scholarly journals Marine Macroalgae Display Bioreductant Efficacy for Fabricating Metallic Nanoparticles: Intra/Extracellular Mechanism and Potential Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Sabiha Mahmood Ansari ◽  
Quaiser Saquib ◽  
Valeria De Matteis ◽  
Hend Awad Alwathnani ◽  
Sulaiman Ali Alharbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Biological Sources

The application of hazardous chemicals during nanoparticle (NP) synthesis has raised alarming concerns pertaining to their biocompatibility and equally to the environmental harmlessness. In the recent decade, nanotechnological research has made a gigantic shift in order to include the natural resources to produce biogenic NPs. Within this approach, researchers have utilized marine resources such as macroalgae and microalgae, land plants, bacteria, fungi, yeast, actinomycetes, and viruses to synthesize NPs. Marine macroalgae (brown, red, and green) are rich in polysaccharides including alginates, fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs), galactans, agars or carrageenans, semicrystalline cellulose, ulvans, and hemicelluloses. Phytochemicals are abundant in phenols, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and vitamins. However, microorganisms have an abundance of active compounds ranging from sugar molecules, enzymes, canonical membrane proteins, reductase enzymes (NADH and NADPH), membrane proteins to many more. The prime reason for using the aforesaid entities in the metallic NPs synthesis is based on their intrinsic properties to act as bioreductants, having the capability to reduce and cap the metal ions into stabilized NPs. Several green NPs have been verified for their biocompatibility in human cells. Bioactive constituents from the above resources have been found on the green metallic NPs, which has demonstrated their efficacies as prospective antibiotics and anti-cancer agents against a range of human pathogens and cancer cells. Moreover, these NPs can be characterized for the size, shapes, functional groups, surface properties, porosity, hydrodynamic stability, and surface charge using different characterization techniques. The novelty and originality of this review is that we provide recent research compilations on green synthesis of NPs by marine macroalgae and other biological sources (plant, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, yeast, and virus). Besides, we elaborated on the detailed intra- and extracellular mechanisms of NPs synthesis by marine macroalgae. The application of green NPs as anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, and popular methods of NPs characterization techniques has also been critically reviewed.

Effects of Minor Compounds of Edible Oils on Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1196-1208
Author(s):  
Ramin Ghodsi ◽  
Rahmat Nosrati
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Minor Compounds ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Background: Oils and fats are the densest sources of food energy among food groups. Vegetable oils are constituted predominantly of triglycerides. Due to the importance of edible oils in nutrition, food industry and human health, great attention has been paid to them in recent years. Some minor bioactive constituents in oils include phospholipids, tocols, sterols, carotenoid, chlorophyll, phenols, phylokynon and terpenes. Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine beneficial effects of minor compounds in edible oils on human health. Results: Minor compounds of edible oils that we use daily can produce remarkable results in the prevention and treatment of various diseases like diabetes, inflammation, hypertension, cancer, allergy and central nervous system disorders due to their antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, anti-mutagenic, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties, among others. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the presence of beneficial minor compounds in oils could have significant impact on the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Therefore, the type of consumed oil can play an important role in human health.

Phyto-Facilitated Bimetallic ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles via Boswellia carteri: Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Cancer Activity.

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Imraish ◽  
Afnan Al-Hunaiti ◽  
Tuqa Abu-Thiab ◽  
Abed Al-Qader Ibrahim ◽  
Eman Hwaitat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Bimetallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Iron Chloride ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Adverse Side Effect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Znfe2o4 Nanoparticles

