scholarly journals Ripening Response of Sugarcane Varieties to Chemical Ripeners and Economic Benefits during the Early Period of Harvesting at Wonji-Shoa and Metahara Sugarcane Plantations, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Netsanet Ayele ◽  
Tamado Tana ◽  
Philippus Daniel Riekert Van Heerden ◽  
Kebede W/Tsadik ◽  
Yibekal Alemayehu
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Marginal Rate Of Return ◽  
Stalk Weight

Wonji-Shoa and Metahara sugarcane plantations experience reduced sucrose content (%) during the starting period of sugarcane crushing due to the combined influence of high (>27°C) temperature and the presence of high residual soil moisture. Studies elsewhere showed the potential of chemical ripeners in boosting the sucrose content (%), where natural ripening is deterred by these challenges. Accordingly, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the responsiveness of selected sugarcane varieties to chemical ripeners at both plantations. The treatments consisted of a factorial combination of four sugarcane varieties (B52298, NCo334, C86-56, and SP70-1284) and six ripener treatments: (1) Ethephon™(720 g ai ha−1), (2) Fusilade Forte™(25.6 g ai ha−1), (3) Moddus™ (250 g ai ha−1), (4) Ethephon™ (720 g ai ha−1) + Fusilade Forte™ (25.6 g ai ha−1), (5) Moddus™ (250 g ai ha−1) + Fusilade Forte™ (25.6 g ai ha−1), and (6) Unsprayed (control). The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. The results showed a significant ( p = 0.025 ) and highly significant ( p = 0.001 ) variety by ripener interaction in stalk height and sucrose content, respectively, while the main effect ripener highly significantly affected stalk weight ( p = 0.001 ) and sucrose yield ( p = 0.003 ). The variety C86-56 sprayed with combinations of Ethephon™ + Fusilade Forte™ and Moddus™ + Fusilade Forte™ had the shortest stalk heights of 1.27 and 1.29 m, respectively, compared with the control. Ethephon™ + Fusilade Forte™ combination resulted in the highest reduction of stalk weight (8.36%), while the lowest was recorded in the sole Moddus™ treatment (6.31%). From the ripener treatments, the Moddus™ + Fusilade Forte™ combination and Ethephon™ + Fusilade Forte™ combination improved sucrose yield by 1.42 and 1.34 t ha−1, respectively, compared with the control. However, in economic terms, the Moddus™ + Fusilade Forte™ combination treatment resulted in the highest marginal rate of return of 1244%. Therefore, the Moddus™ + Fusilade Forte™ combination ripener treatment was found to be promising to be evaluated at a commercial scale on immature sugarcane varieties B52-298, NCo334, and SP70-1284.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Blended Fertilizer Formulas under Limed Condition of Acid Soil on Soybean (Glycine max) at Asossa District of Benishal-gul Gumuz Regional State

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Teriku Legesse ◽  
Bakala Anbessa ◽  
Dassalegn Temene ◽  
Getahun Dereje
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Marginal Rate Of Return

Purpose: To evaluate the blended fertilizer formulas types, under unlimed limed condition of Asossa acid soil on soybean in Benishagul Gumuz of Ethiopia. Methods: Two factorial RCB design with three replications was used in the investigation. Five types of blended fertilizer formulas were tested under limed and unlimed condition in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design. Lime and blended fertilizer types were used as factor. The amount of lime that was applied at each location was calculated on the basis of the exchangeable acidity, bulk density and 15 cm depth of the soil. One mole of exchangeable acidity would be neutralized by an equivalent mole of CaCO3. Accordingly, the amount of lime for this particular activity would be uniformly applied for all plots at 1.5 times of the exchangeable acidity (Equation 1) and incorporated in to the soil a month before seed sowing. Results: The effects of applied lime (CaCO3) and fertilizer types on growth and yield components of soybean were non-significantly (P>0.05) influenced except 100 seed weight, whereas the lime by blended fertilizer types interaction effects were not-significantly (P>0.05) affect all growth and yield components of soybean (Table 2). The highest plant height (71.58 cm) was obtained from NPKSZnB (Formula 5 modified) fertilizer type, however statistically non-significant from the other treatments. Conclusion: The partial budget analysis indicated that, it was not necessarily based on the highest marginal rate of return, rather based on the minimum acceptable marginal rate of return and the treatment with the high net benefit, relatively low variable cost together with an acceptable MRR becomes the tentative recommendation. Therefore we recommend the treatments (100 kg /ha NPSB) that have acceptable marginal rate of return, relatively high net benefit and relatively small total cost of production for soybean production in Asossa zone.

