Thermal and temporal stability on the enteric viruses infectivity in surface freshwater

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Moresco ◽  
N. A. Damazo ◽  
C. R. M. Barardi
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Murine Norovirus ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
The Stability

The present study aimed to evaluate the stability of Human Adenovirus type 2 (HAdV2) and Murine Norovirus 1 (MNV-1) in surface freshwater samples stored at different temperatures. For HAdV2 the stability decreased with increasing temperatures (−80 > −20 > 4 > 22 °C). The time required to reach one log reduction in viral titers (T90) was similar among all the times and temperatures by different cell-culture based methods and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The HAdV2 stability decreased with the time of storage temperature and methods employed, aside from samples stored at 22 and 4 °C which showed the lowest T90 values (50 days). For MNV-1, the samples stored at 22 and −20 °C showed higher log10 decay values, followed by 4 and −80 °C; while genome persistence was ranked as −80 > −20 > 4 > 22 °C. The T90 values were lower for samples stored at 22 °C (33 days), followed by 4, −20 and −80 °C with 111, 100 and 333 days, respectively. The results indicate that, under laboratory storage conditions, freshwater samples should be kept at 4 °C and at −80 °C for short- and long-term periods, respectively. This study provided useful information about thermal and temporal stability of the enteric viruses regarding sample storage conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Influence of a Hydrogel Containing AMPD on the Stability of Tetracycline Hydrochloride

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kostrzębska ◽  
Adrianna Złocińska ◽  
Witold Musiał
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Tetracycline Hydrochloride ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
Hydrogel Formulation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Instability

Tetracyclines, as beneficial antimicrobial factors in both local and systemic therapy, are characterized by high instability. The aim of the study was the development of the influence of hydrogel formulation on the tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) level under varying storage conditions. The HPLC, XPRD as well as SEM and macroscopic observations were involved in the study. The TC concentration decreased within ca. two months from 9.37 µg/mL to 4.41 µg/mL in the case of the photoprotected TC solution stored at 23 °C, whereas the decrease in storage temperature did not improve the final level of TC. In the presence of AMPD, the TC level in aqueous solution decreased drastically to ca. 1 µg/mL. Application of a polyacrylic acid derivative enabled conservation of the TC level through the ca. two months. Thus, the use of alcoholamine in the preparation of the TC hydrogel may result in the development of a therapeutic product with a dual action against acne, including antimicrobial activity and saponification of free fatty acids deposited in the follicles.

scholarly journals Influence of Storage Conditions and Preservatives on Metabolite Fingerprints in Urine

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinchen Wang ◽  
Haiwei Gu ◽  
Susana A. Palma-Duran ◽  
Andres Fierro ◽  
Paniz Jasbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
The Stability

Human urine, which is rich in metabolites, provides valuable approaches for biomarker measurement. Maintaining the stability of metabolites in urine is critical for accurate and reliable research results and subsequent interpretation. In this study, the effect of storage temperature (4, 22, and 40 °C), storage time (24 and 48 h), and use of preservatives (boric acid (BA), thymol) and para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) on urinary metabolites in the pooled urine samples from 20 participants was systematically investigated using large-scale targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics. Statistical analysis of 158 reliably detected metabolites showed that metabolites in urine with no preservative remained stable at 4 °C for 24 and 48 h as well as at 22 °C for 24 h, but significant metabolite differences were observed in urine stored at 22 °C for 48 h and at 40 °C. The mere addition of BA caused metabolite changes. Thymol was observed to be effective in maintaining metabolite stability in urine in all the conditions designed, most likely due to the inhibitory effect of thymol on urine microbiota. Our results provide valuable urine preservation guidance during sample storage, which is essential for obtaining reliable, accurate, and reproducible analytical results from urine samples.

Survival of indigenous enteric viruses during storage of waste water sludge samples

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christon J. Hurst ◽  
Tamara Goyke
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Virus Survival ◽  
Observation Period

The stability of indigenous enteric viruses in samples of settled primary and mixed-liquor activated sludges was studied at 2, 23, and −70 °C. Changes of virus titer which occurred in these samples were followed during an 84-day observation period, with rates of change then calculated by least-squares regression. Virus survival was found to be statistically dependent (p ≤ 0.05) upon storage temperature but not sludge solids content. Based upon the observed rates of inactivation, the average times which would be required for a 90% decrease in virus titer are 26 days at 23 °C, 180 days at 2 °C, and 163 days at −70 °C. As a group, the rates of virus inactivation observed at 2 °C were statistically different (p ≤ 0.05) from those observed at 23 °C, but not different from those observed at −70 °C. The three study temperatures were selected to approximate holding of samples in an air-conditioned room, on wet ice (H2O), and on dry ice (CO2).

scholarly journals Influence of different chemical agents and storage conditions on the microbiological content of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Nataša Đerić ◽  
Olja Todorić ◽  
Milana Rošul ◽  
Sunčica Kocić-Tanackov ◽  
Vladimir Sikora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Industrial Hemp

