scholarly journals Influence of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Vitamin D3 and Kinetic Study of the Vitamin Degradation in Fortified Canola Oil during the Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mina Zareie ◽  
Azam Abbasi ◽  
Shiva Faghih
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles

Nowadays, fortified vegetable oils with vitamin D3 are widely available in different countries. In this study, the influence of storage conditions including light, air, storage temperature, and time on vitamin D3 retention in fortified canola oil was evaluated. Moreover, a kinetic study on vitamin D3 degradation in the oil was done. To this aim, fortified canola oil was prepared at two initial concentrations of 6.87 mg·kg−1 and 13.8 mg·kg−1 and then filled in transparent and dark-brown polyethylene terephthalate bottles at two filling levels of 50% and 100%. Samples were kept in two temperatures of 4°C and room temperature (27°C). The retention of vitamin D3 in different samples showed that the vitamin content was affected by the packaging type, storage temperature, and initial concentration. Vitamin D3 in the samples with a lower concentration of the vitamin which was stored in the refrigerator showed the highest retention (91%) after 70 days of storage, and the samples with higher initial concentration packed in transparent containers which were stored at room temperature (RT) showed the greatest loss (55.6%). Results of the kinetic study also showed that vitamin D3 was affected by storage condition. The half-life of the vitamin D3 differed from 96 to 577 days depending on the storage condition.

scholarly journals Stability of the Combination of Ceftazidime and Cephazolin in Icodextrin or PH Neutral Peritoneal Dialysis Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul P. Patel ◽  
Madhur D. Shastri ◽  
Mohammad Bakkari ◽  
Troy Wanandy ◽  
Matthew D. Jose
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
The Stability

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to investigate the stability of ceftazidime and cephazolin in a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution.MethodsCeftazidime and cephazolin were injected into either a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD bag to obtain the concentration of 125 mg/L of each antibiotic. A total of nine 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD bags containing ceftazidime and cephazolin were prepared and stored at 1 of 3 different temperatures: 4°C in a domestic refrigerator; 25°C at room temperature; or 37°C (body temperature) in an incubator. An aliquot was withdrawn immediately before (0 hour) or after 12, 24, 48, 96, 120, 144, 168 and 336 hours of storage. Each sample was analyzed in duplicate for the concentration of ceftazidime and cephazolin using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Ceftazidime and cephazolin were considered stable if they retained more than 90% of their initial concentration. Samples were also assessed for pH, colour changes and evidence of precipitation immediately after preparation and on each day of analysis.ResultsCeftazidime and cephazolin in both types of PD solution retained more than 90% of their initial concentration for 168 and 336 hours respectively when stored at 4°C. Both of the antibiotics lost more than 10% of the initial concentration after 24 hours of storage at 25 or 37°C. There was no evidence of precipitation at any time under the tested storage conditions. Change in the pH and color was observed at 25 and 37°C, but not at 4°C.ConclusionPremixed ceftazidime and cephazolin in a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD solution is stable for at least 168 hours when refrigerated. This allows the preparation of PD bags in advance, avoiding the necessity for daily preparation. Both the antibiotics are stable for at least 24 hours at 25 and 37°C, permitting storage at room temperature and pre-warming of PD bags to body temperature prior to its administration.

Stability of Ondansetron Stored in Polypropylene Syringes

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Casto
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Ondansetron Hydrochloride ◽  
Drug Loss ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sampling Times

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the stability of ondansetron hydrochloride undiluted and mixed in dextrose 5% injection or NaCl 0.9% injection during storage in polypropylene syringes when frozen, refrigerated, or at room temperature. DESIGN: Batch quantities of ondansetron 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL were prepared and individual doses of 10.5 mg were drawn into polypropylene syringes that were stored at −20 °C for up to 3 months, at 4 °C for up to two weeks, or at 22–25 °C for two days, and various combinations of these conditions. At defined sampling times aliquots were withdrawn from syringes, the solution visually inspected, pH measured, and ondansetron concentration determined by HPLC. Drug loss of ≥10 percent of the original content of the solution was considered clinically significant. RESULTS: The ondansetron concentration in each solution, regardless of storage conditions, remained above 90 percent of the original concentration at each observation time (range 92–107 percent). No changes in color or clarity of any of the solutions were observed, and only slight fluctuations in pH (≤0.05) were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Ondansetron 2 mg/mL undiluted, or at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg/mL, mixed in dextrose 5% injection or NaCl 0.9% injection was determined to be stable when stored in polypropylene syringes for each storage condition at all time points studied, including the maximum for each: three months at −20 °C, followed by 14 days at 4 °C, and by 48 hours at 22–25 °C.