scholarly journals Rate and Spraying Frequency Determination of Propiconazole Fungicide for the Management of Garlic Rust at Woreilu District, Northeastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Admasie Kassaw ◽  
Aderajew Mihretie ◽  
Abebe Ayalew
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Marginal Rate Of Return ◽  
Bulb Yield

Rust is a major disease of garlic in Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted at Kabe and Segno Kebeles of Woreilu District in 2019 to determine the appropriate rate and spraying frequency of propiconazole fungicide and select cost-effective management options of garlic rust. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The combination of five rates and three spraying frequencies of propiconazole fungicide and unsprayed treatments was evaluated. A combination of rate and spraying frequencies of propiconazole significantly reduced disease with correspondingly increased bulb yield of garlic. The minimum percentage severity index and area under disease progress curve were scored from plots treated by all rates with three times spraying frequency of Tilt fungicide application. The highest bulb yield was obtained from plots treated with all fungicide rates with three times spraying frequencies of propiconazole application. But the highest (6896.36%) marginal rate of return was obtained from plots treated with 0.5 L with two times spraying. Generally, 0.5 liters with two times spraying of propiconazole was effective in controlling garlic disease and get the highest cost-benefit advantage as compared with other treatments. Therefore, it could be recommended for the management of garlic rust in Ethiopia.

Faba bean gall (Olipidium viciae Kusano) disease management using fungicides in North Shewa, Highlands of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-005
Author(s):  
Belachew Bekele Tiruneh ◽  
Sisay Argaye Bereda
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Marginal Rate Of Return

Faba bean gall becomes the worst problem for the crop production. The diseases can cause up to complete crop failure. Studies showed that, applications of some fungicides and seed dressings have certain effects of reducing faba bean gall diseases and increases yield. Thus, the study aims to select best effective and economical fungicide for faba bean gall disease management. The experiment was conducted at farmers’ field on hot spot areas to manage the disease using fungicides in 2019/20 cropping season. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Nativo SC 300, Eminant star, Rex-Dou and Mancozeb 80 WP fungicides were applied as manufacturers’ recommendations. Significant difference between plots in plant height, disease severity, area under disease progress curve, grain yield and thousand kernel weights were recorded. The highest (46.67%) disease score were recorded in control plots followed by Rex-Dou (40.0%) sprayed plots. Whereas the lowest, disease severity (15.11%) were recorded from Eminant star sprayed plots. The highest grain yield was recorded in Eminant star (3.08 ton ha-1) sprayed plot followed by Nativo Sc 300 (3.01 ton ha-1) and Mancozeb 80 WP (2.54 ton ha-1) sprayed plots respectively. Eminant star sprayed plots also gave the highest economic benefit ETB (102770.0) and marginal rate of return (1678.46) followed by Nativo Sc 300 with net benefit of ETB (99190.0) and a marginal rate of return (925.40) were received. Pod per plant was not showed significant difference between plots.

scholarly journals The Effect of N and P Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in Low-Fertile Soil of North-Western Ethiopia

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Mizan Amare ◽  
Dawit Fisseha ◽  
Christian Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Marginal Rate Of Return ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Western ◽  
Western Ethiopia

The impact of fertilizer of N and P on the yield of sesame in north-western Ethiopia was investigated. Field experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011. Six levels of urea and six levels of di-ammonium phosphate were applied using a factorial completely randomized block design. Application of N and P increased the plant height, the number of capsules plant−1, and the yield ha−1. The number of days to flower decreased with increasing rates of nitrogen. The number of days to maturity was largest (91 days) at a rate of 23 kg N ha−1. Applying 92 kg N ha−1 resulted in a yield of 917.8 kg ha−1 and a plant height of 104 cm. An application of 92 kg P ha−1 with 36 Kg N ha−1 gave a yield of 908 kg ha−1 and a plant height of 103.4 cm. The interaction between N and P significantly affected the number of days to flower, plant height, the number of capsules plant−1, and yield ha−1. Applying 128 kg N ha−1 and 92 kg P ha−1 gave the biggest yield (1043 kg ha−1). However, application of 41 kg N ha−1 and 46 kg P ha−1 gave the largest marginal rate of return.

scholarly journals Trianthema portulacastrum and Cyperus rotundus Interference in Maize and Application of Allelopathic Crop Extracts for Their Effective Management1

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NAEEM ◽  
A. MAHMOOD ◽  
M.Z. IHSAN ◽  
I. DAUR ◽  
S. HUSSAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Binary Combination