This study aimed to test different chemical agents to obtain microbiologically safe industrial hemp seeds that could be used for further food processing (with the reduced total number of microorganisms, total number of moulds and yeasts, and total number of Enterobacteriaceae). In order to obtain seeds applicable for food consumption, optimal storage temperature conditions (room temperature, refrigerator, freezer), method of seed packaging (vacuum/without vacuum), and the application of various chemical treatments (ethanol, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hypochlorite) were tested on the certified industrial hemp seeds, produced in two consecutive years. Optimal storage conditions differed for different microorganisms, and the most optimal storage was at room temperature, for seeds produced in 2018, in the treatment to reduce the total number of Enterobacteriaceae and the total number of microorganisms. When storing seeds from 2018 in order to reduce the number of yeasts and moulds, a slightly lower number was spotted when seeds were stored in a vacuum-sealed bag, at the refrigerator/freezer temperature. For hemp seeds produced in 2019, the most optimal storage conditions were at the refrigerator (for reduction of the total number of Enterobacteriaceae) and freezer temperature (for reduction of the total number of microorganisms). For the reduction of the total number of moulds and yeasts, optimal conditions were at room temperature. Ethanol (75%, v/v) was the most effective disinfectant among the tested chemicals regardless of the initial number of microorganisms, with log reduction of 3.2 (for the total number of Enterobacteriaceae), 2.9 log (for the total number of microorganisms), and total reduction of the total number of yeasts and moulds after 10 minutes, for the seeds harvested in 2019, which were far more contaminated than the seeds harvested in 2018. Considering the price of the disinfection method with ethanol, sodium hypochlorite may be a better solution for the reduction of the number of microbiota on the seeds.

scholarly journals Exhaled nitric oxide in mylar balloons: influence of storage time, humidity and temperature

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bodini ◽  
Mariëlle W. H. Pijnenburg ◽  
Atillio L. Boner ◽  
Johan C. de Jongste
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
Oxide Concentration ◽  
Nitric Oxide Concentration ◽  
The Stability

Background:Mylar balloons are used to collect exhaled air for analysis of fractional nitric oxide concentration (FENO).Aim:We studied the effect of storage conditions on the stability of nitric oxide (NO) in mylar balloons.Methods:Exhaled air samples and calibration gases were stored in mylar balloons at 4, 21 and 37°C, with or without silica gel. NO was measured after 0, 6, 9, 24 and 48 h. Scheffe F-tests were used to compare NO values. Results NO remained stable in balloons for 9 h at all temperatures, without silica gel. NO increased between 9 and 48 h, but only with low initial FENO. Silica gel increased variability.Conclusions:FENO in mylar balloons is stable for at least 9 h. The storage temperature is not critical, but silica gel increases variability.

scholarly journals Effects of Storage Temperature and Media/Buffer for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namhee Kim ◽  
Ahrin Kwon ◽  
Eun Youn Roh ◽  
Jong Hyun Yoon ◽  
Mi Seon Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Objectives The increase in the number of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has delayed real-time reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), requiring proper shipping and storage conditions, especially in hot weather. This study aims to assess how some conditions, such as storage period, temperature, media or buffer, and sample types, affect the results of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-qPCR. Methods SARS-CoV-2–positive specimens were collected from Boramae Medical Center for 2 months (from May to June 2020) and stored in different media or buffers at different temperatures. Results As a result of examining confirmed patient samples, RT-qPCR results were not significantly affected by 2°C to 8°C storage until after 7 days. When stored at 20°C to 22°C or above 35°C, the results were affected negatively even after 1 day. Higher storage temperatures resulted in a lower probability of detecting viral nucleic acids because of degradation. Samples stored in pH-controlled media or buffer were more stable than those stored in nonbuffer states. Conclusions These results emphasize the importance of storage temperature and media or buffer and performing RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection as soon as possible after sample collection.

scholarly journals Influence of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Vitamin D3 and Kinetic Study of the Vitamin Degradation in Fortified Canola Oil during the Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mina Zareie ◽  
Azam Abbasi ◽  
Shiva Faghih
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles

Nowadays, fortified vegetable oils with vitamin D3 are widely available in different countries. In this study, the influence of storage conditions including light, air, storage temperature, and time on vitamin D3 retention in fortified canola oil was evaluated. Moreover, a kinetic study on vitamin D3 degradation in the oil was done. To this aim, fortified canola oil was prepared at two initial concentrations of 6.87 mg·kg−1 and 13.8 mg·kg−1 and then filled in transparent and dark-brown polyethylene terephthalate bottles at two filling levels of 50% and 100%. Samples were kept in two temperatures of 4°C and room temperature (27°C). The retention of vitamin D3 in different samples showed that the vitamin content was affected by the packaging type, storage temperature, and initial concentration. Vitamin D3 in the samples with a lower concentration of the vitamin which was stored in the refrigerator showed the highest retention (91%) after 70 days of storage, and the samples with higher initial concentration packed in transparent containers which were stored at room temperature (RT) showed the greatest loss (55.6%). Results of the kinetic study also showed that vitamin D3 was affected by storage condition. The half-life of the vitamin D3 differed from 96 to 577 days depending on the storage condition.