scholarly journals Effects of Storage Temperature and Time on Stability of Serum Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine A Levels in Whole Blood by LC-MS/MS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
İbrahim Kaplan ◽  
Hatice Yüksel ◽  
Osman Evliyaoğlu ◽  
M. Kemal Basarali ◽  
Gülten Toprak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Whole Blood Samples ◽  
The Stability

Tacrolimus and cyclosporine A are immunosuppressant drugs with narrow therapeutic windows. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of tacrolimus and cyclosporin A levels in whole blood samples under different storage conditions. Whole blood samples were obtained from 15 patients receiving tacrolimus and 15 patients receiving cyclosporine A. Samples were immediately analyzed and then stored at different conditions (room temperature (24°C−26°C) for 24 hours, +4°C for 24 and 48 hours, and −20°C for one month) and then analyzed again. For tacrolimus, there was a significant difference between samples analyzed immediately and those kept 24 hours at room temperature (P=0.005) (percent change 32.89%). However, there were no significant differences between the other groups. For cyclosporine A, there was a significant difference between samples analyzed immediately and those kept 24 hours (P=0.003) (percent change 19.47%) and 48 hours (P=0.002) (percent change 15.38%) at +4°C and those kept 24 hours at room temperature (P=0.011) (percent change 9.71%). Samples of tacrolimus should be analyzed immediately or stored at either +4°C or −20°C, while samples of cyclosporine A should be analyzed immediately or stored at −20°C.

Stability of bovine milk progesterone under different storage and thawing conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. A. Lamont ◽  
M. G. Colazo ◽  
D. J. Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Optimum Stability ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
The Stability

The objectives were to determine the effects of storage temperature (21 or 4°C), a preservative agent (Brotab 10®) (exp. 1), thawing temperature (37, 21, or 4°C), repeated freeze-thaw cycles (exp. 2), and length of storage at -20°C (exp. 3) on the stability of bovine milk progesterone (P4) over an 8-wk period. Whole-milk samples of 19 pregnant dairy cows were analyzed for P4 using an enzymeimmunoassay (Quanticheck®). In exp. 1, mean P4 concentrations declined (P < 0.01) from 0 to 28 d (5.2 ± 0.1 vs. 3.3 ± 0.1 ng mL-1), but not any further at 56 d. However, P4 decline was lower (P < 0.01) at 4°C than at 21°C at 3 and 56 d, respectively (4.3 ± 0.1 and 3.8 ± 0.1 vs. 3.9 ± 0.1 and 3.0 ± 0.1 ng mL-1). Brotab 10® tended (P < 0.08) to reduce P4 decline. In exp. 2, thawing temperature and repeated freeze-thaw cycles, and in exp. 3, the length of storage at -20°C, did not greatly affect P4 stability. Regardless of the temperature, P4 concentrations declined in all experiments by 1.1 ± 0.1 mL-1 in the first 3 to 7 d of storage and remained relatively stable thereafter, except when stored at room temperature in the absence of a preservative agent. In conclusion, P4 in whole-milk samples remained relatively stable for up to 3 d at 21°C and for up to 14 d at 4°C, even in the absence of a preservative agent. For periods longer than 14 d, whole-milk samples are best stored at -20°C for optimum stability of P4. Key words: Milk progesterone, progesterone stability, storage conditions, enzymeimmunoassay

scholarly journals Stability Evaluation of Extemporaneously Compounded Vancomycin Ophthalmic Drops: Effect of Solvents and Storage Conditions

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Christopher Ross ◽  
Basir Syed ◽  
Joanna Pak ◽  
Vishal Jhanji ◽  
Jason Yamaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Saline Solutions

