Faba bean gall (Olipidium viciae Kusano) disease management using fungicides in North Shewa, Highlands of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-005
Author(s):  
Belachew Bekele Tiruneh ◽  
Sisay Argaye Bereda

Faba bean gall becomes the worst problem for the crop production. The diseases can cause up to complete crop failure. Studies showed that, applications of some fungicides and seed dressings have certain effects of reducing faba bean gall diseases and increases yield. Thus, the study aims to select best effective and economical fungicide for faba bean gall disease management. The experiment was conducted at farmers’ field on hot spot areas to manage the disease using fungicides in 2019/20 cropping season. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Nativo SC 300, Eminant star, Rex-Dou and Mancozeb 80 WP fungicides were applied as manufacturers’ recommendations. Significant difference between plots in plant height, disease severity, area under disease progress curve, grain yield and thousand kernel weights were recorded. The highest (46.67%) disease score were recorded in control plots followed by Rex-Dou (40.0%) sprayed plots. Whereas the lowest, disease severity (15.11%) were recorded from Eminant star sprayed plots. The highest grain yield was recorded in Eminant star (3.08 ton ha-1) sprayed plot followed by Nativo Sc 300 (3.01 ton ha-1) and Mancozeb 80 WP (2.54 ton ha-1) sprayed plots respectively. Eminant star sprayed plots also gave the highest economic benefit ETB (102770.0) and marginal rate of return (1678.46) followed by Nativo Sc 300 with net benefit of ETB (99190.0) and a marginal rate of return (925.40) were received. Pod per plant was not showed significant difference between plots.

Author(s):  
Teriku Legesse ◽  
Bakala Anbessa ◽  
Dassalegn Temene ◽  
Getahun Dereje

Purpose: To evaluate the blended fertilizer formulas types, under unlimed limed condition of Asossa acid soil on soybean in Benishagul Gumuz of Ethiopia. Methods: Two factorial RCB design with three replications was used in the investigation. Five types of blended fertilizer formulas were tested under limed and unlimed condition in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design. Lime and blended fertilizer types were used as factor. The amount of lime that was applied at each location was calculated on the basis of the exchangeable acidity, bulk density and 15 cm depth of the soil. One mole of exchangeable acidity would be neutralized by an equivalent mole of CaCO3. Accordingly, the amount of lime for this particular activity would be uniformly applied for all plots at 1.5 times of the exchangeable acidity (Equation 1) and incorporated in to the soil a month before seed sowing. Results: The effects of applied lime (CaCO3) and fertilizer types on growth and yield components of soybean were non-significantly (P>0.05) influenced except 100 seed weight, whereas the lime by blended fertilizer types interaction effects were not-significantly (P>0.05) affect all growth and yield components of soybean (Table 2). The highest plant height (71.58 cm) was obtained from NPKSZnB (Formula 5 modified) fertilizer type, however statistically non-significant from the other treatments. Conclusion: The partial budget analysis indicated that, it was not necessarily based on the highest marginal rate of return, rather based on the minimum acceptable marginal rate of return and the treatment with the high net benefit, relatively low variable cost together with an acceptable MRR becomes the tentative recommendation. Therefore we recommend the treatments (100 kg /ha NPSB) that have acceptable marginal rate of return, relatively high net benefit and relatively small total cost of production for soybean production in Asossa zone.


2020 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Tilahun Firomsa ◽  
Abdurahman Husien ◽  
Kafyalew Assefa ◽  
Tilahun Abera ◽  
Amante Lemma ◽  
...  