Background: The growing unsatisfaction toward the available traditional chemotherapeutic agents enhanced the need to develop new methods for obtaining materials with more effective and safe anti-cancer properties. Over the past few years, usage of metallic nanoparticles has been a target for researchers of different scientific and commercial fields due to their tiny sizes, environment friendly properties and wide range applications. To overcome the obstacles of traditional physical and chemical methods for synthesis of such nanoparticles, a new less expensive and eco-friendly method has been adopted using natural existing organisms as a reducing agent to mediate synthesis of the desired metallic nanoparticles from their precursors, a process called green biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Objective: Here in the present study, zinc iron bimetallic nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4) were synthesized via an aqueous extract of Boswellia Carteri resin mixed with zinc acetate and iron chloride precursors, and they were tested for their anticancer activity. Methods: Various analytic methods were applied for the characterization of the Phyto synthesized ZnFe2O4 and they were tested for their anticancer activity against MDA-MB-231, K562, MCF-7 cancer cell lines and normal fibroblasts. Results: Our results demonstrate the synthesis of cubic structured bimetallic nanoparticles ZnFe2O4 with an average diameter 10.54 nm. MTT cytotoxicity assay demonstrate that our phyto-synthesized ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibited a selective and potent anticancer activity against K562 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines with IC50 values 4.53 µM and 4.19 µM, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, our bio synthesized ZnFe2O4 nano particles show a promising environmentally friendly of low coast chemotherapeutic approach against selective cancers with a predicted low adverse side effect toward normal cells. Further in vivo advanced animal research should be done to execute their applicability in living organisms.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis and Potential Applications of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles and Their Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites in Nanomedicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haliza Katas ◽  
Noor Zianah Moden ◽  
Chei Sin Lim ◽  
Terence Celesistinus ◽  
Jie Yee Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Silver And Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Biological Sources

Biosynthesized or biogenic metallic nanoparticles, particularly silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively), have been increasingly used because of their advantages, including high stability and loading capacity; moreover, these nanoparticles are synthesized using a green and cost-effective method. Previous studies have investigated reducing and/or stabilizing agents from various biological sources, including plants, microorganisms, and marine-derived products, using either a one-pot or a multistep process at different conditions. In addition, extensive studies have been performed to determine the biological or pharmacological effects of these nanoparticles, such as antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. In the recent years, chitosan, a natural cationic polysaccharide, has been increasingly investigated as a reducing and/or stabilizing agent in the synthesis of biogenic metallic nanoparticles with potential applications in nanomedicine. Here, we have reviewed the mechanism of biosynthesis and potential applications of AgNPs and AuNPs and their chitosan-mediated nanocomposites in nanomedicine.

scholarly journals A Short Review on the Valorization of Green Seaweeds and Ulvan: FEEDSTOCK for Chemicals and Biomaterials

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
D. Shanthana Lakshmi ◽  
Sivashunmugam Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Tejal K Gajaria ◽  
Guoqiang Li ◽  
Wojciech Kujawski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Green Seaweed ◽  
Modified Forms

This short review analyzed the recent trend towards, progresses towards the preparation of chemicals of, and value-added biomaterials from marine macroalgae resources, especially green seaweeds and their derived ulvan polysaccharides for various applications. In recent years, ulvan both in pristine and modified forms has gained a large amount of attention for its effective utilization in various areas due to its unique physiochemical properties, lack of exploration, and higher green seaweed production. The pristine form of ulvan (sulfated polysaccharides) is used as a bio-component; food ingredient; or a raw material for the production of numerous chemicals such as fuels, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, whereas its modified form is used in the sector of composites, membranes, and scaffolds, among others, because of its physicochemical properties. This review highlights the utilization of green seaweed and its derived ulvan polysaccharides for the preparation of numerous chemicals (e.g., solvents, fuel, and gas) and also value-added biomaterials with various morphologies (e.g., gels, fibers, films, scaffolds, nanomaterials, and composites).

scholarly journals Catechin: Molecular mechanism of Anti-Cancer Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Meutia Sari
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Inhibit Cell Proliferation

Over the recent decade, attention has been focused on the pathologic role of free radicals in a variety of diseases, which are most related to the carcinogenesis process. Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process that is induced primarily by carcinogens leading to the development of cancer. Extensive research in the last few years has revealed that regular consumption of certain fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of acquiring specific cancers. Catechins are phytochemical compounds found in high concentrations in a variety of plant-based foods and beverages. Studies with cell lines have demonstrated that catechins affect signal transduction pathways, inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. More mechanistic studies in these areas will help us to understand the inhibitory action of catechin against carcinogenesis and provide background for evaluating the effects of catechin on human carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Exploration and profiling of hidden endophytic mycota of marine macroalgae with potential drug leads

