scholarly journals Rotavirus in Calves and Its Zoonotic Importance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Umer Seid Geletu ◽  
Munera Ahmednur Usmael ◽  
Fufa Dawo Bari
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Livestock Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Rotavirus Infections ◽  
Primary Strategy

Rotavirus is a major pathogen responsible for diarrheal disease in calves, resulting in loss of productivity and economy of farmers. However, various facets of diarrheal disease caused by rotavirus in calves in the world are inadequately understood, considering that diarrheal disease caused by rotavirus is a vital health problem in calves that interrupts production benefits with reduced weight gain and increased mortality, and its potential for zoonotic spread. The pathological changes made by rotavirus are almost exclusively limited to the small intestine that leads to diarrhea. It is environmentally distributed worldwide and was extensively studied. Reassortment is one of the important mechanisms for generating genetic diversity of rotaviruses and eventually for viral evolution. So, the primary strategy is to reduce the burden of rotavirus infections by practicing early colostrum’s feeding in newborn calves, using vaccine, and improving livestock management. Rotaviruses have a wide host range, infecting many animal species as well as humans. As it was found that certain animal rotavirus strains had antigenic similarities to some human strains, this may be an indication for an animal to play a role as a source of rotavirus infection in humans. Groups A to C have been shown to infect both humans and animals. The most commonly detected strains in both human and animals are G2, G3, G4, and G9, P [6]. Therefore, this review was made to get overview epidemiology status and zoonotic importance of bovine rotavirus.

scholarly journals Porcine Circovirus 3a Field Strains in Free-Living Wild Boars in Paraná State, Brazil

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1634
Author(s):  
Tatiana Carolina Gomes Dutra de Souza ◽  
Danielle Gava ◽  
Rejane Schaefer ◽  
Raquel Arruda Leme ◽  
Gisele da Silva Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Living Animal ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
The World

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) was identified in domestic pigs worldwide. Although PCV-3 has also been detected in wild boars, information regarding its circulation in this free-living animal species is scarce. To investigate PCV-3 occurrence in free-living wild boars in Brazil, 70 serum samples collected between January 2017 and June 2019 in Paraná state, Brazil were analyzed by PCR assay. Amplicons measuring 330 bp in length were amplified in seven (10.0%) of the serum samples and confirmed to be PCV3-specific by nucleotide (nt) sequencing. As the amplified products from the serum samples yielded only intermediate levels of viral DNA, lung samples from the seven PCR-positive wild boars were also evaluated by PCR. Of these samples, five lung samples were positive and provided high levels of viral DNA. The three lung samples that presented the highest levels of viral DNA were selected for amplification and sequencing of the whole PCV-3 genome. The three full-length sequences obtained were grouped in PCV-3 clade “a”, and the sequences exhibited 100% nucleotide similarity among them. The PCV-3 field strains of this study showed nucleotide and amino acid similarities of 98.5–99.8% and 98.8–100%, respectively, with whole-genome PCV-3 sequences from around the world.

scholarly journals Laboratory Animal Models for Brucellosis Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teane M. A. Silva ◽  
Erica A. Costa ◽  
Tatiane A. Paixão ◽  
Renée M. Tsolis ◽  
Renato L. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
The World

Brucellosis is a chronic infectious disease caused byBrucellaspp., a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen that affects humans and animals, leading to significant impact on public health and animal industry. Human brucellosis is considered the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis in the world and is characterized by fever, weight loss, depression, hepato/splenomegaly, osteoarticular, and genital infections. Relevant aspects ofBrucellapathogenesis have been intensively investigated in culture cells and animal models. The mouse is the animal model more commonly used to study chronic infection caused byBrucella. This model is most frequently used to investigate specific pathogenic factors ofBrucellaspp., to characterize the host immune response, and to evaluate therapeutics and vaccines. Other animal species have been used as models for brucellosis including rats, guinea pigs, and monkeys. This paper discusses the murine and other laboratory animal models for human and animal brucellosis.

scholarly journals Animal Real-Unreal in Traditional Conceptions of the World in Croatian Areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 298-319
Author(s):  
Lidija Bajuk
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The World

Trying to interpret oneself and the other in the world, the traditional Man has established a real world and an otherworld. Specific herbal and animal attributes were ascribed to particular people who allegedly had the power to communicate between worldliness and transcendence. Also some human characteristics were linked with herbal and animal mediators. These attributes were folklorized as miraculous powers. Such supernatural beings from South Slavic traditional conceptionsof the world have been largely associated with the pre-Christian deities and their degradations, based on the observed real attributes of the vegetal and animal species. The interdisciplinary comparative way of treating South Slavic folklore real-unreal motifs through time and space in this article is its ethnological, animalistic and anthropological contribution.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Knowledge About the Environment: A Biophilosophical View

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Pereira Junior
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Animal Brain ◽  
The World ◽  
Von Uexküll ◽  
Species Specific

The biological work of Jacob von Uexkull (1934) raised an hypothesis that different animal species living in the same environment would have different knowledge about it. He suggested that each species perceives the world according to the structure of their effectors. In this essay I discuss mechanisms in the animal brain possibly responsible for the "embodied" or "pragmatic" character of cognition.