Optimum nutrients are basic for proper and balanced fertilizer recommendations as paramount importance in order to confirm food security and increase crop productivity in a sustainable way for farmers and other stakeholders. Soil test based crop response phosphorus calibration study for bread wheat at kofole district in 2016 with objectives to determine the optimum nitrogen of bread wheat to nitrogen-fertilizer applications in soils and to give quantitative guidelines and recommendations of nitrogen-fertilizer for bread wheat on Eutric Vertisols. The study was conducted on farmers’ fields across the district. The treatments considered for optimum nitrogen determination were four levels of nitrogen (0, 46, 69 & 92) and phosphorus (0, 23, 46 & 92) fertilizer included in the treatments. The treatments were arranged in a factorial combination of complete block design with two replications. The plot size of 5mx4m with a seed rate of 150kg/ha a variety of Ogolcho which had been recommended for the area was used. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) among treatments application for all locations. The highest grain yield was obtained on the application 69N kg/ha with no application of phosphorus fertilizers on Eutric Vertisols. Minimum grain yield was obtained on the control plots at all sites. Optimum determination with the partial budget analysis made using the annual average bread wheat grains prices showed that 69 kg N ha-1 gave a marginal rate of return of 122.41%, which is above the acceptable minimum rate of return. Therefore, future research should focus on soil test crop response based phosphorus calibration study of on the result optimum nitrogen of the farmland could be a pre request of the technology before to the end user.


1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ahmed ◽  
SK Paul ◽  
MSA Mamun

A study was undertaken to evaluate the field performance and economic analysis of some commonly used insecticides against Tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse at Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal, Moulvibazar. Six different insecticides–Thiodan 35EC (Endosulfan), Ripcord 10EC (Cypermethrin), Decis 2.5EC (Deltamethrin), Dimethion 40EC (Dimethoate), Metasystox 25EC (Oxydemeton), and Malathion 57EC (Malathion) were applied in the plots as recommended dose of BTRI. The shoot infestation reduction as well as yield response of all the insecticides treated plots were superior over the control but there was no significant difference among the insecticidal treatments. Better field performance against Helopeltis was found in Malathion 57 EC treated plots in respect to shoot infestation reduction over control (87.09%). Per hectare yield (1910.33 kg) as well as per hectare net return (Tk. 300927.80) were also higher in Malathion 57EC treated plots. The highest marginal rate of return (2580.57%) was obtained by spraying Metasystox 25EC over control followed by Ripcord IOEC (1710.87%) and other insecticides. The most economically acceptable insecticide against tea mosquito bug was Metasystox. Keywords: Field performance; economic analysis; insecticides; tea; Helopeltis theivora. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9273 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 449-454


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
R. Escobar ◽  
O. Cáceres ◽  
K. Andrews ◽  
R. Cave

In May, 1988, trials were Initiated to determine optimum critical levels for control of Empoasca spp, based on percentage of nymph Infested leaves. The efficiency of this sampling comparing It to absolute values obtained from Insect traps was also evaluated. A randomized complete block design was employed at two locations with three replications and five treatments per location. Insecticides were applied when leaves had infestation percentages of 0, 15, 30 and 45 %. An added check was also included without insecticide applications. To each treatment, “dimetoato” was applied to determine the critical level. Plot sizes were 49 in’ while harvest areas were 4 m2 taken from the center of each plot. The combined analysis of variance Indicated significant differences between yield amongst the applied treatments (P<0.01). Yield increases of 0 and 5% (1.1 and 1.2 t ha-1, respectively) were significantly higher than the check (0.8 t/ha) for treatments 30 and 45% defined above. The correlation between porcentage of infested leaves and number of nymphs determined from the traps was significant (r = 0.78) at Corral Falso and (r = 0.56) at San Jeronimo. The treatment with 15 % infested leaves provided the largest net benefits. The marginal rate of return for this critical level was 5 and 20% for San Jeronimo and Corral Falso respectively.