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manomi Sarasan ◽  
Neema Job ◽  
Jayesh Puthumana ◽  
Ravinesh R ◽  
Prabhakaran M P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Marine Flora ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Drug Leads

ABSTRACT Diversity studies of endophytic assemblages are emerging challenges, which unveil novel phenotypes producing interesting chemical entities and a better understanding of their ecological significance. In the present investigation, we selected an extremely complex and unique environment supporting unexplored endophytes, ‘Macroalgae of Kerala coast, India’. Unlike terrestrial flora and mangroves, reports displaying endophytic assemblages of marine flora remain limited, especially from India. The main goal of this study was to expose hidden endophytic fungi from macroalgae and examination of their bioactive potential. An ecological investigation of four red, four green and three brown algae resulted in 133 fungal taxa with 29 distinct morphospecies. Aspergillus and Penicillium were found to be the dominant genera. Penicillium chrysogenum was the sole fungi that contributed 11% of the entire endophytic community. Antimicrobial activity against various aquaculture/human pathogens revealed that around 59% of endophytes inhibited at least one of the pathogens screened. The maximum number of isolates (37%) inhibited Escherichia coli tailed by Aspergillus fumigatus (27%). Antimicrobial profile of fungal endophytes endorses them as a potential source of bioactive molecules that can be explored to find a solution for drug resistance in microbial pathogens.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Uses of Red Macroalgae

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4411
Author(s):  
Mona M. Ismail ◽  
Badriyah S. Alotaibi ◽  
Mostafa M. EL-Sheekh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Red Macroalgae ◽  
Gelling Properties

Red Seaweed “Rhodophyta” are an important group of macroalgae that include approximately 7000 species. They are a rich source of structurally diverse bioactive constituents, including protein, sulfated polysaccharides, pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds with nutritional, medical, and industrial importance. Polysaccharides are the main components in the cell wall of red algae and represent about 40–50% of the dry weight, which are extensively utilized in industry and pharmaceutical compounds, due to their thickening and gelling properties. The hydrocolloids galactans carrageenans and agars are the main red seaweed cell wall polysaccharides, which had broad-spectrum therapeutic characters. Generally, the chemical contents of seaweed are different according to the algal species, growth stage, environment, and external conditions, e.g., the temperature of the water, light intensity, nutrient concentrations in the ecosystem. Economically, they can be recommended as a substitute source for natural ingredients that contribute to a broad range of bioactivities like cancer therapy, anti-inflammatory agents, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory. This review touches on the main points of the pharmaceutical applications of red seaweed, as well as the exploitation of their specific compounds and secondary metabolites with vital roles.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Valorization of Solieria filiformis (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from IMTA Using a Biorefinery Concept

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Peñuela ◽  
Daniel Robledo ◽  
Nathalie Bourgougnon ◽  
Gilles Bedoux ◽  
Emanuel Hernández-Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solieria Filiformis

Marine macroalgae (seaweed) are an excellent source of novel bioactive metabolites. The biorefinery concept applied to seaweed facilitates the extraction of many chemical constituents from the same biomass ensuring that the resource is used fully, generating few residues through a succession of extraction steps. In the present study, the biomass of the carragenophyte Solieria filiformis (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) cultured in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system was evaluated to obtain valuable products by a biorefinery approach. Enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were the eco-friendly technologies used to ensure an environmentally friendly valorization of the biomass. Three valuable products were successfully recovered: a water-soluble extract rich in proteins and sulfated polysaccharides suitable as a food supplement; a lipid fraction rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with potential to be used in the nutraceutical industry; and a pure ι-carrageenan with a powerful antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus (EC50 = 6.3 µg mL−1) comparable to the commercial antiviral acyclovir (EC50 = 3.2–5.4 µg mL−1).

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