Vancomycin is the drug of choice for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus keratitis and other ocular infections. Vancomycin ophthalmic drops are not commercially available and require compounding. The present study was designed to investigate the stability of vancomycin ophthalmic drops in normal saline, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and balanced salt solution (BSS) while stored at room temperature or under refrigeration. Vancomycin ophthalmic drops (50 mg/mL) were aseptically prepared from commercially available intravenous powder using PBS, BSS, and saline. Solutions were stored at room temperature and in a refrigerator for 28 days. The vancomycin stability was tested by a microbiology assay and high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC analysis immediately after formulation and at days 7, 14, and 28 after storage at room temperature or under refrigeration. The pH, turbidity was also tested. Vancomycin formulations in PBS, BSS and normal saline had initial pH of 5; 5.5; 3 respectively. The formulation in PBS developed turbidity and a slight decrease in pH upon storage. Microbiological assay did not show any change in zone of inhibition with any of the formulation upon storage either at room temperature or under refrigeration. HPLC analysis did not detect any decrease in vancomycin concentration or the accumulation of degraded products in any of the formulations upon storage either at room temperature or under refrigeration. Vancomycin ophthalmic drops prepared using PBS, BSS, and normal saline were stable up to the tested time point of 28 days, irrespective of their storage temperature.

Stability of Fosphenytoin Sodium with Intravenous Solutions in Glass Bottles, Polyvinyl Chloride Bags, and Polypropylene Syringes

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H Fischer ◽  
Michael J Cwik ◽  
Mark S Luer ◽  
Carolyn B Sibley ◽  
Kelly L Deyo
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intravenous Fluids ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Phenytoin Sodium ◽  
Glass Bottles ◽  
The Stability

OBJECTIVE: To determine the stability of fosphenytoin sodium admixtures with NaCl 0.9% injection and dextrose 5% (D5W) injection when stored in glass or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) containers, to evaluate the compatibility of fosphenytoin with 11 other intravenous solutions, and to determine the stability of fosphenytoin repackaged in polypropylene syringes. METHODS: Dilutions of fosphenytoin sodium 1, 8, and 20 mg phenytoin sodium equivalents (PE)/mL were prepared in NaCl 0.9%, D5W, and 11 other intravenous fluids. Aliquots of each solution in NaCL 0.9% or D5W were transferred to three glass bottles for storage at 25 °C and 21 PVC bags for storage at 25, 4, or −20 °C Aliquots of each admixture with the other intravenous fluids were transferred to three PVC bags and stored at 25 °C for 7 days. In addition, 63 syringes were filled with fosphenytoin sodium 50 mg PE/mL (undiluted) and stored at 25, 4, or −20 °C. Samples of each solution from the three containers were analyzed for visual compatibility, pH, and fosphenytoin concentration initially and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days during storage at 25 and 4 °C and at 1, 7, 14, and 30 days during storage at–20 °C. Following removal of containers from the freezer, additional samples were obtained after 7 days at 4 or 25 °C, and 7 days at 25 °C, and then 7 days at −20 °C. RESULTS: No visible precipitation or change in color or clarity was observed in any of the fosphenytoin solutions during the study. The concentration of fosphenytoin at each sampling time remained within 97–104% of initial concentration, regardless of container, concentration, intravenous admixture, or storage temperature. CONCLUSIONS: Fosphenytoin sodium, either undiluted in polypropylene syringes or diluted with NaCl 0.9% or D5W in PVC bags, remains stable for at least 30 days at room temperature, under refrigeration, or frozen. After removal from the freezer, fosphenytoin can be thawed, kept at 4 or 25 °C for 7 days, and then returned to the freezer for another 7 days. Admixtures of fosphenytoin sodium in various other intravenous fluids are stable for at least 7 days at room temperature.

Stability of dronabinol capsules when stored frozen, refrigerated, or at room temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (14) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Wempe ◽  
Alan Oldland ◽  
Nancy Stolpman ◽  
Tyree H. Kiser
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Forced Degradation ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Minimal Reduction

Abstract Purpose Results of a study to determine the 90-day stability of dronabinol capsules stored under various temperature conditions are reported. Methods High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection was used to assess the stability of dronabinol capsules (synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [Δ9-THC] mixed with high-grade sesame oil and other inactive ingredients and encapsulated as soft gelatin capsules) that were frozen, refrigerated, or kept at room temperature for three months. The dronabinol capsules remained in the original foil-sealed blister packs until preparation for HPLC–UV assessment. The primary endpoint was the percentage of the initial Δ9-THC concentration remaining at multiple designated time points. The secondary aim was to perform forced-degradation studies under acidic conditions to demonstrate that the HPLC–UV method used was stability indicating. Results The appearance of the dronabinol capsules remained unaltered during frozen, cold, or room-temperature storage. Regardless of storage condition, the percentage of the initial Δ9-THC content remaining was greater than 97% for all evaluated samples at all time points over the three-month study. These experimental data indicate that the product packaging and the sesame oil used to formulate dronabinol capsules efficiently protect Δ9-THC from oxidative degradation to cannabinol; this suggests that pharmacies can store dronabinol capsules in nonrefrigerated automated dispensing systems, with a capsule expiration date of 90 days after removal from the refrigerator. Conclusion Dronabinol capsules may be stored at room temperature in their original packaging for up to three months without compromising capsule appearance and with minimal reduction in Δ9-THC concentration.