Author(s):  
Gobena Negasa ◽  
Bobe Bedadi ◽  
Tolera Abera

Faba bean production is a common practice in Lemu Bilbilo areas. However, faba bean productivity is affected and limited by poor soil fertility and lack of alternative technologies such as application of optimum phosphorus fertilizer for different faba bean varieties. In view of this, a field experiment was conducted on farmer’s field during the 2017 main cropping season at Lemu Bilbilo with the objectives to determine the response of faba bean varieties to different rates of P fertilizer and its influence on yield and yield components of faba bean varieties.  The treatments include three faba bean varieties (Tumsa, Gebelcho and Dosha) and five phosphorus levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg P ha-1) from Triple Super Phosphate. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete blocked design with 3 x 5 factorial arrangements with three replications. Significantly (P<0 .05) higher plant height was recorded from Tumsa variety. Total productive tillers per plant, thousand seed weights, and harvest index and biomass yield of faba bean were significantly affected by main effect of varieties. Higher total productive tillers per plant (1.53) were obtained from application of 30 kg P ha-1. Higher plant height (153 cm), biomass yield (14158 kg ha-1) and grain yield (6323 kg ha-1) were obtained from application of 40 kg P ha-1. Application of 10, 20 and 30 kg P ha-1 gave marginal rate of return of 1404694 and 502% for faba bean production, which are well above the minimum acceptable rate of return. Therefore, application of 20 kg ha-1 of P with Tumsa, Gebelcho and Dosha faba bean varieties were proved to be productive and superior both in seed yield as well as economic advantage and recommended for faba bean production in Lemu Bilbilo area. Further study should be conducted in the future both over locations and years in order to give full recommendation for practical application.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
SKI HADIYANI ◽  
DA SUNARTO ◽  
A. A A. GOTHAMA ◽  
S. A. WAHYUNI

<p>Rekomendasi pengendalian hama terpadu (PUT) hama utama lanaman kapas, akan tetapi secara tcknis dan ekonomis masih sulit diterapkan oleh petani. Unluk memperbaiki rekomendasi itu maka dikaji efisiensi pemanfaatan parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea armigera N&amp;N. HeUcoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (//oNPV). dan insektisida nabati serbuk biji mimba (SBM) terhadap // armigera. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada musim lanam 199899 di kebun Instalasi Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat, Asembagus, Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Rancangan penelitian adalah acak kelompok dengan 6 perlakuan, dan 3 ulangan Ukuran plot adalah 50 m x 50 m Pada rekomendasi standar rakitan komponen PITT, perlakuan yang ditambahkan adalah (1) penyemprotan SBM. (2) pelepasan T. armigera ■ penyemprotan SBM, (3) pelepasan '/'. armigera ' penyemprotan insektisida kimia, (4) penyemprotan faNPV I penyemprotan insektisida kimia. (5) penyemprotan insektisida kimia, dan (6) lanpa perlakuan (kontrol). Penyemprotan SUM, //oNPV, dan insektisida kimia dilakukan apabila populasi ulat // armigera mencapai ambang pengendalian (4 tanaman lerinfestasi per 25 tanaman). dan pelepasan 7 armigera dilakukan apabila populasi telur //. armigera mencapai ambang pelepasan (25 telur per 25 tanaman) Penyemprotan SBM, pelepasan T. armigera dan penyemprotan //oNPV dapat ditambahkan pada rekomendasi standar rakitan komponen PHT. Penambahan penyemprotan SBM pada rekomendasi standar rakitan komponen PITT adalah paling cisien diantara tiga komponen PITT yang ditambahkan, memberikan eisiensi (Marginal Regional Rate of Return. MRR) scbasar 3.64 dengan produktivitas kapas berbiji 1 562 kgha (meningkatkan 392 kg atau 25%) dan biaya penyemprotan Rp 172 267 (menurun Rp 259 883 atau 60%).</p><p>Kata Kunci : Azadirachla tndica A. Juss, Trichogrammatoidea armigera N&amp;N, WoNPV, HeUcoverpa armigera Hbn . PITT, Gossypium hirsutum I.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Improved 1PM recomendation package for controlling Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. on coton</strong></p><p>An experimcnl on Ihe use of IPM components for controlling HeUcoverpa armigera Hbn. as ihe pests of cotton was conducted in Asembagus Research Station during cotton planting season 1998/99 Ihe objective of this experiment was to assess the usefulness of Trichogrammatoidea armigera N&amp;N., //oNPV, and botanical insecticide (neem seed powder) in improving the IPM recommendation package, so that it can be adopted by farmers This experiment was arranged in randomized blok design with 6 treatments and 3 replicates. Ihe size of each plot was 50 m X 50 m Ihe treatments comprise: (1) neem spray; (2) T. armigera release neem spray; (3) T. armigera release i insecticide spray; (4) //(A'I'V spray I chemical. (5) chemical; and (6) control (unlrcatment) were added lo the standar IPM recommendation package. Neem, /YoNPV, and chemical spray was done whenever population of H. armigera larvae reached action threshold (4 infected plants 25 plants) and release of T. armigera was done whenever population of H. armigera eggs reached "release threshold" (25 cggs/25 plants) Neem seed powder spray, T. armigera release, and //oNPV spray could be added to (he standar IPM recomendation package. Ihe most efficient among this three components was neem seed powder spray. Which gives eicjency Marginal Rate of Return (MRR) 3 64, cotton seed productivity I 562 kgha (increase 392 kg or 25%) and spraying cost Rp 172 267 (decrease Rp 259 883 or 60%).</p><p>Key words: Azadirachla indica A. Juss., Trichogrammatoidea armigera N&amp;N, 7/aNPV, Helicoverpa armigera Hbn , IPM, Gossypium hirsutum I.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-573
Author(s):  
Árpád Illés ◽  
S. M. Nasir Mousavi ◽  
Csaba Bojtor ◽  
Janos Nagy