ABSTRACT Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are two noxious C4 weeds of maize crop causing extensive yield losses. A two years field experiment was performed to estimate interference of T. portulacastrum and C. rotundus and to evaluate the role of allelopathic water extracts for effective weed management in maize. Five plant water extracts in ten binary combinations were foliar applied in triplicated randomized complete block design. Plots treated with commercial herbicide atrazine and weedy check (control), were also maintained for comparison. The highest density of both weed species was observed at 45 days after sowing (DAS) while weed dry biomass was higher at 60 DAS. Binary combination of sorghum-sunflower depicted greater suppression for weed density, dry biomass and persistence index (88-92% for T. portulacastrum and 65-81% for C. rotundus) as compared with weedy check. This treatment combination has also recorded an enhancement of 125% in crop resistance index, 84% in leaf area index and 41% in crop growth rate at 60-75 DAS thus, leading to 51% improvement in grain yield. Binary combination of sunflower-brassica returned maximum marginal net benefit, while sorghum-maize combination anticipated the peak value for marginal rate of return. Along with the effective weed management and higher yield, sorghum-sunflower documented the maximum net economic benefits among different plant extract combinations therefore, suggesting that exogenous application of sorghum-sunflower extract can be effectively used for controlling these weeds in maize field.

Yield and economic benefits of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max) inoculation in northern Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Ndakidemi ◽  
F. D. Dakora ◽  
E. M. Nkonya ◽  
D. Ringo ◽  
H. Mansoor
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Rhizobial Inoculation ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
P Supply

On-farm experiments were conducted in farmers’ fields at 12 different sites in the 2 districts of Moshi and Rombo in northern Tanzania during the 2000–01 cropping season to study the effects of (brady)rhizobial inoculation in combination with P supply on growth and grain yields of soybean and common bean, and to assess the economic returns of these different technologies to farmers. A low level of N was included as an indicator of endogenous soil N status. The treatments included (brady)rhizobial inoculation, N fertilisation (30 kg N/ha as urea), P application [26 kg P/ha as triple super phosphate (TSP)], (brady)rhizobial inoculation + P fertilisation (26 kg/ha as TSP) and unfertilised uninoculated control. The study was conducted as a randomised complete block design with each of the 12 farmers’ fields as a replicate. At harvest, plant growth of soybean and common bean was significantly (P≤0.05) greater with (brady)rhizobial inoculation compared with N and P supply or uninoculated control in the 2 districts. Relative to uninoculated unfertilised plots, grain yields of common bean were markedly (P≤0.05) increased by 60–78% from inoculation alone, and 82–95% from inoculation + 26 kg P/ha; with soybean there was 127–139% increase in grain yield from inoculation alone, and 207–231% from inoculation + P. Thus, the combined application of bacterial inoculants and P fertiliser to field plants of soybean and common bean significantly (P≤0.05) increased biomass production and grain yield compared with the single use of N and P or (brady)rhizobial strains. From economic analysis, the increase in grain yield with inoculation translated into a significantly (P≤0.05) higher marginal rate of return and dollar profit for soybean and common bean farmers in northern Tanzania. With common bean, there was a 66 and 92% increase, respectively, in dollar profit with inoculation at Moshi and Rombo districts respectively relative to control; these profit margins rose to 84 and 102% with provision of supplemental P (26 kg P/ha). With soybean, however, the increase in profit with inoculation was much larger, about 140 and 153% at Rombo and Moshi, respectively, and these rose to 224 and 250% with P supply.

scholarly journals Evaluación de diferentes niveles críticos de Empoasca spp. basado en porcentaje de hojas infestadas con ninfas en el cultivo de frijol

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
R. Escobar ◽  
O. Cáceres ◽  
K. Andrews ◽  
R. Cave
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Marginal Rate Of Return ◽  
Net Benefits

In May, 1988, trials were Initiated to determine optimum critical levels for control of Empoasca spp, based on percentage of nymph Infested leaves. The efficiency of this sampling comparing It to absolute values obtained from Insect traps was also evaluated. A randomized complete block design was employed at two locations with three replications and five treatments per location. Insecticides were applied when leaves had infestation percentages of 0, 15, 30 and 45 %. An added check was also included without insecticide applications. To each treatment, “dimetoato” was applied to determine the critical level. Plot sizes were 49 in’ while harvest areas were 4 m2 taken from the center of each plot. The combined analysis of variance Indicated significant differences between yield amongst the applied treatments (P<0.01). Yield increases of 0 and 5% (1.1 and 1.2 t ha-1, respectively) were significantly higher than the check (0.8 t/ha) for treatments 30 and 45% defined above. The correlation between porcentage of infested leaves and number of nymphs determined from the traps was significant (r = 0.78) at Corral Falso and (r = 0.56) at San Jeronimo. The treatment with 15 % infested leaves provided the largest net benefits. The marginal rate of return for this critical level was 5 and 20% for San Jeronimo and Corral Falso respectively.