Stability of extemporaneously prepared rosuvastatin oral suspension

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 1579-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Naser Zaid ◽  
Rania Shtayah ◽  
Ayman Qadumi ◽  
Mashour Ghanem ◽  
Rawan Qedan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Purpose The stability of an extemporaneously prepared rosuvastatin suspension stored over 30 days under various storage conditions was evaluated. Methods Rosuvastatin suspension was extemporaneously prepared using commercial rosuvastatin tablets as the source of active pharmaceutical ingredient. The organoleptic properties, dissolution profile, and stability of the formulation were investigated. For the stability studies, samples of the suspension were stored under 2 storage conditions, room temperature (25 °C and 60% relative humidity) and accelerated stability chambers (40 °C and 75% relative humidity). Viscosity, pH, organoleptic properties, and microbial contamination were evaluated according to the approved specifications. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the analysis and quantification of rosuvastatin in selected samples. Microbiological investigations were also conducted. Results The prepared suspension showed acceptable organoleptic properties. It showed complete release of rosuvastatin within 15 minutes. The pH of the suspension was 9.8, which remained unchanged during the stability studies. The microbiological investigations demonstrated that the preparation was free of any microbial contamination. In addition, the suspension showed stability within at least the period of use of a 100-mL rosuvastatin bottle. Conclusion Extemporaneously prepared rosuvastatin 20-mg/mL suspension was stable for 30 days when stored at room temperature.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of compression strength of ventilated corrugated citrus packaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj B. Pathare ◽  
Tarl M. Berry ◽  
Umezuruike Linus Opara
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Airflow Distribution ◽  
Postharvest Handling

Abstract Ventilated corrugated paperboard packaging is the most widely type of packaging used in postharvest handling and transportation of fresh horticultural produce, during which the package may be exposed to different environmental conditions. Ventilated packages should be designed in such a way that they can provide uniform airflow distribution without compromising mechanical integrity. This study investigated the effects of different storage conditions (−0.5°C at 90% RH; 4°C at 90% RH, 10° C at 90% RH) on the mechanical performance of two types of ventilated packaging [‘Supervent’ (4.7% vent area) and ‘Standard’ (3.1% vent area)] used for handling citrus fruit. The effects of storage condition on moisture content of package was also studied. Standard packaging showed higher compression strength than supervent packaging, presumably due to less vent area on the package. Maximum compressive strength reduction was found at storage temperature 4°C for both packages. The compressive strength of both packages decreased with increase in moisture content.

Thermal and temporal stability on the enteric viruses infectivity in surface freshwater

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Moresco ◽  
N. A. Damazo ◽  
C. R. M. Barardi
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Murine Norovirus ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
The Stability

The present study aimed to evaluate the stability of Human Adenovirus type 2 (HAdV2) and Murine Norovirus 1 (MNV-1) in surface freshwater samples stored at different temperatures. For HAdV2 the stability decreased with increasing temperatures (−80 &gt; −20 &gt; 4 &gt; 22 °C). The time required to reach one log reduction in viral titers (T90) was similar among all the times and temperatures by different cell-culture based methods and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The HAdV2 stability decreased with the time of storage temperature and methods employed, aside from samples stored at 22 and 4 °C which showed the lowest T90 values (50 days). For MNV-1, the samples stored at 22 and −20 °C showed higher log10 decay values, followed by 4 and −80 °C; while genome persistence was ranked as −80 &gt; −20 &gt; 4 &gt; 22 °C. The T90 values were lower for samples stored at 22 °C (33 days), followed by 4, −20 and −80 °C with 111, 100 and 333 days, respectively. The results indicate that, under laboratory storage conditions, freshwater samples should be kept at 4 °C and at −80 °C for short- and long-term periods, respectively. This study provided useful information about thermal and temporal stability of the enteric viruses regarding sample storage conditions.

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