AbstractIn recent years, producers of agricultural products have increased the use of chemical fertilizers per unit area. The goal of this research was to analyze the interaction of genotype in treatment (NPK fertilizer) on grain yield, protein content, oil content, and the starch content on 13 maize hybrids using analysis by the model of additive and multiplier effects AMMI and to evaluate genotypes, treatments, and their interactions using biplot in Hungary. Treatments include NPK0 (N: 0 kg/ha, P2O5:0 kg/ha, K2O: 0 kg/ha), NPK1 (N: 30 kg/ha, P2O5: 23 kg/ha, K2O: 27 kg/ha), NPK2 (N: 60 kg/ha, P2O5: 46 kg/ha, K2O: 54 kg/ha), NPK3 (N: 90 kg/ha, P2O5: 69 kg/ha, K2O: 81 kg/ha), NPK4 (N: 120 kg/ha, P2O5: 92 kg/ha, K2O: 108 kg/ha), NPK5 (N: 150 kg/ha, P2O5: 115 kg/ha, K2O: 135 kg/ha) in four replications based on complete randomized block design in 2019. The NPK fertilizer effects indicate that the fertilizers are different on yield genotype. AMMI analysis showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes, treatment, and the interaction effect of genotype * treatment at one percent. Besides, the maximum yield had Loupiac and NPK3 on grain yield, Loupiac and NPK2 on oil content, P0023, and NPK3 for starch content, DKC 3/ES4725 (DKC4725) and NPK3 for protein content. Also, GGE biplot analysis indicates that had maximum grain yield in Loupiac, protein content in P9978, oil content in MV Maronetta, and starch content in Sushi.


1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
S. A. Brandt

The response of sunola (Helianthus annuus L. 'AC Sierra') to nitrogen (N) fertilization under conventional and direct seeding tillage systems was examined in field experiments at sites in the semiarid Dark Brown and subhumid Black soil climatic zones over a 2-yr period of normal to above-normal growing season precipitation. Urea-N fertilizer was banded at the time of seeding at varying rates to a maximum of 150 kg N ha−1. Tillage treatment did not influence sunola response to N fertilization. Sunola seed yield responded greater to fertilization at the Black soil site compared with the Dark Brown soil site in both years. Sunola harvest indices were comparable across sites and years, ranging from 0.10 to 0.18. Seed oil concentration averaged about 4% higher at the Black compared with the Dark Brown soil site, and responded to fertilization differently between locations. Sunola water use efficiency was markedly higher in 1994 than in 1993 at both sites, primarily due to lower water consumption by the crop. Fertilizer recommendations can be based on a desired yield goal or marginal rate of return. A minimum acceptable marginal rate of return of 1, 1.5 and 2 times the cost of the fertilizer, indicated that fertilizer N plus soil nitrate-N levels of greater than 94, 66 and 38 kg N ha−1, respectively, were uneconomical at Scott; respective rates at Melfort were 183, 174 and 154 kg N ha−1. However, fertilizer rates in excess of 100 kg N ha−1 in the Black soil climatic zone can result in potentially high levels of residual nitrate-N in the soil profile, and thus have greater potential for N leaching and denitrification losses. Key words:Helianthus annuus L., nitrogen


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Egata Shunka ◽  
Kassaye Negash ◽  
Abebe Chindi ◽  
Gebremedhin W/giorigis ◽  
Tesfaye Abebe ◽  
...  