A Voice without a Muse

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Vespa
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Ancient Society ◽  
The World ◽  
The Voice

Ancient sources often describe non-human primates as imitative animals, i.e., living beings able to reproduce, with different degrees of perfection, gestures and movements carried out by human beings. Indeed monkeys are often characterized asmimeloi, mimetikoi, terms coming from the same semantic field of the nounmimos(< *mim-).But what about the world of sounds? Are non-human primates regarded as good imitators and performers also when it comes to music and singing? Ancient evidence clearly indicates that other animal species (like nightingales or partridges), and not monkeys, were mainly regarded as excellent singers worthy of imitation by human beings. Through a detailed analysis of ancient Greek sources, especially some passages in Galen, this paper aims at investigating why non-human primates were not considered good singers. In particular, this survey tries to shed a new light on some cultural associations, according to which the small and weak voice of monkeys (µικροφωνία) and the voice of other figures in ancient society (like actors, musicians, kids, eunuchs and so on) were described in a similar way.

scholarly journals Contributing to the progress of descriptive taxonomy

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1968 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHI-QIANG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Systematics ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Types Of Information

One of the fundamental quests of biology is discovering how many species inhabit the Earth. Yet the vast majority of the world’s animal species are waiting to be discovered, named and described—estimates of the total number vary from 5 to 30 million.  Most biologists would agree that taxonomy is important and fundamental to credible biology, and descriptive taxonomy is the most important task of taxonomy (Wheeler 2007). Unfortunately, the reality is that descriptive taxonomy has been marginalized since the mid-1950s and has sustained serious losses in funding and academic positions in universities and museums around the world, especially since phylogenetic and molecular studies became popular in the last twenty years.  During this period, there has also been an important historical trend in taxonomic publishing—many journal publishers/editors have been making increasing demands on authors to provide phylogenetic analysis, molecular systematics, and other modern types of information in taxonomic papers. In addition, there are long publication delays and/or increasing page charges for many journals that do publish descriptive taxonomic papers. Zootaxa was founded in 2001 to provide a much-needed outlet for descriptive taxonomic papers and monographs that are difficult to publish elsewhere, and as a result has received tremendous support from taxonomists worldwide, despite the fact that it is a grass-roots project without support from government and institutions (Zhang 2006a).  Zootaxa satisfied the publishing need of many zoological taxonomists, and sustained a period of rapid growth during 2001 to 2006 (Zhang 2006b). During the last two years, it has continued to grow in size, and especially in its impact, and has become a major force in reviving descriptive taxonomy on a global scale.  Here I summarize some encouraging data on the growth of Zootaxa and its impact.  I also comment on its contribution to the progress of  descriptive taxonomy.

Neutralizing antibody to bovine rotavirus in various animal species

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sato ◽  
Y. Inaba ◽  
T. Shinozaki ◽  
M. Matumoto
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus

scholarly journals Are Human P[14] Rotavirus Strains the Result of Interspecies Transmissions from Sheep or Other Ungulates That Belong to the Mammalian Order Artiodactyla?

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 2917-2929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle Matthijnssens ◽  
Christiaan A. Potgieter ◽  
Max Ciarlet ◽  
Viviana Parreño ◽  
Vito Martella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Genome ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Lama Guanicoe ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Genomic Relatedness

ABSTRACT A limited number of human G6P[14] rotavirus strains that cause gastroenteritis in humans have been isolated in Europe and Australia. The complete genome sequences were determined for five of these human strains—B10925-97 (isolated in Belgium in 1997), 111/05-27 (Italy, 2005), PA169 (Italy, 1987), MG6 (Australia, 1993), and Hun5 (Hungary, 1997)—and their genetic relatedness to animal rotavirus strains was evaluated by sequencing the complete genome of the sheep rotavirus OVR762 (G8P[14]; Spain, 2002), the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) rotavirus strains Arg/Chubut/99 and Arg/Río Negro/98 (G8P[14] and G8P[1], respectively; Argentina, 1999 and 1998), the sable antelope strain RC-18/08 (G6P[14]; South Africa, 2008), and the bovine rotavirus strain Arg/B383/98 (G15P[11]; Argentina, 1998). These analyses revealed an overall consensus genomic constellation (G6/G8)-P[14]-I2-(R2/R5)-C2-M2-(A3/A11)-N2-T6-(E2/E12)-H3, together with a few gene reassortments, and the phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the P[14] human strains evaluated in this study were closely related to rotavirus strains isolated from sheep, cattle, goats, guanacos, and antelopes and to rabbits (albeit to a lesser extent), suggesting that one (or more) of these animal species might be the source of the human G6P[14] strains. The main feature of the genotype and phylogenetic analyses was the close overall genomic relatedness between the five human G6P[14] rotavirus strains and the ovine and antelope rotavirus strains. Taken together, these data strongly suggest a common origin for the human P[14] strains and those of the even-toed ungulates belonging to the mammalian order Artiodactyla, with sheep probably playing a key role in the interspecies transmission responsible for the introduction of P[14] rotavirus strains into the human population.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Destinasi Pariwisata Pulau Komodo Terhadap Beberapa Aspek Pembangungan Di Kabupaten Manggarai Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Mustamin H. Idris ◽  
Sel Va ◽  
Rizky Destari
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The World ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Era

Tourism is one sector that plays a role in the development process in contributing to the region and society. One of the tourist destinations that are currently in great demand by tourists is the Komodo Island Tourism Destination, which is one of the mainstay of tourism potential in the city of Labuan Bajo. Komodo is one of the step animal species that still lives in this modern era and was chosen as one of the seven wonders of the world. The purpose of this study was to find out how the influence of Komodo Island Travel Destinations on several aspects of development in the city of Labuan Bajo. The research method is applied by applying quantitative descriptive, data collection techniques, including interviews, observation and documentation. In particular, this research was conducted in the city of Labuan Bajo with the active participation of 41 key informants. The results of the study revealed that the policy of the Office of Tourism and Culture in the city of Labuan Bajo was well run and quite successful, the Regional Original Income increased for 5 consecutive years and fulfilled the welfare of the communities around Komodo Island Tourism Destinations.

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