scholarly journals Development and stability of candy in soursop mass

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e12
Author(s):  
Armando Carlos Diógenes Júnior ◽  
Stefanie De Freitas Almeida ◽  
Emanuel Neto Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Victor Crescêncio de Freitas ◽  
Bruno Fonsêca Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Glucose Syrup ◽  
The Stability

The objective was to develop and characterize candies in soursop mass, replacing sucrose partially with glucose syrup, and to evaluate the stability during 90 days of storage under different temperatures. Two formulations of candies were prepared with sucrose substitution by glucose syrup, as well as a standard sample with sucrose alone. They were heated and concentrated to 71 °Brix for packaging in polyethylene packages. Afterwards, the candies were stored at 10 and 20 °C in a Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) incubator and 28.1 °C (ambient temperature) for 90 days. During storage, the physical-chemical analyzes were performed: water content, total solids, pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids, water content and activity. It wasverified that the storage conditions caused reduction of the values of water content and water activity, besides increasing the values of total solids, total soluble solids and Ratio for all samples and storage conditions. The determining factor for the stability and preservation of product characteristics was the storage temperature; Being 10 ° C the ideal temperature for a better preservation of the candies in the standard formulation and 20 ° C for the added formulations of glucose syrup.

scholarly journals Flow-cytometric assessment of damages to Acetobacter senegalensis during freeze-drying process and storage

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1s) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasoul Shafiei ◽  
Frank Delvigne ◽  
Phillipe Thonart
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Cell Multiplication ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Downstream Processes ◽  
And Storage

Downstream processes have great influences on bacterial starter production. Different modifications occur to cellular compounds during freeze-drying process and storage of bacterial starters. Consequently, viability and culturability (multiplication capacity) undergo some changes. In this study, the effects of freeze-drying process and storage conditions were examined on cell envelope integrity, respiration and culturability of <em>Acetobacter senegalensis</em>. Freezing of cells protected with mannitol (20% w/w) did not affect cell multiplication and respiration considerably; however, 19% of cells showed compromised cell envelope after freezing. After drying, 1.96&times;10<sup>11</sup> CFU/g were enumerated, indicating that about 34% of the cells could survive and keep their culturability. Drying of the cells induced further leakage in cell envelope and finally 81% of cells appeared as injured ones; however, 87% of the dried cells maintained their respiration capacity. Storage temperature had significant effect on cell multiplication ability; higher storage temperature (35&deg;C) caused 8.59-log reduction in cell culturability after nine-month period of storage. Collapse of cell envelop integrity and respiration was observed at 35&deg;C. At lower storage temperature (4&deg;C), the culturability decreased about one-log reduction after nine months. Cell envelope integrity was subjected to minor changes during a period of nine month-storage at 4&deg;C whereas a heterogeneous population of cells with different respiration capacity emerged at 4&deg;C. These results indicate that a major part of cells undergone drying process and storage entered into viable but non-culturable state. In addition, usage of different culture media didn&rsquo;t improve resuscitation. Besides, it seems that sub-lethal damages to cell envelope caused uptake of propidium iodide, however these kinds of injuries could not impress cell multiplications and respiration.

scholarly journals Effects of Storage Temperature and Time on Stability of Serum Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine A Levels in Whole Blood by LC-MS/MS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
İbrahim Kaplan ◽  
Hatice Yüksel ◽  
Osman Evliyaoğlu ◽  
M. Kemal Basarali ◽  
Gülten Toprak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Whole Blood Samples ◽  
The Stability

Tacrolimus and cyclosporine A are immunosuppressant drugs with narrow therapeutic windows. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of tacrolimus and cyclosporin A levels in whole blood samples under different storage conditions. Whole blood samples were obtained from 15 patients receiving tacrolimus and 15 patients receiving cyclosporine A. Samples were immediately analyzed and then stored at different conditions (room temperature (24°C−26°C) for 24 hours, +4°C for 24 and 48 hours, and −20°C for one month) and then analyzed again. For tacrolimus, there was a significant difference between samples analyzed immediately and those kept 24 hours at room temperature (P=0.005) (percent change 32.89%). However, there were no significant differences between the other groups. For cyclosporine A, there was a significant difference between samples analyzed immediately and those kept 24 hours (P=0.003) (percent change 19.47%) and 48 hours (P=0.002) (percent change 15.38%) at +4°C and those kept 24 hours at room temperature (P=0.011) (percent change 9.71%). Samples of tacrolimus should be analyzed immediately or stored at either +4°C or −20°C, while samples of cyclosporine A should be analyzed immediately or stored at −20°C.

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