drastically proliferated instead of Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), making CRT funnel glass potential hazardous solid waste. Due to a relatively high level of lead, CRT funnel glass could be used as a potential material for the production of anti-radioactive concrete. In our study the CRT funnel glass , which was separated as aggregate in the concrete, was reduced to 4.75-25 mm (coarse aggregates) and less 4.75 mm (fine aggregates) in the production of anti-radioactive concrete. Mixes containing 0%, 20%, 40% , 60%, 80% and 100% (volume percentage) of CRT funnel glass to replace fine aggregate and coarse aggregate (respectively or simultaneously)) were prepared. The influence of the size, shape and replacement percentage of aggregates on workability, compressive strength and radiation shielding performance were determined. It was found that the replacement of natural aggregate with recycled CRT glass considerably improved the slump and radiation shielding performance but reduced compressive strength. The optimum percentage of waste funnel glass used as fine aggregate and coarse aggregate was 40%. The results clearly showed that the CRT funnel glass performed a significant enhancement in radiation shielding properties.

scholarly journals A Study on Suitability of EAF Oxidizing Slag in Concrete: An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Replacement for Natural Coarse Aggregate

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Sekaran ◽  
Murthi Palaniswamy ◽  
Sivagnanaprakash Balaraju
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
C 30

Environmental and economic factors increasingly encourage higher utility of industrial by-products. The basic objective of this study was to identify alternative source for good quality aggregates which is depleting very fast due to fast pace of construction activities in India. EAF oxidizing slag as a by-product obtained during the process in steel making industry provides great opportunity to utilize it as an alternative to normally available coarse aggregates. The primary aim of this research was to evaluate the physical, mechanical, and durability properties of concrete made with EAF oxidizing slag in addition to supplementary cementing material fly ash. This study presents the experimental investigations carried out on concrete grades of M20 and M30 with three mixes: (i) Mix A, conventional concrete mix with no material substitution, (ii) Mix B, 30% replacement of cement with fly ash, and (iii) Mix C, 30% replacement of cement with fly ash and 50% replacement of coarse aggregate with EAF oxidizing slag. Tests were conducted to determine mechanical and durability properties up to the age of 90 days. The test results concluded that concrete made with EAF oxidizing slag and fly ash (Mix C) had greater strength and durability characteristics when compared to Mix A and Mix B. Based on the overall observations, it could be recommended that EAF oxidizing slag and fly ash could be effectively utilized as coarse aggregate replacement and cement replacement in all concrete applications.

Experimental Study on the Workability of Self-Compacting Granite and Unwashed Gravel Concrete

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Gideon O. Bamigboye ◽  
David O. Olukanni ◽  
Adeola A. Adedeji ◽  
Kayode J. Jolayemi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Consistency Test ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Slump Flow ◽  
Filling Ability ◽  
Passing Ability

This study deals mainly with the mix proportions using granite and unwashed gravel as coarse aggregate for self-compacting concrete (SCC) and its workability, by considering the water absorption of unwashed gravel aggregate. Mix proportions for SCC were designed with constant cement and fine aggregate while coarse aggregates content of granite-unwashed gravel combination were varied in the proportion 100%, 90%/10%, 80%/20%, 70%/30%, 60%/40%, 50% /50%, represented by SCC1, SCC2, SCC3, SCC4, SCC5 and SCC6. 100% granite (SCC1) serves as the control. The workability of the samples was quantitatively evaluated by slump flow, T500, L-box, V- funnel and sieve segregation tests. Based on the experimental results, a detailed analysis was conducted. It was found that granite and unwashed gravel with SCC1, SCC2 and SCC3 according to EFNARC (2002) standard have good deformability, fluidity and filling ability, which all passed consistency test. SCC1, SCC2 and SCC3 have good passing ability while all mixes were in the limit prescribed by EFNARC (2002). It can be concluded that the mix design for varying granite-unwashed gravel combination for SCC presented in this study satisfy various requirements for workability hence, this can be adopted for practical concrete structures.

scholarly journals Self-Compacting Concrete with Recycled Coarse Aggregate and Manufactured Sand

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3868-3873
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Fresh Properties ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Manufactured Sand ◽  
Recycled Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Recycle Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Water Binder Ratio

This article mainly focused on the influence of recycle coarse aggregate and manufactured sand on the properties of self compacting concrete (SCC). The main purpose of this research is reuse of recycled aggregate in SCC and also to reduce use of fine aggregate by replacing manufactured sand. The SCC mixtures were prepared with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% replacement of recycle coarse aggregate in natural coarse aggregate and M-Sand in fine aggregate with a Water/Binder ratio of 0.36. Different test covering fresh properties of these SCC mixtures were executed the results were compared with EFNARC guidelines and IS 10262:2019. The feasibility of utilizing recycled aggregate and M-Sand in self compacting concrete has been examined and found that it is suitable for concrete.

scholarly journals Study of Light Weight Fibre Reinforced Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Pumice Stone

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 933-940
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sohel Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Shrinkage Cracking ◽  
Pumice Stone ◽  
Average Compressive Strength

Abstract: As the demand for the structural members application in the concrete industry is continuously increasing simultaneously many a times it is required to lower the density of concrete enabling light weight which helps in easy handling of the concrete and its members. In this research an experimental endeavour has been made to equate conventional concrete with light weight by partially substituting the coarse aggregate with the pumice stone aggregate in M30 grade mix design. Simultaneously small fibres of Recron3's Polypropylene have been applied to the concrete as a reinforcing medium to minimize shrinkage cracking and improve tensile properties. The coarse aggregate was substituted by the pumice aggregate in 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent and fibres respectively in 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 percent. The experiment is focused on strength parameters to determine the most favourable optimum percent with respect to conventional concrete. Keywords: OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement)1, FA (Fine Aggregate)2, CA (Coarse Aggregate) 3, fck (Characteristic Compressive Strength at 28days)4, Sp. Gr (Specific Gravity)5, WC (Water Content)6, W/C (Water Cement Ratio)7, S (Standard Deviation)8, Fck (Target Average Compressive Strength at 28days)9.

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