This experiment was conducted to determine the rate of blended fertilizers and urea for potato production under rainfed condition in Jeldu, West Showa, Ethiopia. Different fertilizer treatments viz., 150 kg ha-1 NPSB+80 kg ha-1 urea, 250 kg ha-1 NPSB+80 kg ha-1 urea, 350 kg ha-1 NPSB+80 kg ha-1 urea, 150 kg ha-1 NPSB+140 kg ha-1 urea, 250 kg ha-1 NPSB+140 kg ha-1 urea, 350 kg ha-1 NPSB+140 kg ha-1 urea, 150 kg ha-1 NPSB +200 kg ha-1 urea, 250 kg ha-1 NPSB +200 kg ha-1 urea and 350 kg ha-1 N+200 kg ha-1 urea was used for the production of Belete and Gudenie potato varieties (cv. Jeldu Wereda) during 2018-2019 using RCBD factorial arrangement in three replication. This study revealed that there was a highly significant difference between the yield and yield components of potato due to the main effect of fertilizer rates. The interaction did not significantly affect any parameter of potato during the study. The highest total and marketable yields (22.95 t ha-1 and 20.06 t ha-1), respectively were harvested from 350 kg ha-1 NPSB+200 kg ha-1 urea though not significantly different from total and marketable yield of 250 kg ha-1 NPSB+200 kg ha-1 urea (22.08 and 19.14 t ha-1) and 350 kg ha-1 + 140 kg ha-1 urea (21.65 and 18.84 t ha-1), respectively. The partial budget analysis indicated that the highest benefit (64,916.00ETB) was fetched from 350 kg ha-1 NPSB+200 kg ha-1 urea followed by 250 kg ha-1 NPSB+200 kg ha-1 urea (63,004.00ETB) while the highest marginal rate of return (19,430.00%) was recorded from 250 kg ha-1 NPSB+200 kg ha-1 followed by 150 kg ha-1 NPSB+200 kg ha-1 urea (17,000.00%). From this, it can be concluded that the NPSB+ urea rates highly significantly affected the yield and yield component of potato. Thus, 250 kg ha-1 urea+200 kg ha-1 urea can be used for high yield and high economic return of potato in Jeldu district.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mesfin Tadele ◽  
Mussa Jarso ◽  
Sisay Argaye ◽  
Asnakech Tekalign ◽  
Nigat Tilahun ◽  
...  

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a high value crop in Ethiopia and has versatile uses. The national faba bean breeding program concentrates on the three major traits (grain yield, disease resistance and seed size) of the crop for varietal release for commercial production. Hence, ten faba bean genotypes were evaluated at Adet, Areka, Bekoji, Haramaya, Holetta and Jimma during the main cropping seasons of 2018 and 2019 using a randomized complete block design with four replications with the objectives to select the genotype with best performance in terms of important agronomic traits like grain yield, disease resistance, large seed size and other desirable agronomic traits for high potential production areas in Ethiopia. The combined analysis of variance across locations revealed that there is highly significant (P < 0.01) variation among the tested genotypes for grain yield, 1000-seeds weight, number of pods per plant, and days to 90% physiological maturity. The genotype EH011089-3 showed better performance than the tested genotypes having comparable grain yield performance (3803 kgha-1) with the two standard checks, Numan and Gora (3790 and 3897 kgha-1, respectively) while it had the highest 1000-seeds weight (1065 g) compared to the two standard checks, Numan and Gora (937 g and 786 g, respectively), i.e., 13.7% and 35.5% advantage, over the two standard checks, respectively. Additionally, EH011089-3 had better resistance for chocolate spot and rust diseases. Therefore, EH011089-3 was the best over the tested varieties and breeding lines. Genotype EH011089-3 is recommended for varietal release for commercial production all over in Ethiopia.


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