scholarly journals Nutritional Requirement of Sugarcane Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius S. G. da Silva ◽  
Mauro W. de Oliveira ◽  
Vilma M. Ferreira ◽  
Terezinha B. A. Oliveira ◽  
Elaine R. Galvão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
New Varieties

Sugarcane produces a large amount of biomass, extracts and accumulates high amounts of nutrients. In the literature the nutritional requirements for most cultivated varieties in the past are found, however there is little information on the new varieties currently planted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional requirement of four sugarcane varieties, currently very planted, in the cycles of plant-cane, first and second ratoon. The study was installed in a Yellow Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with five replications, and four treatments: RB867515, RB92579, SP813250 and VAT90212. During maturation of the cane, in the three evaluation cycles, the productivity of natural biomass and the nutritional requirement of macronutrients of the varieties were determined. It was evidenced that the cultivars of sugarcane are of high productive potential and resemble the accumulation of biomass, observing a yield of 158, 128 and 107 t ha-1 in the cycles of plant-cane, first and second ratoon. Regarding the nutritional requirement, the varieties did not differ among them and expressed the following order of need in the plant-cane K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P, in the first and second ratoon, the sequence observed was K > N > Ca > S > Mg > P.

scholarly journals Kompetisi beberapa jenis gulma terhadap pertumbuhan awal beberapa varietas tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Dentin Queentiara Moelyaandani ◽  
S Setiyono
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Sugarcane (Sacharum officinarum L.) is a sugar-producing plant and is a food commodity that is needed by the people of Indonesia. National sugar demands are increasing every year. The low productivity of sugarcane is due to the competition of weeds which can reduce sugarcane production. To achieve high productivity, it is necessary to pay attention to the varieties used because they require certain conditions in their management. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of varieties and types of weeds on the initial growth of sugarcane. The study was conducted from September 2018 to December 2018. The study used factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors and four replications. The first factor consists of 4 sugarcane varieties, namely: Bululawang (V1), Red HW (V2), VMC (V3) and PS 862 (V4). The second factor type of weed consists of 2 types, namely Cyperus rotundus (N1) and Amaranthus spinosus L. (N2). The results showed that (1) There was interaction between the varieties (V) and the weed types (N) in stem diameter parameters and number of tillers, the treatment V4N1 gives the best response to stem diameter 1,31 cm and 4,25 number of tillers; (2) The treatment of varieties (V) gives affects to stem diameter and number of leaves, the treatment V4 gives the best response 5,38 to number of leaves; (3) Types of thorn spinach weeds can reduce the initial growth of sugarcane. Keywords: Varieties; weed; sugarcane

scholarly journals Response of Malt Barley (Hordeum Distichum L) Varieties to Different Row Spacing under Contrasted Environments of North Gondar, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Amare Assefa Bogale ◽  
Ketema Niguse ◽  
Awoke Wasae ◽  
Shegaw Habitu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Malt Barley

A field experiment was conducted in north Gondar to investigate the response of malt barley varieties to different inter-row spacing under contrasted environment. The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were three different inter-row spacing (i.e., 20, 25, and 30 cm), six malt barley varieties (i.e., Holker, HB1963, Sabine, Ibone174/03, EH1847, and Freygebse), and two locations (Miligebsa and Kino). The result sowed that days to 50% heading, days to 90% physiological maturity, plant height, spike length, and number of kernels per spike were significantly ( p < 0.01 ) affected by the main effect of location and varieties. Similarly, effective tiller number, biomass yield, grain yield, and straw yield were significantly ( p < 0.01 ) influenced by the main effect of variety, inter-row spacing, and location. Important interaction was also observed between varieties × inter-row spacing × location on days to 50% heading, spike length, biomass yield, grain yield, and straw yield. Location × variety interaction significantly influences the days to 90% physiological maturity and effective tiller number. Similar significant ( p < 0.05 ) trend was also observed between varieties with inter-row spacing on effective tiller number and thousand kernel weight even at p < 0.01 level of significance. It was found that optimization of row spacing was found to be influenced by location and varietal difference. Hence, on the basis of the result, it can be inferred that 25 cm row spacing combined with the varieties “HB1963,” “Hollker,” and “Sabine” was optimum for maximum yielding potential under potential environment (Miligebsa).

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